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Grade 11 Exam  >  Grade 11 Tests  >  Chemistry for Grade 11 (IGCSE)  >  Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Grade 11 MCQ

Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Grade 11 MCQ


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20 Questions MCQ Test Chemistry for Grade 11 (IGCSE) - Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum

Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum for Grade 11 2024 is part of Chemistry for Grade 11 (IGCSE) preparation. The Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum questions and answers have been prepared according to the Grade 11 exam syllabus.The Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum MCQs are made for Grade 11 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum below.
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Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 1
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What is a defining characteristic of saturated compounds?

Detailed Solution for Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 1
Saturated compounds are characterized by molecules where all carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds. This means that the carbon atoms in saturated compounds are fully saturated with hydrogen atoms, making them stable and relatively unreactive compared to unsaturated compounds.
Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 2
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Which general formula is typically followed by alkenes?

Detailed Solution for Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 2
Alkenes, which are examples of unsaturated compounds, typically follow the general formula CnH2n. This formula signifies that for every 'n' number of carbon atoms, there are twice as many hydrogen atoms, allowing for the presence of a double bond between carbon atoms.
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Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 3
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What structural feature enables alkenes to form additional bonds with other atoms?

Detailed Solution for Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 3
The presence of a double bond (C=C) in alkenes allows them to form additional bonds with other atoms. By breaking the double bond, incoming atoms can create another single bond with each carbon atom of the functional group, enabling versatility in forming new chemical compounds.
Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 4
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How do alkenes differ from alkanes in terms of carbon-carbon bonds?
Detailed Solution for Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 4
Alkenes differ from alkanes by having at least one carbon-carbon double bond, whereas alkanes consist of only single carbon-carbon bonds. This structural dissimilarity leads to differences in reactivity and physical properties between these two types of hydrocarbons.
Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 5
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Which of the following functional groups is typically found in alcohols?
Detailed Solution for Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 5
The functional group commonly found in alcohols is -OH, which consists of an oxygen atom single-bonded to a hydrogen atom. This hydroxyl group is a defining feature of alcohols, contributing to their chemical properties and reactivity. Alcohols are characterized by the presence of this hydroxyl group, which influences their physical characteristics, such as solubility and boiling points, as well as their chemical behavior in various reactions.
Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 6
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Why is it important to assign a number to each carbon atom in organic compounds with multiple carbon atoms hosting a functional group?
Detailed Solution for Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 6
Assigning a number to each carbon atom in organic compounds with multiple carbons hosting a functional group is essential to specify the position of the functional group accurately. This numbering system helps in precisely locating where the functional group is attached within the compound's carbon chain. By assigning numbers, chemists ensure clarity in naming and describing organic molecules, supporting effective communication within the scientific community.
Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 7
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In naming organic compounds, why is it sometimes necessary to start numbering the carbons from the right rather than the left?
Detailed Solution for Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 7
Sometimes, in naming organic compounds, it is necessary to start numbering the carbons from the right rather than the left to maintain lower numbers in chemical names. This practice ensures consistency and follows the IUPAC naming conventions, which prioritize assigning the lowest possible numbers to the substituents or functional groups in a compound. By starting numbering from the side that results in lower locants for functional groups, chemists can create clear and unambiguous names for organic compounds.
Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 8
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What is the primary component of natural gas?
Detailed Solution for Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 8
The primary component of natural gas is hydrogen. Natural gas, which mainly consists of methane (CH4), is a fossil fuel that is predominantly composed of hydrogen atoms. This composition makes natural gas a valuable energy source for various applications due to its high energy content.
Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 9
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What process is used to separate fractions in petroleum based on their properties and boiling points?
Detailed Solution for Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 9
Fractions in petroleum are separated based on their properties and boiling points through a process called fractional distillation. This process involves heating crude oil to separate it into different components, or fractions, based on the differences in boiling points. Each fraction collected has distinct properties and applications, making fractional distillation a crucial step in refining petroleum products.
Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 10
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What is the key characteristic of the components of petroleum known as fractions in terms of their carbon chains?
Detailed Solution for Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 10
The key characteristic of the components of petroleum known as fractions is that their boiling points increase with the length of the carbon chain. As the number of carbon atoms in the molecular chain of a fraction rises, so does its boiling point. This property is essential in the fractional distillation process as it allows for the separation of different fractions based on their boiling point ranges.
Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 11
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What is the main reason for separating fractions in petroleum through fractional distillation?
Detailed Solution for Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 11
The primary reason for separating fractions in petroleum through fractional distillation is to obtain fractions with distinct properties and applications. Each fraction collected through this process has different boiling points and characteristics, making them suitable for various industrial uses. By isolating these components, industries can utilize them effectively in the production of fuels, lubricants, and other petroleum-based products.Response:
Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 12
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Which property determines the fluidity of a fraction obtained through fractional distillation?
Detailed Solution for Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 12
Viscosity is the property that determines the fluidity of a fraction obtained through fractional distillation. Lighter fractions are generally less viscous compared to heavier ones. For example, kerosene is more viscous than gasoline. Viscosity plays a crucial role in various applications, such as in lubrication where different viscosities are required for different machinery to ensure optimal functioning.
Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 13
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What property of fractions obtained through fractional distillation refers to how easily a substance vaporizes?
Detailed Solution for Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 13
Volatility is the property that refers to how easily a substance vaporizes. Lighter fractions typically have higher volatility compared to heavier ones. This characteristic is fundamental in the separation of different hydrocarbons during fractional distillation. Additionally, volatility is a key factor in understanding the behavior of various fuels and chemicals under different conditions.
Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 14
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During fractional distillation, where are vapors of hydrocarbons with low boiling points collected?
Detailed Solution for Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 14
Vapors of hydrocarbons with low boiling points rise to the top of the fractionating column during fractional distillation and are collected there. This separation is based on the principle that different hydrocarbons have varying boiling points, leading to their condensation at different heights in the column. The process allows for the extraction of different fractions for various uses based on their properties.
Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 15
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Which property differentiates fractions obtained through fractional distillation based on their varying boiling points?
Detailed Solution for Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 15
Boiling points are the properties that differentiate fractions obtained through fractional distillation based on their varying boiling points. Different fractions have distinct boiling points, which enable their separation during the distillation process. Understanding the boiling points of various fractions is crucial for industries such as petrochemicals, where precise separation of hydrocarbons is essential for obtaining specific products like gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and more.
Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 16
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What property of hydrocarbons refers to how easily a liquid flows and increases with the length of the carbon chain?
Detailed Solution for Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 16
Viscosity in hydrocarbons pertains to how easily a liquid flows, with high viscosity indicating a thicker and less readily flowing liquid. As the number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon chain increases, the molecules' attraction intensifies, leading to higher viscosity as the chain lengthens.
Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 17
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In hydrocarbons, what property signifies a substance's tendency to vaporize and decreases as molecular size grows?
Detailed Solution for Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 17
Volatility in hydrocarbons indicates a substance's tendency to vaporize. As molecular size increases, hydrocarbon liquids become less volatile due to heightened intermolecular attraction with increasing molecular size, leading to decreased volatility.
Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 18
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Which hydrocarbon fraction is primarily utilized for jet fuel production?
Detailed Solution for Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 18
Kerosene is essential for jet fuel production. It is a hydrocarbon fraction that plays a crucial role in powering jet engines due to its specific properties and combustion characteristics.
Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 19
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What is the primary purpose of refining crude oil into various products like refinery gas, gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil, lubricating oil, and bitumen?
Detailed Solution for Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 19
Refining crude oil into products like refinery gas, gasoline, naphtha, and others serves the purpose of converting the raw material into more valuable and usable forms. Each of these products has specific applications and benefits, contributing to various industries and daily life. This process involves separating various components based on their boiling points through techniques like distillation, cracking, and others, enabling the production of a diverse range of essential products.
Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 20
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How does the boiling point of hydrocarbons change in relation to molecular size?
Detailed Solution for Test: Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds & Naming of Organic Compounds & Fuels & Separation of Petroleum - Question 20
The boiling point of hydrocarbons increases with increasing molecular size. Larger molecules exhibit greater intermolecular attraction, requiring more heat to separate them, thereby leading to a higher boiling point as the molecular size increases.
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