Test: Social Movements - Bank Exams MCQ

'Dialogical resistance' refers to Gandhi's method of engaging in dialogue and persuasion to change the hearts and minds of opponents rather than treating them as enemies. This approach aims to foster understanding and reconciliation, emphasizing the importance of non-violence and ethical engagement in conflict.

The Marxist approach posits that social movements are fundamentally driven by class struggle. This perspective emphasizes the conflict between different classes, particularly between the ruling class and the exploited classes, which fuels collective action aimed at revolutionary change. Understanding class dynamics is essential to grasp how social movements emerge and evolve.

Studying social movements is significant as it provides insights into the fragility of political institutions and the factors that shape political processes. Understanding these movements helps activists and scholars comprehend the dynamics of power and the potential for change within political systems.

The Structural-Functional approach posits that social movements arise from tensions between the needs of individuals and the limitations imposed by social structures. When societal institutions fail to meet people's aspirations, movements can emerge as a form of collective response to these frustrations.

The Subaltern Studies group critiques traditional Marxist historians for ignoring the history of the masses and the role of cultural factors in shaping class consciousness. This perspective emphasizes the importance of understanding diverse voices and experiences in the analysis of social movements and class struggles.

A defining feature of social movements is their common purpose and social solidarity among participants. This collective challenge to authority is based on shared goals and values, fostering a sense of community and collaboration that drives the movement's efforts for social change.

Social movements play a decisive role in both democratic and authoritarian political systems by challenging existing political institutions and social norms. They reflect the social and political conflicts of the time, influencing the behavior of political actors and the nature of governance. This capacity to challenge and change political institutions is crucial for understanding their impact on society.

Liberal scholars argue that mass movements arise from mass societies characterized by extremism and anti-democratic tendencies. They advocate for limiting the participation of the masses in politics to ensure efficient government functioning, emphasizing the need for political change within existing institutional frameworks rather than through revolutionary means.

Social movements challenge established authorities and advocate for change, which can lead to a redistribution of power within society. By articulating grievances and mobilizing support, these movements can reshape political institutions and influence the balance of power, ultimately affecting societal values and norms.

Satyagraha is characterized by a commitment to truth (satya) and non-violence (ahinsa), distinguishing it from passive resistance, which may be deployed by the weak without strict adherence to ethical principles. Gandhi's approach emphasizes the moral high ground in struggles for justice, engaging opponents without hostility.