Test: The Judiciary - Class 8 MCQ

To be appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court, a candidate must meet several qualifications, including being a citizen of India, having served as a High Court judge for a minimum of 5 years, or being a distinguished advocate for at least 10 years. This ensures that judges have substantial legal expertise and experience.

While the Supreme Court does handle criminal cases, "Criminal Jurisdiction" is not formally categorized as a type of jurisdiction. Instead, the Supreme Court operates under original, appellate, and advisory jurisdictions, with criminal cases falling under these broader categories.

Judges of the High Court are appointed by the President of India based on recommendations from the Chief Justice of India and consultation with the state's Governor. This process is designed to ensure that appointments are made with due consideration of merit and judicial experience.

Judges of the Supreme Court must retire upon reaching the age of 65. This retirement age is established to ensure that the judiciary remains dynamic, while also allowing experienced judges to contribute to the judicial process until that age.

Lok Adalats serve as alternative dispute resolution mechanisms designed to settle disputes amicably without the need for formal court procedures. They aim to provide quick and cost-effective resolutions, promoting justice and reducing the burden on traditional court systems.

The Jessica Lal murder case exemplified judicial impartiality, as it involved the conviction of Manu Sharma, the influential son of a politician, for killing model Jessica Lal. The case demonstrated that the judiciary upheld the principle of equality before the law, ensuring that no one is above it, regardless of their social status.

The Supreme Court Legal Aid Committee is responsible for providing free legal aid to individuals who meet specific eligibility criteria, such as those with low income or belonging to vulnerable groups. This initiative aims to enhance access to justice for all citizens, regardless of their economic status.

Original Jurisdiction enables the Supreme Court to hear specific cases directly, such as disputes between state governments or violations of Fundamental Rights. This allows significant issues to be addressed at the highest level without any preliminary hearings in lower courts.

The Supreme Court of India is composed of the Chief Justice and up to 30 other judges, totaling a maximum of 31 judges. This composition is crucial for handling the volume and complexity of cases that reach the highest court in the country.

The High Court exercises Administrative Jurisdiction to supervise the functioning of subordinate courts. This includes issuing guidelines and regulations to ensure consistency and efficiency in legal proceedings, maintaining accountability within the judicial system.

The Supreme Court has the power of Judicial Review, which allows it to evaluate the constitutionality of laws passed by Parliament. If a law is found to violate the Constitution, the Supreme Court can declare it null and void, maintaining the supremacy of the Constitution.

The primary purpose of Judicial Review is for the Supreme Court to evaluate whether laws passed by the Parliament or actions taken by the executive comply with the Constitution. If a law is found unconstitutional, it can be nullified, thus protecting the integrity of the constitutional framework.

The Supreme Court is the apex judicial authority in India, overseeing all lower courts, including High Courts and Subordinate Courts. Its decisions are final, and it serves as the highest court for both civil and criminal matters, ensuring the integrity of the judicial system.

An Election Petition is the legal mechanism through which individuals can challenge the results of elections in India. This ensures that electoral processes are transparent and accountable, allowing for the resolution of disputes related to election outcomes.

District Courts often face significant challenges, including a backlog of cases, which can lead to delays in the delivery of justice. This backlog affects the efficiency and accessibility of the legal system, making it difficult for citizens to receive timely resolutions to their disputes.

An independent judiciary is vital in a democracy as it ensures that laws are applied impartially and fairly, protecting the rights of citizens. This separation of powers prevents interference from the legislature and executive, thus maintaining the rule of law and upholding democratic principles.

The Chief Justice of India plays a pivotal role in the appointment of Supreme Court judges by making recommendations to the President. This collaborative process involves consultation with various authorities, ensuring that appointments are made based on merit and judicial experience.

The High Court has original jurisdiction to issue directions and orders when the Fundamental Rights of citizens are violated, allowing it to provide immediate legal relief and uphold constitutional protections for individuals.

Public Interest Litigation is designed to protect the interests of the public by allowing individuals or groups to file cases on behalf of those who cannot represent themselves, particularly marginalized or disadvantaged populations. This mechanism enhances access to justice for all.

The Indian judiciary plays a crucial role in upholding the rule of law, ensuring that laws are applied equally to all citizens, and resolving both civil and criminal disputes. This independent body acts as a guardian of justice, protecting citizens' rights and maintaining law and order.