Test: The Nationalist Movement - Class 8 MCQ

The Moderates aimed to increase Indian participation in governance and reduce the economic drain caused by British policies. They believed in using peaceful methods like petitions and resolutions to achieve their goals, reflecting their faith in British fairness.

The term "drain of wealth" was coined by Dadabhai Naoroji to illustrate how British colonial policies were economically exploiting India by redirecting its resources and revenues to Britain. This concept became a foundational argument for the nationalist movement, emphasizing the need for economic independence.

The British control over India's resources fostered a growing desire among Indians to end colonial rule, leading to the unification of people across class, caste, creed, gender, and language. This collective sentiment was pivotal in the emergence of nationalism in India, as various groups began to recognize their common interests against British exploitation.

The split during the Surat Session in 1907 occurred between the Moderates and Extremists over differences in objectives and methods. While Moderates favored petitions and reforms, Extremists advocated for more direct action and a stronger push for self-rule.

The Ilbert Bill allowed Indian judges to try European offenders but faced strong opposition, leading to amendments that restricted its original intent. This incident highlighted the racial discrimination entrenched in the British legal system.

The British justified the partition of Bengal as a measure for administrative convenience; however, it was widely seen as an attempt to weaken the burgeoning nationalist movement by dividing the population along communal lines. This action sparked significant protests and the Swadeshi movement.

The Indian National Congress was established as a platform for educated Indians from upper society to express their grievances and petition the government. It aimed to increase Indian participation in administration and address issues stemming from British policies, marking a significant step in the Indian freedom movement.

The Abhinav Bharat Society was known for its revolutionary activities against British rule, including notable figures like the Chapekar brothers, who engaged in acts of violence to protest against colonial oppression.

British rule led to significant economic exploitation that caused the collapse of traditional Indian industries. India was transformed into a supplier of raw materials while relying on British finished goods, severely affecting local economies and crafts.

Viceroy Lytton's policy of removing import duties on British goods, coupled with raising taxes, angered many Indians as it directly contributed to their economic hardships. This policy exemplified the exploitative nature of British economic strategies, leading to widespread discontent and protests.

The prominent leaders associated with the Extremist faction included Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai. They criticized the moderate approach, advocating for more direct action and a stronger push for self-rule, emphasizing the need for self-reliance and nationalism.

The primary focus of revolutionary movements was to engage in armed resistance against British rule, as many revolutionaries believed that peaceful methods were insufficient for achieving independence. This led to the formation of secret societies aimed at training members in militancy.

A.O. Hume, a retired British civil servant, was instrumental in the formation of the Indian National Congress. He envisioned it as a "safety valve" for Indian discontent, helping to channel nationalist feelings into a structured political platform.

The Swadeshi movement emphasized economic independence through self-reliance (atmashakti), encouraging Indians to boycott British goods and promote local industries, thereby fostering a sense of national pride and unity.

The Indian Councils Act of 1909, also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms, aimed to increase Indian representation in legislative councils but maintained a system of indirect elections, indicating limited concessions by the British government while still retaining control.

The All India Muslim League was formed primarily to protect Muslim interests and demanded separate electorates for Muslims. This demand reflected the community's desire to have a distinct political voice within the framework of British governance.

"Swaraj is my birthright" is the famous slogan associated with Bal Gangadhar Tilak. It encapsulated the demand for self-rule and became a rallying cry for nationalists advocating for India's independence from British rule.

The widespread protests against the partition of Bengal culminated in the annulment of the partition in 1911. This outcome demonstrated the power of collective nationalist action and resistance against British policies.

During the First World War, Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak formed the Home Rule League to demand self-government for India. This movement gained widespread support, reflecting the growing desire for political autonomy among Indians.

The First World War significantly stimulated demands for self-government among Indians. Many hoped that their support for the British war effort would lead to political concessions, which intensified the desire for autonomy and self-rule after the war ended.