Test: Time And Work- 2 - GMAT MCQ

Given:

• Contents of 1 packet:
  • Chocolates = 3
  • Candied Nuts = 4
  • Chewing Gums = 2
• The production rate (number of units produced per hour) is as under:

​

• The maximum units that the quality checking machine can process in 1 hour = 3000
  • Since the total number of items produced per hour is only 2300 (less than 3000), this means, there is no holdup/ delay at the quality checking machine. The machine is able to immediately process each produced item.
• 20% each of Chocolates, Candied Nuts and Chewing Gums fail the test This means, only 80% of the produced Chocolates, Candied Nuts and Chewing Gums go to the packaging plant.
  ​

To Find:  Can the number of packets prepared by the packaging machine in 1 hour be {195, 230, 280}?

Approach:

1. To answer the question, we first need to understand what are the constraints on the number of packets prepared by the packaging machine in 1 hour.
   • Constraint 1 – The processing capacity of the packaging machine. For example, say the packaging machine is only able to prepare 100 packets per hour.
   • Constraint 2 – The number of Chocolates, Candied Nuts and Chewing Gums available to the packaging machine per hour.
     • For example, say the packaging machine has the capacity to prepare 10,000 packets per hour but only 30 chocolates come into the packaging machine in one hour. This means, the packaging machine can only produce 10 packets in one hour (since each packet must contain 3 chocolates). This will be the case if the number of Candied Nuts and Chewing Gums is not a limiting factor.
     • Now assume a further scenario where only 30 chocolates, 8 candied nuts and 10 chewing gums come into the packaging machine per hour. In this case, the packaging machine can only produce 2 packets per hour (since each packet must contain 4 candied nuts). The number of candied nuts proved to a limiting factor in this scenario.
2. So, our approach will be to first find the number of Chocolates, Candied Nuts and Chewing Gums available to the packaging machine per hour (as inferred in the Given section, this number is equal to 80% of the respective production rates of these 3 items)
3. Next, we’ll find which of these 3 items acts as a limiting factor, and will find the number of packets that are produced per hour in the case of the limiting factor.

Working out:

• So, each hour the packaging machine gets 600 Chocolates, 780 Candied Nuts and 460 Chewing Gums.
  • Once again, remember that each packet contains 3 Chocolates, 4 Candied Nuts and 2 Chewing Gums.
• So, the maximum number of packets that can be packaged in 1 hour =
  Min (600 / 3, 780 / 4, 460 / 2)
  = Min (200, 195, 230)
  = 195  
  • Note that Candied Nuts acted as a limiting factor in the number of packets produced per hour.
• So, given the current production (and quality check failing) rates of Chocolates, Candied Nuts and Chewing Gums, the maximum number of packets that can be produced per hour is 195.
  • The production will be 195 packets per hour if the processing capacity of the packaging machine is not the limiting factor (that is, Constraint 1 doesn’t come into play, as in the example we considered above where the machine was even capable of packaging 10,000 packets per hour but was limited in its actual output by the number of Chocolates, Candied Nuts and Chewing Gums that were available to it per hour)
  • However, if the processing capacity of the packaging machine is the limiting factor, then the actual number of packets produced will be less than 195.
  • For example, say the packaging machine can only process 50 packets in 1 hour. Then, even though it is getting enough Chocolates, Candied Nuts and Chewing Gums to be able to pack 195 packets in one hour, it will only be able to pack 50 packets in 1 hour (resulting in a huge stockpiling of Chocolates, Candied Nuts and Chewing Gums at the site of the packaging machine!)
• Thus, the number of packets produced per hour will be less than or equal to 195.
• Out of the 3 given values, the only value possible is Value 1 (195)
  Looking at the answer choices, we see that the correct answer is Option A

Given:

• Let Machine A take a minutes to copy x pages
  So, A’s rate, R_A = x / a pages per minute
  This rate is constant
• So, Machine B take a + 6 minutes to copy x pages
  So, B’s rate, R_B = x / a + b pages per minute
  This rate is constant
• Time taken by A and B together to copy 7x pages) = 20 minutes

To Find: Time taken by A alone to copy 2x pages

Approach:
1. Time taken by A alone to copy 2x pages
= 2x / A’s rate = 2x / x / a = 2a minutes

2. We’re given the combined output of A and B and the time taken for this output. Using this data, we can find the combined rate of A and B.
Then, we’ll use the equation (Combined Rate of A and B) = (Rate of A) + (Rate of B) to get an equation in terms of a.

Working out:

• When A and B operate simultaneously, 7x pages take 20 minutes
  • So, Combined Rate = 7x / 20 pages per minute
• Therefore, 7x / 20 = x / a + x / a + 6
  7 / 20 = 1 / a + 1 / a + 6
  7a ( a + 6) = 20(a + 6 + a)
  7a² + 42a = 40a + 120
  7a² + 2a - 120 = 0
  7a² - 28a + 30a - 120 = 0
  7a(a - 4) + 30(a - 4) = 0
  (7a + 30)(a - 4) =0
  So, a = -30 / 7 or a = 4
• The negative root is rejected since time cannot be negative.
• So, a = 4 minutes
• Therefore, Required Time = 2a = 2*4 = 8 minutes

Looking at the answer choices, we see that the correct answer is Option B

Given:

• Number of emails answered by Peter in 1 hour = 25
• Number of emails answered by Mark in 1 hour = 25 + 40% of 25
• Time taken by John to answer 25 emails =
  (1 - 1 / 6) = 5 / 6 hours

To Find: Percentage by which Peter should increase his speed so that all 3 can answer 1 / 6th more emails than they currently do?

Approach:
1. (Percentage by which Peter should increase his speed) = Extra number of emails that he needs to answer per hour / Current number of emails answered per hour * 100

2. So, to find the percentage by which Peter should increase his speed, we should first find the extra number of emails that he needs to answer.
3. For finding the extra number of emails that he needs to answer, we need to find the total number of emails currently answered by Peter, John and Mark together in 1 hour and number of increased emails they need to answer together.

• We are given the number of emails answered by Peter and Mark in 1 hour.
• As we know that John can answer 25 email in 5/6  hours, we can find the number of emails answered by John in 1 hour

Working out:

1. Number of emails answered by Mark in 1 hour = 25 + 40% of 25 = 25 + 10 = 35
2. Number of emails answered by John in 1 hour = 
   25 * 6 / 5 = 30
3.  So, the number of emails currently being answered by Peter, mark and John combined = 25 + 35 + 30 = 90
4. Number of emails they should answer in case of 1/6 increase = 90 + 1 / 6 * 90 = 105  emails
5. As there are 105 – 90 = 15 more emails that need to answered, these should be answered by Peter.
6. So, Peter should answer 15 more emails per hour
   • Hence, Peter’s speed should increase by 
     15 / 25 * 100 = 60%

So, Peter should increase his speed by 60%

Step 1 & 2: Understand Question and Draw Inference

• Work done = Number of items produced by John = n
• Time taken = Time taken to produce n items = t hours
• Therefore, Rate of work done = Number of items produced in 1 hour = n/t

To Find: Value of n

Step 3 : Analyze Statement 1 independent 

(1) If John produces 4 more items per hour, he would take 1 / 4 th  lesser time to produce n units of the item.

• New Rate of Work = New Number of items produced per hour = n / t + 4
• New Time taken to produce n items = t – t / 4 = 3t / 4
• Number of items produced = n
• (Number of items produced) = (New Rate)*(New Time)

n = 3t / 4 * (n / t + 4)
n = 3n / 4 + 3t 
n / 4 = 3t
n = 12t

However, we do not know the value of t, hence we cannot find the value of n.

Insufficient to answer

Step 4 : Analyze Statement 2 independent

(2) If John increases his rate of production by 25 percent, the time taken by him to produce n items would be 80 percent of the original time.
 

• New Rate of producing items Work = 1.25 * n / t
• New Time taken to produce n items = 0.8t
• Number of items produced = n
• (Number of items produced) = (New Rate)*(New Time)

n = 0.8 t  * (1.22 * n / t)
n = (1.25 * 0.8) n
1 = 1

Thus, there is no new information given. Insufficient to answer

Step 5: Analyze Both Statements Together (if needed)

1. n = 12t
2. No new information given

As statement-2 does not provide us any new information, the combination of the statements is insufficient to answer the question.

Given:

• Rate of transmission of 12 identical cables = x bits per minute
• Rate of transmission is constant
   

To Find: Number of bits (in terms of x) transmitted by 27 identical cables in 25 seconds

Approach:

1. Required number of bits = 27*(Number of bits transmitted by 1 cable in 25 seconds)
   • = 27*(Number of bits transmitted by 1 cable in 1 second) *25
2. So, to answer the question, we need to find the number of bits transmitted by 1 cable in 1 second

Working out:

• Finding the number of bits transmitted by 1 cable in 1 second
• 12 cables in 60 seconds transmit x bits
• 1 cable in 60 seconds transmits x / 12 bits
• 1 cable in 1 second transmits x / 12 * 60 bits
• Finding the Required value
• Required number of bits
  = 27 * x / 12 * 60 * 25 = 3 * (x / 4 * 20) * 25 = 3(x / 4 * 4) * 5 = 15x / 16 bi

Looking at the answer choices, we see that the correct answer is Option A

Given:

• Outlet A can fill a swimming pool in 12 hours
• Outlet B can fill the same swimming pool in 18 hours
• Outlet A was opened at 7 AM
  • Outlet A was closed at 2 PM
  • No water flow between 10:30 AM -11:30 AM, i.e. 1 hour
• Outlet B was opened at 10 AM
  • Outlet B was closed at 4 PM

To Find: Percentage of swimming pool that is filled?

Approach:
1. Percentage of swimming pool filled = Percentage of swimming pool filled by outlet A + Percentage of swimming pool filled by B
a. Percentage of swimming pool filled by outlet A = Rate of outlet A * Time for which outlet A was opened / Total volume of swimming pool

b. As outlet A working alone can fill the entire swimming pool in 12 hours, we can write the volume of swimming pool = Rate of outlet
A * 11
c. So, The Percentage of swimming pool filled by outlet A = Rate of outlet A * Time for which outlet A was opened / Total volume of swimming pool

d. So, The Percentage of swimming pool filled by outlet B = Rate of outlet B * Time for which outlet B was opened / Total volume of swimming pool

e. As outlet B working alone can fill the entire swimming pool in 18 hours, we can write the volume of swimming pool = Rate of outlet
A * 18
f. So, The Percentage of swimming pool filled by outlet B = Rate of outlet B * Time for which outlet B was opened / Total volume of swimming pool

2. As, we are given the time for which outlets A and B were open, we can find the percentage of swimming pool filled by outlet A and B

Working out:

1. Outlet A

a. Time at which outlet A was opened = 7 AM
b. Time for which outlet A was closed = 2 PM
c. However, outlet did not work for 1 hour between 10:30 AM - 11:30 AM
d. Hence outlet A worked for 7 – 1 = 6 hours
e. So, percentage of swimming pool filled by outlet A in 6 hours = 6/12 = 50% of the swimming pool

2. Outlet B
a. Time at which outlet B was opened = 10 AM
b. Time for which outlet B was closed = 4 PM
c. Time for which outlet B worked = 4 PM – 10 AM = 6 hours
d. So, percentage of swimming pool filled by outlet B in 6 hours = 6/18 = 33% of the swimming pool

3. Therefore, outlet A and B working for 6 hours each can fill (50% +33%) = 83% of the entire swimming pool

Given:

• Let the production rate of one machine = r units per day
• Number of machines working = 30
• Number of items produced by 30 machines = n/2 units
• Time taken by 30 machines to produce n/2 items = 15 days

To Find: Number of machines needed to produce 2n units of the item in 45 days

Approach:

1. Let the number of machines needed be x
2. Production rate of one machine = r units per day
   • Production rate of x machines = rx units per day
3. We know that Work = Rate * Time
4. So, 2n = r * 45 * x
   • ​​x = 2n / 45 r....(1)​
   • For finding the value of x, we need to either find the values of n and r, or the ratio n/r
5. As we are given the time taken by 30 machines to produce n/2 items, we can use this information to find the value of n/r.

Working out:
1. Work done by 30 machines = n / 2
2.Time taken = 15 days 
3. So, we can write n / 2 = r * 15 * 30
n / r = 900
4. Substituting the value of n / 2 in equation (1), we have
X = 2 / 45 * 900 = 40
5. So, it will take 40 machines to produce 2n units of the item in 45 days

• Given:
• Length of rectangular tank = 30 meters
• Breadth of rectangular tank = 20 meters
• Height of rectangular tank = 10 meters
• Time taken by tap-1 to fill the entire tank = 60 hours
• Time taken by tap-2 to fill the entire tank = 90 hours
• Holes are at a height of 2 meters
  • Height of first hole from the base = 2 meters
  • Height of 2^nd hole from the base = 4 meters
  • Height of 3^rd hole from the base = 6 meters
  • Height of 4^th hole from the base = 8 meters

• Rate of water outflow from each hole = 10m³ per hour

To Find: Time taken to fill the empty tank completely if both the taps are opened?

Approach:

1. Work done = Rate * Time taken
   • We know that work done is to fill the entire tank
   • So, for finding the time taken, we need to find the rate of doing work.
2. Rate of doing work = Rate of inflow by both the taps – Rate of outflow by the holes
3. Rate of Inflow
   1. As we are given the time taken by both the taps individually to fill the tank, we can find the combined rate of ttaps to fill the tank.
      • Combined rate of the taps = Rate of tap-I + Rate of tap-II
4. Rate of Outflow
   • However, the rate of outflow will not be constant throughout the tank, as it will depend on the number of holes from which the water is flowing out.
     • For example, increasing the water level in tank from 2 meters to 4 meters will have a different rate than increasing the water level from 4 metres to 6 meters. This is because the number of holes from which the water is outflowing is different in both the cases.
     • So, we will need to find the time taken separately to fill the tank between each of the holes
5. Once we know the rate of inflow and the rate of outflow between each consecutive hole, we can find the net rate = Rate of inflow – Rate of outflow.
6. Using the net rate, we can find the time taken to fill the tank between each consecutive hole.
7. So, the total time taken to fill the tank = Sum of time taken to fill the tank between each consecutive hole.

Working out:

1. Total work to do done = Total volume to be filled = Volume of tank = 30 *20 *10 = 6000 m³

2. Rate of Inflow

a. Time taken by tap-I to fill the entire tank = 60 hours

i. Rate of water inflow from tap-I = 6000 / 60 = 100 m³per hour

b. Time taken by tap-I to fill the entire tank = 90 hours

i. Rate of water inflow from tap-I = 6000 / 90 = 200 / 3 m³per hour

c. Total rate of water inflow = 100 + 200 / 3 = 500 / 3 m³per hour

3. Time Taken :

•  As the holes are at an interval of 2 meters, we will calculate the time taken for 2 meters at a time.
  • Hence the volume of water needed for increasing the height of the water by 2 meters in the tank  30 *20*2 m³

• The time taken to fill the tank up to 2 metres of height will be
  = Vol. of water needed / rate of water filled by the taps = 30 x 20 x 2 / 500 / 3 = 36 / 5 ~7 hours

• For the next 2 metres of height, the time taken would be
  = 30 x 20 x 2 / 500 / 3 – 10 = 30 x 20 x 2 x 3 / 470 = 360 / 47 ~ 360 / 45 ~ 8 hours

• We have subtracted 10 in the net rate because from 1 hole there would be outflow of water at a rate of 10 m³ per hour

• For the next 2 metres of height, the time taken would be
  = 30 x 20 x 2 / 500 / 3 – 10 = 30 x 20 x 2 x 3 / 440 = 90 / 11 ~ 8 hours

• We have subtracted 10*2 in the net rate because from 2 holes there would be outflow of water each at a rate of 10 m³ per hour
• For the next 2 metres of height, the time taken would be
  = 30 x 20 x 2 / 500 / 3 – 10 = 30 x 20 x 2 x 3 / 410 = 360 / 41 ~ 360 / 40 ~ 9 hours
• We have subtracted 10*3 in the net rate because from 3 holes there would be outflow of water each at a rate of 10 m³ per hour
• For the next 2 metres of height, the time taken would be
  = 30 x 20 x 2 / 500 / 3 – 10 = 30 x 20 x 2 x 3 / 380 = 180 / 19 ~ 180 / 18 ~ 10 hours
• We have subtracted 10*4 in the net rate because from 4 holes there would be outflow of water each at a rate of 10 m³ per hour
  4. Hence the total time taken would be ~ 7 +8+8+9+10 = 42 hours.

Step 1 & 2: Understand Question and Draw Inference

Given: Number of machines = 4
Let the rate of production for each machine = R units per hour

• So, the number of units produced by 4 machines in 1 hour = 4R

Let the batch size be B units

• Time taken by 4 machines to make 4R units = 1 hour
• So, time taken by 4 machines to make 1 unit = 1 4R  hours
• So, the time taken by 4 machines to produce B units =B4R hours

To Find: Did the machines finish the batch before 3:30 PM
Time from 2 PM (start time) to 3:30 PM
= 1 hour 30 minutes = 1 + 1 / 2 hours = 3 / 2 hours
So, we need to find: Is B / 4R < 3 / 2?
That is, Is B / R < 6

Step 3 : Analyze Statement 1 independent

Statement 1 says that ‘The batch size was between 200 and 210 units, inclusive
of the item’

• So, 200 ≤ B ≤ 210
• However, since we do not know the value of R yet, we cannot answer the question
• Statement 1 is not sufficient

Step 4 : Analyze Statement 2 independent

Statement 2 says that ‘One machine could manufacture between 30 and 50 units, inclusive, of the item in 1 hour’

• So, 30 ≤ R ≤ 50
• However, since we do not know the value of B yet, we cannot answer the question
• Statement 2 is not sufficient

Step 5: Analyze Both Statements Together (if needed)

• From Statement 1: 200 ≤ B ≤ 210
• From Statement 2: 30 ≤ R ≤ 50
• Therefore, the minimum possible value of

B / R = Minimum possible value of B / Maximum possible value of R = 200 / 50 = 4
And, the maximum possible value of
B / R = Maximum possible value of B / Minimum possible value of R = 210 / 30 = 4

• Thus, by combining the 2 statements, we see that the value of B/R lies between 4 and 7, inclusive
• So, the answer to the question ‘Is Is B / R < 6 may be YES or NO, depending on the particular values of B and R
• So, the 2 statements together are not sufficient to answer the question

Given:

• Let the volume of the container be S liters
• Since the container is completely filled with the sugar solution, the volume of sugar solution will also be S liters
  • Volume of water = 0.7S
  • Volume of sugar syrup = 0.3S
• Rate of water outflow = x cubic centimeters per hour
  • Water can be drained out completely in 14 hours
• Rate of sugar syrup outflow = y cubic centimeters per half an hour
  • Rate of sugar syrup outflow = 2y cubic centimeters per hour x: y = 5:1

To Find: Time taken for container to be empty, if both the holes are opened simultaneously?

Approach:

1. As both the holes are opened simultaneously, the time taken to empty the container = Max( Time taken for sugar syrup to drain completely, Time taken for water to drain completely)
2. So, we need to find the individual time taken for both water and sugar syrup to drain out completely
   • As we are given the time taken for water to drain out completely, we need to find the time taken for sugar syrup to drain out completely
3. Time taken for sugar syrup to drain completely = 
   Volume of sugar syrup / Rate of sugar syrup outflow = 0.3S / 2y hours
   • So, we need to find either the values of S and y or the ratio S/Y
4. Now, we are given that x : y = 5: 1, so if we can find the ratio of S/X, we can find the ratio of S/Y
5. Also, since we know that water can be drained out completely in 14 hours, we can calculate the ratio of S/X by using

a. Time taken for water to drain out completely = Volume of water / Rate of water outflow = 14 hours
​

Working out:
1. Time taken for water to drain out completely = Volume of water / Rate of water outflow = 14 hours
a. 0.7S / = 14
b. S / x = 20
2. As x : y = 5 : 1,we can write x = 5y.
a. S / 5y = 20 i.e. S / y = 100

3. Hence, Time taken for sugar syrup to drain completely
= Volume of sugar syrup / Rate of sugar syrup outflow = 0.3 S / 2y = 0.3 / 2 * 100 = 15 hours

4. So, let’s compare the time taken for water and sugar syrup to drain out completely
a. Time taken for water to drain out completely = 14 hours
b. Time taken for sugar syrup to drain out completely = 15 hours
5. Hence, the time taken for the container to be empty = Max( 14, 15) = 15 hours
Therefore, the container would be completely empty in 15 hours

Given:

• Generation-I Robot
  • Time taken to manufacture a product = 30 hours
• Generation-II Robot
  • Time taken to manufacture the product = 20 hours
• To Find: Possible combinations of number of generation-I and II robots such that the product manufacturing time ≥ 5 hours
• Let the number of generation-I robots be x and number of generation-II robots be y

Approach:

1. We need to find the possible combination of the values of (x, y).
2. As we are given that the time taken for x generation-I and y generation-II robots should be greater than equal to 5 hours, we will formula an inequality in time taken for x generation robots and y generation-II robots to evaluate the possible combination of (x, y)
3. As Work = Rate * Time, for finding the time taken by the robots, we would need to find the work done and the rate
4. Number of products to be produced = 1
5. Now, we know that rate of production of n robots = n * rate of production of 1 robot.
6. So, once we find the rate of production of 1 robot for each generation, we can find the rate of production of x generation-I robots and y generation-II robots respectively.
7. As we are given the time taken by 1 generation-I robot and 1 generation-II robot to produce 1 product each, we can find the rate of production for robots of both generations.

Working out:

Generation-I
a. Work Done = 1 product
b. Time taken = 30 hours
c. Rate of manufacturing products = products per hour

Generation-II
a. Work Done = 1 product
b. Time taken = 20 hours
c. Rate of manufacturing products = 1/20 products per hour
3. Let’s assume there are x generation-I robots and y generation-II robots working together to produce 1 unit of product
a. So, work done = 1 product

b. Rate of x generation-I robots  = 
X * 1 / 30 = x / 30 products per hour

c. Rate of y generation-II robots = 
y * 1 / 20 = y / 20 product per hour
d. So, time taken = 1 / x / 30 + y / 30 hours

4. As the time taken ≥ 5 hours, we can write
1 / x + 30 + y / 30 ≥ 5
60 / 2x + 3y ≥ 5
2x + 3y ≤ 12

5. So, the possible combinations of {x, y} can be:
a. If y = 1, x = {1,2,3,4} – 4 options
b. If y = 2, x = {1,2,3} – 3 options
c. If x = 1, y = {1,2,3} – 3 options
d. However {x, y} = {1,1} and {1,2} is repeated.

6. So, we have a total of 10 -2 = 8 possible options
a. Please note that we have not considered x, y = 0 as we are given that at-least 1 robot of each generation should be working

Answer  : E

Given:

• Average number of items produced per day by machine A , R_a (x) = ax(x + 1)
  • x is the number of consecutive days worked and a is a constant
  • Machine A produced 232 items when it worked for two intervals of 3 consecutive days and 4 consecutive days
• Average number of items produced per day by machine B, R_b (x) = bx(x-1)
  • x is the number of consecutive days worked and b is a constant
  • Machine B produced 90 more items when it worked for 4 consecutive days than when it worked for 3 consecutive days

To Find: Number of items produced by machine A and B working together for 10 consecutive days

Approach:

1. We know that Number of items produced = Rate of producing items * Time taken
   • As we are given the time taken to be 10 days, we need to find the rate of producing items for both machines A and B, i.e. we need to find the values of R_a (x) and R_b (x)
2. For finding the values of R (x) and R (x), we need to find the values of a and b, i.e. we need an equation each in a and b.
3. As we are given the number of items produced by machine A in a certain time interval and the number of items produced by machine B in a certain time interval, we will use this information to find the values of a and b.

Working out:

1. Rate of producing items of machine A
   • Number of items produced working for 3 consecutive days = ax(x+1)*x = 3a(3+1) * 3 = 36a
   • Number of items produced working for 4 consecutive days = ax(x+1)*x= 4a(4+1) * 4 = 80a
   •  So, total number of items produced = 36a +80a = 116a = 232
   • a = 2
2. Rate of producing items of machine B
   • Number of items produced working for 4 consecutive days = bx(x-1)*x = 4a(4-1) * 4 = 48b
   • Number of items produced working for 3 consecutive days = bx(x-1)*x = 3a(3-1) * 3 = 18b
   • So, extra items produced = 48b – 18b = 30b = 90
   • b = 3
3. Number of items produced by machine A working for 10 consecutive days = ax(x+1)*x = 2*10 *(10+1)*10 = 2200
4. Number of items produced by machine B working for 10 consecutive days = bx(x-1)*x = 3*10*(10-1)*10 = 2700
5. Total number of items produced by machine A and machine B working together for 10 consecutive days = 2200 + 2700 = 4900

Answer : C 

Step 1 & 2: Understand Question and Draw Inference

• Let’s assume John reads x pages on the first day.
  • Number of pages read by John on second day = 2x
  • Number of pages read by John on the third day = 2² x
  • Number of pages read by John on 4th day = 2³ x
  • Number of pages read by John on 5th day = 2⁴ x
• Total pages read by John in 5 days = x +2x +4x +8x +16x = 31x
• Number of pages in the book = 400

To Find: Is 31x ≥ 400 ?

• If Yes, then John will have finished the book before 6 day. So, he will not be reading the book on the 6 day
• If No, then John will still be reading the book on the 6 day
• The inequality above simplified to:
• Is x ≥ 400 / 31
• That is , Is x > 12 + 28 / 31

Step 3 : Analyze Statement 1 independent

• On the fifth day of reading the book, John reads more than 180 pages
  • Number of pages read on 5 day = 16 x> 180.
    • x > 11
    • So, x = 12 < 12. Something or x = 13 > 12.something
• Insufficient to answer

Step 4 : Analyze Statement 2 independent

(2) John reads 52 more pages on the fourth day of reading the book than he reads on the third day

• Number of pages read on third day = 4x
• Number of pages read on fourth day = 8x
• Extra number of pages read on the fourth day compared to the third day = 8x – 4x = 4x

4x = 52, i.e. x = 13

Therefore, the answer to the question
‛Is x > 12 + 28 / 31 ?’ is YES  

Sufficient to answer.

Step 5: Analyze Both Statements Together (if needed)

As we have a unique answer from step-4, this step is not required.

Answer: B

Given:

• Let the rate of machine A be x units of work per hour
  • Therefore the rate of machine B = 2x units of ork per hour
• Let the total amount of work to be done be W units
  • Time taken by machines A and B working together to complete
    W / 3 units of work = 3 hours
• Machine A works alone for 18 hours

To Find: Time taken by machine B to complete the remaining work

Approach:

1. We know that Work = Rate * Time
​a. So, Remaining work = Rate of machine B * Time taken
b. Therefore, Time taken = Remaining Work / Rate of machine B

c. So, to find the time taken, we either need to find the amount of remaining work and the rate of machine B or the ratio of 
Remaining Work / Rate of machine B

2. For finding the remaining work, we need to find the amount of work done by machine A in 18 hours

• Remaining work = W – work done by machine A in 18 hours
• Work done by machine A in 18 hours = Rate of machine A * 18
  • As, rate of machine A is in terms of x, work done by machine A in 18 hours can be expressed in terms of x
• Remaining work = W – work done by machine A in 18 hours
  • This will be an expression in terms of W and x. As the rate of machine B is in terms of x, we need to express W also in 
    terms of x to find the ratio = Remaining Work / Rate of machine B

3. We are given that machines A and B working together take 3 hours to  complete W/3  units of work.

•  We will use the above relation to express W in terms of x

Working out:

1. Machines A and B working together take 3 hours to complete W/3 units of work

a. W / 3 = (x + 2x) * 3, i.e. W = 27x

2. Amount of work done by machine A working alone for 18 hours = x * 18 = 18x

3. Remaining work = W – 18x = 27x – 18x = 9x
4. Amount of time taken by machine B to complete the remaining work = 
9x / 2x = 4.5 hours 

Answer : C

Given:

• Let rate of machine N be n widgets per hour and let the rate of Machine M be m widgets per hour
• m ≠ n
• Number of widgets produced by M in 10 hours = 1000
• Number of widgets produced by M and N together in 6 hours 40 minutes = 2000

To Find: Time taken by N to produce 3000 widgets

Approach:
1. Required Time = 3000 / n hours

• So, to answer the question, we need to know the value of n

2. We are given the Combined output of M and N in 6 hours 40 minutes. From this piece of information, we can find the combined Rate of M and N

a. Combined Rate of M and N = m + n
b. So, n = (Combined Rate of M and N) – m
c. Therefore, we need to find not only the Combined Rate of M and N, but also the value of m

3. We’re given the output of M alone in 10 hours. From this piece of information, we can find the value of m.

Working out:

• Finding the Combined Rate of M and N
• Combined Rate of M and N (in widgets per hour)

= Combined output of M and N / Time taken (in hours)
= 2000 widgets / 6 hours 40 minutes
= 6 hours 40 minutes = 6 + 40 / 60 hours = 6 + 2 / 3 hours
= 20 / 3 hours

So, Combined Rate of M and N = 2000 / 20 / 3 = 300 widgets per hour

Finding m
m (in widgets per hour) = Output of Machine M / Time taken (in hours)
= 1000 widgets / 10 hours
= 100 widgets per hour

• Finding n
  • n = (300 – 100) widgets per hour = 200 widgets per hour

Find the Required Time
Required Time = 3000 / 200 hours
= 15 hours

Looking at the answer choices, we see that the correct answer is Option E

Given:

• The information given in the question can be visualized as under:

​

• Let the length and the breadth (of the base) of the reservoir be L and B, and let its height be H
• So, volume of reservoir = LBH = V(say)
• And, Volume of water in the reservoir = LBH / 5 = V / 5
• Time taken to drain the water in the reservoir is 1 hour

• S, rate of draining =

Volume to be drained / Time for draining = V / 5 volume units per hour​

• Time taken to fill the reservoir completely (when  V/5 water is already there) is 2 hours

• So, rate of filling =

Volume to be filled / Time for filling = 4V / 5 / 2 = 2V / 5 volume units per hour​

To Find: Time taken to fill the reservoir if outlet is unplugged 30 minutes after inlet is opened

Approach:
1. Time taken(to go from V / 5 volume of water to V volume of water in the reservoir) = 30 minutes +
Volume that remains to be filled after 30minutes of inlet / Nat Rate of filling

• Here, 30 minutes is the time for which only the inlet pipe is opened
• (Volume that remains to be filled after 30 minutes of inlet) = (Volume that initially needed to be filled) – (Volume of water pumped in through the inlet in 30 minutes)
• And, Net Rate of Filling = Rate of Filling – Rate of Draining

Working out:

• Finding the Volume that Remains to be filled after 30 minutes of inlet
  • (Volume that remains to be filled after 30 minutes of inlet) = (Volume that initially needed to be filled) – (Volume of water pumped in through the inlet in 30 minutes)

  • = 4V / 5 – (Rate of filling) * (30 / 60 hour)

  • = 4V / 5 – (2V / 5) (1 / 2)

  • = 4V / 5 – V / 5

  • = 3V / 5 volume units

• Finding the Net Rate of filling

• Rate of filling = 2V / 5 volume units per hour

• Rate of Draining = V / 5 volume units per hour

So, Net Rate of filling =
2V / 5 – V / 5 volume units per hour = V / 5 volume units per ho

• Finding the Time Taken

Total time taken = 30 minutes + 3V / 5 / V / 5 hours
= 30 minutes + 3 hours
That is, 3 hours 30 minutes

Looking at the answer choices, we see that the correct answer is Option B

Given:

• Number of people in the queue when the store opened = 60
• 1 person joins the queue every 3 minutes
  • So, Queue Joining Rate = 1 person per 3 minutes
• Constant service rate = 30 people per hour
  • So, 30 people exit the queue each hour

To Find: Number of people in the queue 4 hours after the store opened

Approach:

1. Number of people in the queue 4 hours after the store opened = (Number of people in the queue when the store opened) + (Number of people who join the queue in 4 hours) – (Number of people who exit the queue in 4 hours)
   • Number of people who join the queue in 4 hours = (Queue Joining Rate, in terms of people per hour)* 4
   • (Number of people who exit the queue in 4 hours) = (Service Rate, in terms of people per hour)*4
2. We’re already given the number of people in the queue when the store opened and the Service Rate, in terms of people per hour. So, the only piece of information that we need to find is the Queue Joining Rate, in terms of people per hour

Working out:

• Finding Queue Joining Rate, in terms of people per hour
  • Number of people who join in 3 minutes = 1
  • Number of people who join in 60 minutes  = 1 / 3 * 60 = 20
  • So, the Queue Joining Rate = 20 persons per hour
• Finding the Required Value
   
  • Number of people in the queue 4 hours after the store opened = (Number of people in the queue when the store opened) + (Number of people who join the queue in 4 hours) – (Number of people who exit the queue in 4 hours)
  • Number of people in the queue 4 hours after the store opened = 60 + 20*4 – 30*4
    • = 60 – 10*4
    • =60 – 40
    • = 20

Looking at the answer choices, we see that the correct answer is Option A

If A completes a work in 1 day, B completes the same work in 3 days
Hence, if the difference is 2 days, B can complete the work in 3 days
=> if the difference is 60 days, B can complete the work in 90 days
=> Amount of work B can do in 1 day= 1/90
Amount of work A can do in 1 day = 3 × (1/90) = 1/30 
Amount of work A and B can together do in 1 day = 1/90 + 1/30 = 4/90 = 2/45
=> A and B together can do the work in 45/2 days = 22 ½ days

Amount of work A can do in 1 day = 1/6
Amount of work B can do in 1 day = 1/8
Amount of work A + B can do in 1 day = 1/6 + 1/8 = 7/24
Amount of work A + B + C can do = 1/3
Amount of work C can do in 1 day = 1/3 - 7/24 = 1/24
work A can do in 1 day: work B can do in 1 day: work C can do in 1 day 
= 1/6 : 1/8 : 1/24 = 4 : 3 : 1
Amount to be paid to C = 3200 × (1/8) = 400

Let work done by 1 man in 1 day = m and work done by 1 woman in 1 day = b
Work done by 6 men and 8 women in 1 day = 1/10 
=> 6m + 8b = 1/10
=> 60m + 80b = 1 --- (1)
Work done by 26 men and 48 women in 1 day = 1/2 
=> 26m + 48b = ½
=> 52m + 96b = 1--- (2)
Solving equation 1 and equation 2. We get m = 1/100 and b = 1/200
Work done by 15 men and 20 women in 1 day 
= 15/100 + 20/200 =1/4
=> Time taken by 15 men and 20 women in doing the work = 4 days