UGC NET Environmental Science Mock - 1 - UGC NET MCQ

Ecological succession is a natural development of a series of biotic communities at the same time, one after the other till a climax community develops which does not change further and is in perfect harmony with the environment of that area.

In case of lithosphere, succession on a bare rock goes like this

Lichen stage -Moss stage--Annual stage--Perennial stage--Shrub stage--Climax community

A trick to remember this is: LMAPSC (Lot Many APS(apps) in Computer)

Statement1. Degree of biodiversity means the richness it possesses. With more perturbation and heterogeneity, chances of richness of biodiversity increases as the number increases and along with it, the variety increases. There are so many factors that affect the degree of biodiversity as Vegetation, Altitude, Latitude and Longitude, Rainfall pattern and Evolution. Hence it is correct

Statement2. Biodiversity increases when we move from high latitude to low latitude. That is why tropics are rich in biodiversity.

Countries usually agree to limit the temperature rise to 1.5 to 2 degree Celsius as compared to pre-industrial times.

Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms to degrade the environmental contaminants into less toxic forms

Correct match is:

Marine protected areas are designated for conservation of marine ecosystems and therefore, human activities are regulated. Activities such as commercial fishing, may also be prohibited.

Countries can declare marine protected areas and also decide on the activities prohibited or regulated in them.

Ross sea, in Antarctica is the largest marine protected area declared by Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) protecting it from commercial fishing for 35 years.

The Ross Sea is also home to huge numbers of krill, a staple food for species including whales and seals. Their oil is critical for salmon farming.

Benefits from marine protected areas include-

•  Maintaining biodiversity and providing refuges for endangered and commercial species
•  Protecting critical habitats from damage by destructive fishing practices and other human activities and allowing them to recover
•  Providing areas where fish are able to reproduce, spawn and grow to their adult size
•  Increasing fish catches (both size and quantity) in surrounding fishing grounds
•  Building resilience to protect against damaging external impacts, such as climate change
•  Helping to maintain local cultures, economies, and livelihoods which are intricately linked to the marine environment

Also known as the addressee. Message: The actual information or signal sent from a sender to a receiver. ... Feedback: Information about a message that a receiver sends back to the sender; the receiver's reaction or response to a communique.

Hence, The correct answer is B.

Cat fish is an example of "bottom feeders".

Hence, The correct answer is A.

Total solid waste generated = 2kg x 2 x 10⁵

 = 400000 kg

For 25 years, total solid waste generated = 400000 x 365 x 25

= 3.65 x10⁹ kg

Volume of uncompacted SW = 3.65 x 10⁹ / 100 = 3.65 x 10⁷ m³

Compaction ratio = 4 = 

Volume of SW after compaction = 3.65 x 10⁷/4 = 9125000 m³

Cover = 0.5 x 9125000 = 4562500 m³

Total Volume = 9125000 + 4562500 = 13687500 m³ = 13.6875 m³  ≈ 13.7 m³

Hence, The correct answer is C.

Inductive reasoning begins with observations that are specific and limited in scope, and proceeds to a generalized conclusion that is likely, but not certain, in light of accumulated evidence. You could say that inductive reasoning moves from the specific to the general.

Hence, The correct answer is B.

UNEP plays a coordinating, advisory, and servicing role in the working of the Convention (CITES). The CITES Secretariat is administered by The United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP) which is located at Geneva, Switzerland.

Hence option B is correct.

A permeable rock that contains hydrocarbon fluids and gases is called a/an oil reservoir.

Hence option C is correct.

Among all the Biosphere Reserves given in the options Simlipal Biosphere Reserve, Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve, and Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve are included in the List of India’s Biosphere Reserves in UNESCO’S WNBR based on the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme.

Hence option C is correct.

A famous pilgrim centre, Rameswaram, which finds place in the epic Ramayana is situated in the Gulf.

Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve was included in Man And Biosphere Programme of UNESCO in 2001.

Hence option C is correct.

Ecology is the branch of biology, that deals with the inter-relationships amongst organism and interactions between organisms and their environment.

Hence option A is correct.

The bio-toilets have been developed by Indian Railways with the help of DRDO. The human excreta in the bio-toilets is treated through anaerobic digestion process. The bio toilet reduces the solid human waste to biogas and pure water.  World’s first Bio-Vacuum toilet was developed by IR and is being used in Dibrugarh-Rajdhani Express

Hence option D is the correct answer

Some of the animals found in the tundra are reindeer, musk ox, arctic hare, caribous, lemmings, and squirrel. Mammals of the tundra region have a large body size, small tail, and small ear to avoid the loss of heat from the surface.

Hence option B is the correct answer.

Near sunrise a radiation temperature inversion best be developed.

Hence option B is the correct answer.

Water pollution can cause the outbreak of jaundice. Jaundice is caused by the organism Seriola quinqueradiata. The disease is characterised by yellow colorations of the skin, these yellow colourations are majorly due to the build-up of bilirubin in the blood.

Hence option C is the correct answer.

Community ecology refers to the study of the interactions among a collections of species that inhabit the same geographic area. Community ecologists study the determinants of patterns and processes for two or more interacting species.

Hence option B is the correct answer.

Pressure is defined as the force exerted on a surface divided by the area over which that force acts.

Hence. The correct answer is D.

The lowest temperature is usually observed around sunrise.

Hence. The correct answer is D.

Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area. Weather can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to-month or even year-to-year.

Hence. The correct answer is B.

About one-half of the meteorologists and atmospheric scientists in the United States work in the field of weather forecasting.

Hence. The correct answer is B.

Valuable, practical services that help to preserve ecosystem performed by nature are called ecosystem service.

Hence. The correct answer is A.

In North America temperate grasslands are called prairies.

Hence. The correct answer is B.

Sedimentation is the tendency for particles in suspension to settle out of the fluid in which they are entrained and come to rest against a barrier. This is due to their motion through the fluid in response to the forces acting on them: these forces can be due to gravity, centrifugal acceleration, or electromagnetism.

Hence. The correct answer is A.

The units of measure for radioactivity are the curie (Ci) and becquerel (Bq). Exposure describes the amount of radiation traveling through the air. Many radiation monitors measure exposure. The units for exposure are the roentgen (R) and coulomb/kilogram (C/kg).

Hence. The correct answer is D.

Chlorine and nitrogen are most harmful to ozone depletion.

• Nitrogen and chlorine molecules reverse the impact of each other on ozone - the more chlorine there is, the less powerful nitrogen becomes at destroying ozone, and vice versa.
• The ozone layer protects Earth from the sun's ultraviolet rays which increase the risk of cancer and endanger crops and aquatic life.
• Human-produced chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs) attracted headlines in the 1980s when it was clear that they were chewing a hole in the ozone layer over Earth's polar regions.
• Chemicals, especially produced halocarbon refrigerants, solvents, propellants, and foam-blowing agents (chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), HCFCs, halons) are the main cause of ozone depletion and the ozone hole.

In an average year, more people die from flash floods and flooding than from any other natural disaster.

Hence. The correct answer is D.