UGC NET Paper 1 Mock Test - 7 - UGC NET MCQ

Out of the given options, the statement that accurately describes a fundamental feature of a blog is:

3. A blog is an online platform where individuals can express their thoughts, feelings, or experiences, often allowing for user interaction.

Key Points

• 1. Blog content must always be presented in chronological order: While many blogs display entries chronologically, it's not a mandatory feature. Some blogs may organize content by topic, category, or date published.
• 2. Blogs are required to cover a wide range of topics: Again, while diverse content is common, there's no rule dictating a blog's thematic scope. Many blogs focus on specific areas like photography, cooking, tech, or personal narratives.
• 4. Blogs are static web pages that are rarely updated: This contradicts the inherent nature of a blog. By definition, blogs involve regular updates and ongoing publication of new content, distinguishing them from static web pages.
• Therefore, the emphasis on individual expression, often with the potential for user interaction, captures the essence of a blog's core functionality. This open and dynamic platform allows individuals to share their viewpoints and engage with their audience, which sets blogs apart from other online content forms.

The major recommendation made by the Hunter Commission (1882) on Education in India was:

3) The commission recommended the promotion of secondary education - particularly that of girls and women.

Key Points

• 1) The commission did not suggest exclusive use of English: While the Hunter Commission advocated for greater emphasis on English language learning, it did not propose replacing all vernacular languages for primary education.
• 2) The commission did not recommend discontinuing government funding: Although advocating for more efficient allocation of resources, the Hunter Commission supported continued government involvement in funding education.
• 4) The commission did not recommend against vocational subjects: While focusing on general education, the Hunter Commission saw value in introducing practical and vocational subjects in later stages of schooling.

Therefore, the promotion of secondary education, particularly for girls and women, formed a crucial pillar of the Hunter Commission's recommendations. This reflected a shift in focus towards broader access to education and addressing gender disparities in educational opportunities.

• Remember, the Hunter Commission played a significant role in shaping the Indian education system by emphasizing primary education expansion, teacher training, and a more balanced curriculum.

Given:

Jason alone can complete a work in 20 days

Jason and Jamal together do the same work in 9 days

Formula Used:

Time taken = Total work/Efficiency

Calculations:

Total work = LCM of 20 and 9 = 180

Efficiency of Jason = 180/20 = 9

Efficiency of Jason and Jamal together = 180/9 = 20

Efficiency of Jamal = (Efficiency of both) - (Efficiency of Jason)

⇒ Efficiency of Jamal = 20 - 9 = 11

Now, time taken by Jamal = total work/efficiency of Jamal

Time taken = 180/11 = 16(4/11) days

∴ Jamal alone can complete a work in 16 4/11 days.

The correct answer is - Statement I is false but Statement Il is true.

Key PointsStatement I: Disk defragmentation makes files that are contiguous in a disk as fragmented.

• Disk defragmentation is a process that reduces the amount of fragmentation in file systems.
• It physically organizes the contents of the disk to store the pieces of each file close together and contiguously.
• It aims to create larger regions of free space using compaction, to impede the return of fragmentation.
• So, rather than making files fragmented, disk defragmentation does the opposite by making files more contiguous.
• Hence, Statement I is incorrect.

Statement II: A device controller that controls a device will deal with the operating system through a device driver.

• In computer systems, a device controller is a hardware component that interfaces with a peripheral device.
• However, for the operating system to communicate with the device controller (and therefore the device), it uses a piece of software called a device driver.
• The device driver provides a standardized interface through which the operating system can issue commands to the device, abstracting away the hardware-specific details.
• Hence, Statement II is correct.

An outlier is an observation that lies at an abnormal distance from other values in a random sample of a population. Outliers are important because they can have a large influence on statistics derived from the dataset. Outliers affect the mean value of the data but have little effect on the median or mode of a given set of data
Key Points
Effect of outlier on following statistical measures:
Median:

• The median is the middle value in a set of data. The median of 4, 1, and 7 is 4 because when the numbers are put in order (1, 4, 7), the number 4 is in the middle. Mean, median, and mode are measures of central tendency. The mean is the only measure of central tendency that is always affected by an outlier, and that's why the median is appropriate to know central tendency as it is not affected by an outlier.

Quartile range:

• When a data set has outliers or extreme values, we summarise a typical value using the median as opposed to the mean.
• When a data set has outliers, variability is often summarised by a statistic called the interquartile range, which is the difference between the first and third quartiles.
• The Interquartile Range is not affected by outliers.
• The interquartile range is a measure of where the “middle fifty” is in a data set.
• Where a range is a measure of where the beginning and end are in a set, an interquartile range is a measure of where the bulk of the values lie.
• 

Standard deviation:

• ​A standard deviation (or σ) is a measure of how dispersed the data is in relation to the mean. Low standard deviation means data are clustered around the mean, and high standard deviation indicates data are more spread out. The more extreme the outlier, the more the standard deviation is affected. In general, an outlier pulls the mean towards it and inflates the standard deviation.
  • Let's examine what can happen to a data set with outliers. For the sample data set:
  • 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4
  • We find the following mean, median, mode, and standard deviation:
  • Mean = 2.58
  • Median = 2.5
  • Mode = 2
  • Standard Deviation = 1.08
  • If we add an outlier to the data set:
  • 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 400
  • The new values of our statistics are:
  • Mean = 35.38
  • Median = 2.5
  • Mode = 2
  • Standard Deviation = 114.74
  • As you can see, having outliers often has a significant effect on your mean and standard deviation. Because of this, we must take steps to remove outliers from our data sets.

Regression coefficients:

• The regression coefficients are a static measure which is used to measure the average functional relationship between variables.
• In regression analysis, one variable is dependent and the other is independent.
• Also, it measures the degree of dependence of one variable on the other(s).
• An outlier is a data point that does not fit with the rest of the data.
• An outlier can be higher or lower than expected or displaced more to the right or left than expected. Outliers can affect regression lines, making the regression lines less accurate in predicting other data.
• 

Therefore, we conclude that the correct answers are A and C only.

The pattern follows here is;

Hence, the correct answer is "325".

6LoWPAN stands for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks.

Key Points

• 6LoWPAN is a protocol standard that allows Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) to be used over low-power wireless networks. This makes it possible for small, battery-powered devices to connect to the Internet and communicate with each other.
• 6LoWPAN is used in a variety of applications, including:
  • Smart homes and buildings
  • Industrial automation
  • Wearable devices
  • Wireless sensor networks
• 6LoWPAN is a key technology for the Internet of Things (IoT), as it allows low-power devices to connect to the Internet and share data.

The other options are incorrect:

• 6 Lower Wireless Public Area Network does not exist.
• 6 Longest Wireless Protocols And Networks does not exist.
• IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Public Access Network is not a standard protocol.

Answer: (C) Dharma (Religion), Darshan (Philosophy), Arth Shastra (Economics), and Niti (Ethics)

Key Points

• Higher education in ancient India was based on an integrated system of Dharma (Religion), Darshan (Philosophy), Arth Shastra (Economics), and Niti (Ethics).
• These four disciplines were interconnected and complementary, and they provided students with a holistic education.
  • Dharma was the foundation of higher education in ancient India. It taught students about their religious and moral obligations.
  • Darshan taught students about different philosophical systems and encouraged them to develop their own critical thinking skills.
  • Arth Shastra taught students about statecraft and economics.
  • Niti taught students about ethics and morality.

The other options are incorrect:

• (A) Dharma (Religion) and Darshan (Philosophy): This option does not include Arth Shastra (Economics) and Niti (Ethics), which were also important components of higher education in ancient India.
• (B) Arth Shastra (Economics) and Niti (Ethics): This option does not include Dharma (Religion) and Darshan (Philosophy), which were also important components of higher education in ancient India.
• (D) Ahimsa (Non-violence), Dharma (Religion), Darshan (Philosophy), Arth Shastra (Economics), and Niti (Ethics): Ahimsa (Non-violence) is a fundamental principle of Jainism, but it was not a central focus of higher education in ancient India.

The most accurate statement about the role of standard deviation in research is: C) A small standard deviation indicates that data points tend to be very close to the mean.Key Points

• A) Standard deviation is only used to estimate the range within which the population mean is likely to fall: While standard deviation can be used to estimate confidence intervals around the mean, it also provides more information about the spread of the data itself.
• B) A high standard deviation always indicates a mistake in data collection: While a very high standard deviation might raise questions about the data or measurement method, it doesn't automatically indicate a mistake. It's important to consider the context and expected variability within the specific field and population.
• D) The standard deviation is not used in constructing confidence intervals: Standard deviation is actually a crucial element in constructing confidence intervals for the population mean and other parameters. It provides information about the variability of the data, which is necessary to estimate the margin of error around the sample statistic.

Therefore, the statement highlighting the relationship between a small standard deviation and data points being close to the mean accurately captures a key function of this measure in research. It indicates that the data is relatively homogeneous and clustered around the central tendency (mean).

Remember, standard deviation is a versatile tool in research analysis. It helps us understand the distribution of data, identify potential outliers, and make informed inferences about the population based on the sample.

• The standard progression of data measurements in computers is from kilobyte (KB), to megabyte (MB), to gigabyte (GB), and then to terabyte (TB). Each unit is 1024 times larger than the previous one.

Here's why the other options are incorrect:

• A) Gigabyte, Megabyte, Kilobyte, Terabyte: This places Gigabyte before Megabyte, which is incorrect.
• B) Kilobyte, Megabyte, Terabyte, Gigabyte: This places Terabyte before Gigabyte, which is incorrect.
• C) Terabyte, Gigabyte, Megabyte, Kilobyte: This starts with the largest unit (Terabyte) and goes down, which is the opposite of the desired order.

• The University of Calcutta was established on January 24, 1857. It is one of the oldest universities in India.
• The University of Madras and the University of Mumbai were also founded in the same year but a few months later.
• The University of Delhi was founded much later, in 1922.

The correct response is Acceptance of subjective experiences and qualitative data.
Key Points

• Positivism emphasizes the scientific method and objective knowledge gained through observation and experimentation.
• It prioritizes quantitative data and statistical analysis to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
• Subjective experiences and qualitative data, such as interviews or open-ended surveys, are considered less reliable and objective by Positivists. While some Positivists might acknowledge their existence, their role in research is limited.

(1), (2), and (3) are all core principles of Positivism.

• (1) emphasizes the reliance on empirical evidence, not theoretical constructs, for building knowledge.
• (2) highlights the researcher's role as a neutral observer, minimizing personal biases.
• (3) underscores the importance of quantifiable data for testing hypotheses and drawing conclusions.

Additional Information
Positivism:

• Fact-finder: Focuses on objective data like test scores (think lab coats and microscopes!).
• Numbers rule: Prefers quantitative data to understand cause-and-effect relationships.
• Neutral observer: Believes researchers can be completely unbiased.

Post-Positivism:

• Reality is complex: Acknowledges the researcher's influence and the value of qualitative data like interviews (think open-ended questions and diverse perspectives).
• Interpretation matters: Focuses on how data is interpreted within its context.
• Open to perspectives: Encourages considering multiple viewpoints for a richer understanding.

The pattern followed here is;

Hence, the correct answer is "43, 86".

Communication is the imparting, conveying, or exchanging of ideas, knowledge, etc., using speech, writing or any attempt to define communication has to take into consideration the idea of mutuality and commonness, an exchange, a shared environment, a social relationship among the participants and the existence of a common need, urge, aim or goal. (Oxford dictionary)

• 'To communicate' is defined as 'to impart, bestow, or convey, to make known, give by way of information.
• The term communication is derived from the Latin word ‘communis’ meaning common- standing for sharing of ideas in common.
• When we communicate we are trying to establish 'commonness' with someone. That is, we are trying to share information, an idea, or an attitude.
• Communication is a two-way process of reaching mutual understanding, in which participants not only exchange information but also create and share meaning.
• The main purpose of communication is to convey information and ideas in such a manner that will produce a response as desired by the sender.
• Communication is generally categorized into asynchronous or synchronous.

Key PointsIn synchronous communication, the interaction between teacher and students occurs at the same period of time.

• Synchronous mode helps students acquire information within no time since both are engaged in the process of conversation at the same time.
• Compared with asynchronous mode, synchronous communication is better for the teaching-learning process.
• The simplest form of synchronous communication occurs with the participation of two persons i.e., teacher and student.
• In advance synchronous communication a large number of people can join to share their ideas like students belonging to different classes, students of the same classes, teachers of the same school, etc.
• Examples of synchronous communication are face-to-face talk, online chat, phone calls, video chat, live streaming, virtual classrooms, video conferencing, and audio conferencing.

Thus, it can be inferred that Textbooks are not a tool for synchronous interaction.

Additional Information Asynchronous Interaction: As the name indicates, the participants are not synchronous (same time) with each other in the Asynchronous mode of communication.

• The participants mentioned here are mainly the students and teachers.
• Students and teachers move at their own pace to transfer information.
• The information to be passed on to the students may be posted on any website medium such as wikis, blogs, etc., which can be retrieved by students at a later time.
• Similarly, postings of students can be retrieved by teachers and given feedback.
• Hence in asynchronous communication, the interaction between students and teachers occur at different times.
• Examples of asynchronous communication technology are blogs, wikis, video blogs, vlogs, forums, discussion boards, and electronic mail (E-mail).

The MHRD, Government of India has formed e-ShodhSindhu merging three consortia initiatives namely UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium, NLIST, and INDEST-AICTE Consortium.
Key-Points
The major aims and objectives of e-ShodhSindhu are as follows:

• Setting up e-ShodhSindhu: Consortia for Higher Education E-resources by augmenting and strengthening activities and services offered by three MHRD funded consortia.
• To develop a formidable collection of e-journals, e-books, and e-journal archives on a perpetual basis.
• To monitor and promote e-resources to member universities, colleges, and technical institutions in India through awareness and training programs.
• Provide access to subscription-based scholarly information i.e. e-books and e-journals to educational institutions.
• To bridge the digital divide and move towards an information-rich society.
• Provide access to scholarly content available in open access through subject portals and subject gateways.
• Take up additional activities and services that require a collaborative platform and are not being performed by existing consortia.
• Moving towards developing a National Electronic Library with e-journals and e-books as its major building blocks.

Therefore, MHRD, Government of India initiative e-ShodhSindhu provides students and researchers access to e-journals. It is a digital library providing access to e-resources like journals, eBooks, factual, bibliographies, citations, etc. for higher education.
Additional Information

• DIKSHA, an initiative taken by the Ministry of Education was launched in September 2017 to facilitate advanced digital learning for teachers from classes 1 to 12.

Calculation
The total phones sold by A = 180
The total phones sold by B = 240
The number of Cell phones sold by C = {2320k - (8000 × 200)}/6000
= 120
The total phones sold by C = 120 + 200 = 320
The total phones sold by D = 140
The total phones sold by E = 120
The total sum = (180 + 240 + 320 + 140 + 120) = 1000
The answer is 1000.

Calculation
Let the number of cell phones sold by B be x.
Then Smartphone = 240 - x
⇒ x × 5000 + (240 - x) × 12000 = 2040k
⇒ x × 5k + (240 - x) × 12k = 2040k
⇒ 7kx = 2880k - 2040k
⇒ 7kx = 840k ⇒ x = 120
The number of Cell phones sold by C = {2320k - (8000 × 200)}/6000
= 120
The number of cell phones sold by B and C together = 120 + 120 = 240
The number of smartphones sold by A and E together = 100 + 80 = 180
The ratio will be = 240:180 = 4:3
The answer is 4:3

The position and positional value of English Alphabets are:

The logic followed here is:
For, ‘BUREAU’ is written as ‘RUBUAE’

For, ‘NUMBER’ is written as ‘MUNREB’

Similarly, 'DETECT' will be written as:

So, 'DETECT' will be written as 'TEDTCE'.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

• TriviaMaker is an online quiz platform that allows users to collectively create quizzes, facilitating real-time collaboration.
• This feature allows a team of instructors or event organizers to create engaging and interactive quizzes together, increasing the efficiency of group tasks and planning sessions.
• On the contrary, Quizlet is primarily focused on helping students study and learn material using flashcards.
• Kahoot! allows individual users to create games or quizzes that are live and interactive but does not allow real-time collaboration on the same project.
• GoFormative offers a variety of question formats and real-time responses but lacks the feature of team collaboration in creating quizzes.

Hence, among the options provided, TriviaMaker uniquely provides the feature of real-time quiz creation collaboration. This knowledge and distinction are what the multiple-choice question is examining.

The correct answer is 'The burning of fossil fuels, employment in industrial activities, and deforestation'.
Key Points

• As stated in the passage "The burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial activities have caused a dramatic escalation in the concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide in our atmosphere." This clarifies that these are the primary sources of the human-induced increase in greenhouse gases.
• The passage does not mention agricultural activities, burning of renewable sources, urbanization, overpopulation, nuclear energy, or excessive use of electricity as primary sources of anthropogenic increase in greenhouse gases.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

The correct answer is 'To secure a livable future for all life on Earth'.
Key Points

• The passage mentions "It's not just about saving the polar bears or preserving beautiful landscapes, it's about securing a livable future for all life on Earth."
• This indicates that the primary reason for a global response to climate change is to secure a livable future for all life forms on our planet.
• Although it's true that global responses could potentially slow down the melting of polar ice caps and decrease the occurrence of extreme weather patterns, these are consequences of global warming and not the underlying reason the passage gives for broader global responses.
• Preserving the beauty of landscapes and saving specific species, although important, are not emphasized in this passage as primary reasons for global action.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

The correct answer is 'Climate change has no significant impact on global food security'.
Key Points

• The passage contradicts the third statement by mentioning: "The impact on agriculture is profound, with crop yields expected to decline, threatening global food security." Hence, the passage clearly establishes that climate change does have a significant impact on global food security.
• The first statement, "Global warming is leading to the intensification of droughts, storms, and heatwaves," aligns with the passage's information that global warming is indeed intensifying such weather phenomena.
• The second statement, that wildlife are experiencing habitat destruction due to climate change, is supported by the passage, which states that wildlife are experiencing habitat destruction and changes in their geographical ranges.
• Finally, the fourth statement, that a global response is required to integrate climate considerations into public policies, is a key point made in the passage, emphasizing the need for a global measure to mitigate and adapt to changes brought about by the climate crisis.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Given:
Total Persons = 750
Employed : Unemployed = 3 : 2
Calculation:
Unemployed persons = 2/5 × 750 = 300
∴ The number of unemployed persons are 300.

In the early years of childhood, intelligence, personality and social behaviour develop rapidly.

• The first six years of life are critical for development as the rate of development is most rapid in this period, aid consequently, this is the time when environmental enrichment or deprivation makes its greatest impact
• Freidrich Wilhem August Froebel was founder of Kindergarten.

Key Points Froebal's concept of Kindergarten:

• Froebel considered childhood as not merely a preparation for adulthood; rather, it has a value in itself and it possesses its own creativity.
• Froebel believed that the growth of the child is directed by an inner force
• Play, he felt, is an essential factor in the growth of the child.
• He opened the first Kindergarten, an institution for children between ages four and six, at Blackenberg in 1837.
• Kindergarten is a German word which literally means 'Children's garden.'
• Froebel conceived the school as a garden, the teacher as the gardener and the students as tender plants.

Hence, it can be concluded that kindergarten is the main contribution to the development of education given by Froebel.

We use the following symbols,

From the given information,

As we can see from the family tree P is Father-in-law of B.
Hence, the correct answer is "Father-in-law".

Both Statement I and Statement II are true.

Key Points

• Statement I is correct because an IP address is a unique identifier for a device on a network. It is used to route traffic between devices on the internet.
• Statement II is also correct because IP addresses can be either static or dynamic. A static IP address is a fixed address that is assigned to a device and does not change. A dynamic IP address is an address that is assigned to a device by a DHCP server and can change over time.

Therefore, the correct answer is Both Statement I and Statement II are true.

Here are some examples where a static IP address may be needed:

• Hosting a website or server
• Using a VPN to connect to a remote network
• Using certain types of security software
• Running certain types of applications
• Most people do not need a static IP address and are assigned a dynamic IP address by their ISP. Dynamic IP addresses are more efficient to use and less expensive.

Skewness:
The skewness is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution assuming a unimodal distribution (assuming there is only one peak in the distribution of values) .
We can say that the skewness indicates how much our underlying distribution deviates from the normal distribution since the normal distribution has skewness 0. Generally, we have three types of skewness.

• Symmetrical: When the skewness is close to 0 and the mean is almost the same as the median
• Negative skew: When the left tail of the histogram of the distribution is longer and the majority of the observations are concentrated on the right tail. In this case, we can use also the term “left-skewed” or “left-tailed”. and the median is greater than the mean.

Positive skew: When the right tail of the histogram of the distribution is longer and the majority of the observations are concentrated on the left tail. In this case, we can use also the term “right-skewed” or “right-tailed”. and the median is less than the mean.

The mean, mode, and median can be used to figure out if you have a positively or negatively skewed distribution.

• If the mean is greater than the mode, the distribution is positively skewed.
• If the mean is less than the mode, the distribution is negatively skewed.
• If the mean is greater than the median, the distribution is positively skewed.
• If the mean is less than the median, the distribution is negatively skewed.

Hence, Mean > Median is a feature of + vely skewed distribution.

Given:

The average age of the father and mother = 40 years

The average age of the father, mother and daughter = 30 years

Formula used:

Average = Sum of value / Number of values

Calculation:

Total age of father and mother = 40 × 2 = 80 years

Total age of father, mother and daughter = 90

So the age daughter = 90 – 80 = 10 years

A document on the internet written and constructed using HTML and translated by the web browser is known as a web page.

Key Points

• HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a markup language used to create web pages. It defines the structure and content of a web page. Web browsers translate HTML into a visual representation of the web page that is displayed on the user's screen.
• Web pages are typically stored on web servers. When a user requests a web page, the web server sends the HTML code of the web page to the user's web browser.
• The web browser then translates the HTML code into a visual representation of the web page that is displayed on the user's screen.
• Web pages are the basic building blocks of the internet. They are used to display a wide variety of content, such as text, images, videos, and interactive applications.

Additional Information

• Web servers are computers that store and deliver web pages.
• The internet is a global network of computers.
• A domain is a unique name that identifies a website on the internet.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

To analyze the two statements and choose the correct answer among the given options, let's delve into each statement based on the context and knowledge available up until September 2021.

Statement I: New Ph.D. regulation completely abolishing M.Phil.

• This statement refers to a regulatory change in the education system concerning the eligibility or pathways for pursuing a Ph.D.
• In India, for instance, the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 proposed several significant changes in higher education.
• One of these changes included the recommendation to phase out the M.Phil. program.
• The rationale was to streamline the processes and criteria for pursuing a Ph.D. By doing so, NEP 2020 aimed to make the transition more direct from a Master's degree to a Ph.D. program without requiring an M.Phil. as an intermediate step.
• Based on this information, Statement I reflects a true scenario as of the NEP 2020 reforms.

Statement II: M.Phil. is the gateway for the Ph.D. program.

• Traditionally, the M.Phil. served as an advanced postgraduate research degree that often acted as a stepping stone or gateway to the Ph.D. program.
• It provided intensive research training that prepared students for the rigors of a doctoral program.
• Historically, many students used the M.Phil. to demonstrate their research capabilities before being admitted to a Ph.D.
• However, with the changes proposed by NEP 2020, the role of the M.Phil. as a required pathway has been altered. Although it was true that M.Phil. acted as a gateway in the past, the recent changes mean that this is no longer the case if the NEP 2020 recommendations are fully implemented.

Given that Statement I corresponds to the recent regulations abolishing M.Phil., and considering that Statement II refers to the traditional role of M.Phil. (which has been affected by the new regulations),

The correct interpretation is:

Option 3: Statement I is true but Statement II is false

This option accounts for the current regulatory changes (true for Statement I) while recognizing that the traditional role of M.Phil. as a gateway is no longer valid under the new rules (false for Statement II).