UP TET Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 (Social Science) - UPTET MCQ

Lev Vygotsky was a Russian psychologist and a social constructivist. He has propounded 'Socio-cultural Theory' which emphasizes the role of social interaction in cognitive development.

• Lev Vygotsky emphasized that the acquisition of speech is the major activity in cognitive development. 
• Vygotsky embedded in this theory, the concept of 'private speech' which is a kind of speech directed to the self with no communicative function.
• Children use private speech to guide their actions by speaking to themselves.

Private Speech:

• It refers to the speech produced aloud by young children that seem to be addressed either to the self or others, which sometimes cannot be easily conceived by a listener.
• It has a significant role in the augmentation of the self and self-consciousness. It is the main aspect in the development of self and subjectivity.
• This phenomenon starts in the early years of life and proceeds to the end of adolescence and even later.

So, from the points, as mentioned above, it becomes clear that the above-mentioned kind of 'private speech' is a sign of Self-regulation.

The cognitive process among the options you provided is "thinking." Thinking refers to the mental process of generating thoughts, ideas, and concepts through perception, reasoning, and memory. It involves various cognitive activities such as problem-solving, decision-making, imagination, and planning. Playing and running, on the other hand, are physical activities, while retrograde actions do not describe a specific cognitive process.

The socialization of a child is determind by sociometry techniques. Sociometric techniques are methods that qualitatively measure aspects of social interactions, such as social acceptance (i.e., how well a person is liked by peers) and social status (i.e., a child's social status compared to peers). 

Private speech is speech spoken to oneself for communication, self-guidance, and self-regulation of behaviour. Children from two to about seven years old can be observed engaging in private speech. Although it is audible, it is neither intended for nor directed at others.

Vygotsky on make-believe play and cognitive development:
Vygotsky viewed make-believe play as unique, broadly influential zone of proximal development in which children learn to act in accord with internal ideas rather than on impulse.

'अवगुंठन' शब्द का अर्थ घूँघट' है।
अव + गुंठन = 'अवगुंठन'
'अव' (हीन) उपसर्ग और 'गुंठन' (छिपाना) मूल शब्द
अर्थ: कपड़े से मुँह छिपाने या ढकने की क्रिया।

मौखिक ड्रिल का उपयोग करने का मुख्य उद्देश्य उच्चारण और सटीकता में सुधार करना है।
मौखिक ड्रिल का उपयोग करने का मुख्य उद्देश्य यह है कि वे छात्रों को आत्मविश्वास हासिल करने में मदद करते हैं, और वे शिक्षक को लक्ष्य भाषा की ध्वन्यात्मक विशेषताओं (अर्थात सटीकता और उच्चारण) पर शिक्षार्थियों का ध्यान आकर्षित करने में मदद करते हैं।

• उपर्युक्त पद्यांश में अचानक तुरत फुरत घटनाएं होने का कारण 'सुनते हो' की आवाज आना है।
• उपर्युक्त कविता में कवि ने प्रकृति का मानवीकरण किया है तथा प्रकृति को किसान का रूप दिया है।
• जब किसान की पत्नी उसे आह्वान देती है तब प्रकृति में तुरत फुरत घटनाएं होने लगती है।

लिखना अर्थात लेखन कौशल चारो भाषा कौशलों में सबसे अंतिम चरण है। बच्चों में लेखन कौशल का विकास मौलिक विचारों को लिखित रूप देने तथा विभिन्न उद्देश्यों के लिए लिखने की क्षमता को संदर्भित करता है।

मानव विकास की अवस्था-

• प्रत्येक बच्चे के विकास की विभिन्न अवस्थाये होती है।
• इन्ही अवस्थाओं में बच्चो का एक निश्चित विकास होता है और 'किशोरावस्था' उनमें से एक है।

किशोरावस्था-

• 'किशोरावस्था’ लैटिन शब्द 'एडोलसेन्स' से आया है जिसका अर्थ है 'परिपक्व होने के लिए बढ़ना’।
• किशोरावस्था 12 से 19 वर्ष की उम्र के बीच होती है।
• स्टेनले हाल ने 'एडोलसेन्स' नामक पुस्तक में किशोरावस्था के बारे में विस्तृत जानकारी दी है। 
• स्टेनले हाल ने किशोरावस्था की परिभाषा देते हुए कहा कि "किशोरावस्था अधिक तनाव और तूफान की अवस्था है।"

प्राथमिक स्तर पर भाषा का माध्यम मातृभाषा या क्षेत्रीय भाषा होना चाहिए। इससे अधिगम सहज व सुलभ हो जाता है। बालको की अस्मिता बनी रहती है। बालक बिना किसी झिझक के स्वयं को अभिव्यक्त कर पाते हैं। विषय वस्तु को परिवेश से जोड़कर पढ़ाने में मदद मिलती है।
अतः प्राथमिक स्तर पर भाषा शिक्षण का माध्यम मातृभाषा भाषा होना चाहिए।

वर्तनी- शब्द में प्रयुक्त ध्वनियों को जिस क्रम से उच्चरित किया जाता है, लिखने में भी उसी क्रम से विन्यस्त करने का नाम वर्तनी या वर्ण-विन्यास है। यदि वर्णों का उच्चारण शुद्ध न किया जाए, तो लिखने में भी अशुद्धियाँ हो जाती हैं।
स्व-वर्तनी- स्व-वर्तनी का अर्थ है अपनी वर्तनी होता है, अर्थात जैसा बोलना वैसा ही लिखना।

Grammar is the set of rules concerned with the use of words in the context to construct meaningful sentences. There are different kinds of grammar teaching methods in fashion which makes learning a fruitful process.

In Inductive lesson, a general rule is explained first and later the examples are illustrated.

It is the correct option. Rude is the antonym of 'polite'. Polite means having or showing behaviour that is respectful and considerate of other people. Rude means offensively impolite or bad-mannered.

Hopeless means having no expectation of good or success.
Example: We were the most hopeless group of golfers you ever saw.
Irreformable means not capable of being cured or reformed.
Example: He is an irreformable liar who long ago lost all interest in telling the truth.​
Thus, irreformable is the most similar in meaning to hopeless.

Silent reading is most helpful in understanding the depth of meaning. By reading silently, understanding the words in their mind, they read further. It also increases the speed of reading and increases the ability to understand.

"No, I didn't" will be the correct answer because this is the negative statement and because it is in the past, so we have used "didn't".

'Imagination' is a noun. 'Imagine' is a verb and so is 'imagined'. Also, 'imaginative' and 'imaginary' are adjectives.

A conducive language classroom environment catering to the needs and interests of young children is an important factor for leading programs and activities in the pre-school class. A carefully planned environment can help preschoolers feel calm and secure, while at the same time, engaged and inquisitive.

The question will help students place themselves in new situations to gain a better understanding of the concepts involved. The student will be able to place herself/himself in the same situation, and hence will be able to the complexities involved in lives of nomads.

When the schools opened in the early 19th century, people were wary of them and thought that by sending their daughters to school, they would not be available for domestic duties. Many people were also not comfortable sending their daughters out to public places and hence, most educated women were taught at home by their liberal fathers or husbands.

Let the two fractions be 'x' and 'y'.
xy = 14/15








x = 7/6
Putting the value of 'x' in xy = 14/15, the equation we get

So, y = y = 4/5
Comparing the values of x and y, we get the greater fraction is x = 7/6.

KE = 1/2 mv²
490 = 1/2 x 2 x v²
v² = 490 m/s
According to the law of conservation of energy,
mgh = 1/2 mv²
h = 25 m
Height at which KE becomes half = 25/2 = 12.5 m

It is important to reinstate the significance of Social Science by not only highlighting its increasing relevance for a job in the rapidly expanding service sector, but by pointing to its indispensability in laying the foundations for an analytical and creative mindset.

Dry and very hot winds blowing in the desert part are called 'Loo' (heat waves).
In summer, the air pressure of the western region is less than that of the eastern region.

• In summer, warm winds blow from the west, which is called Loo.
• Due to this heat, an area of low air pressure is formed here.
• To meet this low air pressure, the fast wind comes from another area (from areas of high air pressure) which brings with it dust and soil, this is called a storm.

In educational settings, questions are used to encourage recall of previous knowledge, and understanding of speech, and to promote critical thinking. Questioning should be used to achieve clearly defined objectives. When a student is trying to develop their critical thinking skills, a teacher should ask them questions that will encourage them to do so.

• Bonded labour is a practise in which companies give employees who work for little pay high-interest loans to help them pay off the obligation.
• The payment of wages that are less than the going market rate and the minimum wage required by law has been defined as bonded labour by the Supreme Court of India. Historically, bonded labour was connected to rural economies where peasants from underprivileged neighbourhoods were forced to work for the landlords.
• In unorganised industries including brick kilns, stone quarries, coal mines, agricultural labour, domestic servitude, circuses, and sexual slavery, bonded labour is discovered to occur in both rural and urban pockets.
• In India, bonded labour is illegal under the Constitution's Articles 21 and 23. The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, a special piece of legislation passed in 1976, was the first to outlaw the practise.
• The State Governments are responsible for taking actions against bonded labour employers in accordance with the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act of 1976.
  • The District Magistrate has been given the authority of a Judicial Magistrate First Class under the Act in order to prosecute those who violated the bonded labour system. 

As we move from Eastern Hemisphere to Western Hemisphere, the size of longitudes remains the same.

A timeline is a way of displaying a list of events in chronological order, sometimes described as a project artifact. Timelines can be best utilised for teaching ancient history, as the students need to be aware of the events and their dates, which can be better retained using timelines.