UPSC CSE Prelims Paper 2 Practice Test - 6 - UPSC MCQ

The biggest gain from the Union Government's welcome decision to notify the final award of the Cauvery Water Dispute Tribunal is that it may be the first and most significant step towards a permanent solution to the persistent conflict over sharing the inter-State river's waters. A positive feature is that implementation ofthe final award will involve the formation of a Cauvery Management Board to regulate the supply of water and a Water Regulation Committee, which will post representatives in each of the eight reservoirs in the basin states, to ensure that the decisions are carried out. Giving finality to the award through the notification may help take the issue away from politics and place it in the hands of a technical, expert body. The February 2007 award has been questioned by way of clarification petitions before the Tribunal itself as well as suits in the Supreme Court by both parties and sceptics may wonder how useful the gazette notification may be now. The parties are still free to pursue their clarification petitions and appeals, but in the larger interest of a long term solution and to end seasonal acrimony, they would do well to give the award a chance.
The fact that notifying the award has been a long pending demand ofTamil Nadu should not make one believe that the action redounds to one party's benefit to the detriment of the other. It was the Supreme Court that made the suggestion that the final decision be notified and counsel for all the basin states have agreed that it should be done. It may be argued that gazetting the award will not resolve the present standoff over judicial and administrative directives to Karnataka to release water to save standing crops in Tamil Nadu. The Cauvery Monitoring Committee, while asking Karnataka to ensure 12 thousand million cubic feet of water to Tamil Nadu in December, has itself admitted that its decision is unlikely to satisfy either party, given that both states have less water in their reservoirs than in previous years. Yet, is has opted for a pragmatic solution under which both states will be in deficit of approximately 47 tmcft. It is the same spirit of pragmatism that both states must now approach the larger problem of sharing water as per a judicially determined solution in both normal and distress years. The two should not let posterity say of them that long after equitable distribution has entrenched itself as the most acceptable doctrine in riverine jurisprudence, they did not allow a judicially determines system for sharing to work.

Q.

It can be inferred that notifying the final award of the Cauvery Water Dispute Tribunal could lead to

The biggest gain from the Union Government's welcome decision to notify the final award of the Cauvery Water Dispute Tribunal is that it may be the first and most significant step towards a permanent solution to the persistent conflict over sharing the inter-State river's waters. A positive feature is that implementation ofthe final award will involve the formation of a Cauvery Management Board to regulate the supply of water and a Water Regulation Committee, which will post representatives in each of the eight reservoirs in the basin states, to ensure that the decisions are carried out. Giving finality to the award through the notification may help take the issue away from politics and place it in the hands of a technical, expert body. The February 2007 award has been questioned by way of clarification petitions before the Tribunal itself as well as suits in the Supreme Court by both parties and sceptics may wonder how useful the gazette notification may be now. The parties are still free to pursue their clarification petitions and appeals, but in the larger interest of a long term solution and to end seasonal acrimony, they would do well to give the award a chance.
The fact that notifying the award has been a long pending demand ofTamil Nadu should not make one believe that the action redounds to one party's benefit to the detriment of the other. It was the Supreme Court that made the suggestion that the final decision be notified and counsel for all the basin states have agreed that it should be done. It may be argued that gazetting the award will not resolve the present standoff over judicial and administrative directives to Karnataka to release water to save standing crops in Tamil Nadu. The Cauvery Monitoring Committee, while asking Karnataka to ensure 12 thousand million cubic feet of water to Tamil Nadu in December, has itself admitted that its decision is unlikely to satisfy either party, given that both states have less water in their reservoirs than in previous years. Yet, is has opted for a pragmatic solution under which both states will be in deficit of approximately 47 tmcft. It is the same spirit of pragmatism that both states must now approach the larger problem of sharing water as per a judicially determined solution in both normal and distress years. The two should not let posterity say of them that long after equitable distribution has entrenched itself as the most acceptable doctrine in riverine jurisprudence, they did not allow a judicially determines system for sharing to work.

Q.
 

Which of the following options cannot be inferred as a negation with respect to the award of the tribunal?

The biggest gain from the Union Government's welcome decision to notify the final award of the Cauvery Water Dispute Tribunal is that it may be the first and most significant step towards a permanent solution to the persistent conflict over sharing the inter-State river's waters. A positive feature is that implementation ofthe final award will involve the formation of a Cauvery Management Board to regulate the supply of water and a Water Regulation Committee, which will post representatives in each of the eight reservoirs in the basin states, to ensure that the decisions are carried out. Giving finality to the award through the notification may help take the issue away from politics and place it in the hands of a technical, expert body. The February 2007 award has been questioned by way of clarification petitions before the Tribunal itself as well as suits in the Supreme Court by both parties and sceptics may wonder how useful the gazette notification may be now. The parties are still free to pursue their clarification petitions and appeals, but in the larger interest of a long term solution and to end seasonal acrimony, they would do well to give the award a chance.
The fact that notifying the award has been a long pending demand ofTamil Nadu should not make one believe that the action redounds to one party's benefit to the detriment of the other. It was the Supreme Court that made the suggestion that the final decision be notified and counsel for all the basin states have agreed that it should be done. It may be argued that gazetting the award will not resolve the present standoff over judicial and administrative directives to Karnataka to release water to save standing crops in Tamil Nadu. The Cauvery Monitoring Committee, while asking Karnataka to ensure 12 thousand million cubic feet of water to Tamil Nadu in December, has itself admitted that its decision is unlikely to satisfy either party, given that both states have less water in their reservoirs than in previous years. Yet, is has opted for a pragmatic solution under which both states will be in deficit of approximately 47 tmcft. It is the same spirit of pragmatism that both states must now approach the larger problem of sharing water as per a judicially determined solution in both normal and distress years. The two should not let posterity say of them that long after equitable distribution has entrenched itself as the most acceptable doctrine in riverine jurisprudence, they did not allow a judicially determines system for sharing to work.

Q.
 

Consider the following assumptions:
1. The 2 parties in the dispute should favour the setting up of the tribunal as it will bring some resolution to the issue
2. The dispute between the 2 parties is best solved through the judicial route.

Which of the following assumptions are valid?

The 2 month long offer of amnesty and regularisation for emigrant workers that the UAE launched on December 4 constitutes a legitimate clean-up effort. It will let those who have overstayed their visa or lack proper documentation, to either leave without penalty or regularise their stay by paying fines. The fact that more than 45000 Indians are expected to seek amnesty in this round points to the scale of this problem. The UAE had offered similar amnesty schemes in 2007, 2002 and 1996, which led to a total of 842,000 people either legalising their stay or leaving without being penalised. On its part, India ought to handle the situation with sensitivity and understanding. One of the demands this time is for the waiver of, or reduction in, the fee for the issue of Emergency Exit Certificates. Following hints from India that this might indeed be done, the response to the amnesty process has so far been slow. The Central and State governments should take steps to encourage people to come forward and legitimise their status. The authorities should decide on the fee liability, and whether free air passage could be provided to the returnees, many of them low paid workers. Minister for Overseas Indian Affairs has favoured this in deserving cases. 

On a broader plane, the situation highlights the need for well regulated and orderly processes for those who seek to emigrate in search of livelihood. It is well known that dodgy practices resorted to by recruiting agents, who work hand in glove with unregulated visa-providers, often hold out before prospective emigrants false promises in terms of the nature of work and the quantum of pay. Sponsors and employers who illegally retain passports to keep migrants in thrall and those who deny fair wages and reasonable working conditions, continue to have a field day as opportunities shrink. The Emigration Act should be tightened to ensure harsher punishment for malpractices. The Indian consular corps need to provide a more accessible and enabling environment to emigrants in distress. Bilateral agreements that have been periodically announced have not entirely succeeded in ensuring the welfare and protection of Indian workers, especially those at the lower end of the wage band. Also taking into account the economic dividend that accrues to the economy thanks to significant remittances from the Gulf countries, India should take a long term view and work to safeguard the welfare of the diaspora.

Q.

Which of the following cannot be taken as a logical explanation for the emigrant problem in the UAE?

The 2 month long offer of amnesty and regularisation for emigrant workers that the UAE launched on December 4 constitutes a legitimate clean-up effort. It will let those who have overstayed their visa or lack proper documentation, to either leave without penalty or regularise their stay by paying fines. The fact that more than 45000 Indians are expected to seek amnesty in this round points to the scale of this problem. The UAE had offered similar amnesty schemes in 2007, 2002 and 1996, which led to a total of 842,000 people either legalising their stay or leaving without being penalised. On its part, India ought to handle the situation with sensitivity and understanding. One of the demands this time is for the waiver of, or reduction in, the fee for the issue of Emergency Exit Certificates. Following hints from India that this might indeed be done, the response to the amnesty process has so far been slow. The Central and State governments should take steps to encourage people to come forward and legitimise their status. The authorities should decide on the fee liability, and whether free air passage could be provided to the returnees, many of them low paid workers. Minister for Overseas Indian Affairs has favoured this in deserving cases. 

On a broader plane, the situation highlights the need for well regulated and orderly processes for those who seek to emigrate in search of livelihood. It is well known that dodgy practices resorted to by recruiting agents, who work hand in glove with unregulated visa-providers, often hold out before prospective emigrants false promises in terms of the nature of work and the quantum of pay. Sponsors and employers who illegally retain passports to keep migrants in thrall and those who deny fair wages and reasonable working conditions, continue to have a field day as opportunities shrink. The Emigration Act should be tightened to ensure harsher punishment for malpractices. The Indian consular corps need to provide a more accessible and enabling environment to emigrants in distress. Bilateral agreements that have been periodically announced have not entirely succeeded in ensuring the welfare and protection of Indian workers, especially those at the lower end of the wage band. Also taking into account the economic dividend that accrues to the economy thanks to significant remittances from the Gulf countries, India should take a long term view and work to safeguard the welfare of the diaspora.

Q.

Which of the following options aptly perceives the role that the Indian government can play for emigrants to the UAE?

The 2 month long offer of amnesty and regularisation for emigrant workers that the UAE launched on December 4 constitutes a legitimate clean-up effort. It will let those who have overstayed their visa or lack proper documentation, to either leave without penalty or regularise their stay by paying fines. The fact that more than 45000 Indians are expected to seek amnesty in this round points to the scale of this problem. The UAE had offered similar amnesty schemes in 2007, 2002 and 1996, which led to a total of 842,000 people either legalising their stay or leaving without being penalised. On its part, India ought to handle the situation with sensitivity and understanding. One of the demands this time is for the waiver of, or reduction in, the fee for the issue of Emergency Exit Certificates. Following hints from India that this might indeed be done, the response to the amnesty process has so far been slow. The Central and State governments should take steps to encourage people to come forward and legitimise their status. The authorities should decide on the fee liability, and whether free air passage could be provided to the returnees, many of them low paid workers. Minister for Overseas Indian Affairs has favoured this in deserving cases. 

On a broader plane, the situation highlights the need for well regulated and orderly processes for those who seek to emigrate in search of livelihood. It is well known that dodgy practices resorted to by recruiting agents, who work hand in glove with unregulated visa-providers, often hold out before prospective emigrants false promises in terms of the nature of work and the quantum of pay. Sponsors and employers who illegally retain passports to keep migrants in thrall and those who deny fair wages and reasonable working conditions, continue to have a field day as opportunities shrink. The Emigration Act should be tightened to ensure harsher punishment for malpractices. The Indian consular corps need to provide a more accessible and enabling environment to emigrants in distress. Bilateral agreements that have been periodically announced have not entirely succeeded in ensuring the welfare and protection of Indian workers, especially those at the lower end of the wage band. Also taking into account the economic dividend that accrues to the economy thanks to significant remittances from the Gulf countries, India should take a long term view and work to safeguard the welfare of the diaspora.

Q.

Consider the following assumptions:
1. Illegal immigrants wait for the offers of amnesty of the UAE government to either legalize their stay or leave without paying fines.
2. A lot of the people seeking amnesty are workers who may have been detained in the UAE against their better judgement.

Which of the given assumptions are valid?

Each of the items below consists of a question and two statements. You have to decide whether the data provided in the statements are sufficient to answer the question. Give answer as:
A: If the question can be answered by data in one of the statements only, but not the other
B: If the data either in statement I or in statement II is sufficient to answer the question
C: If the data given in both statements I and II together are not sufficient to answer the question and
D: If the data in both statements I and II together are necessary to answer the question.

Q.

How many gift boxes were sold on Monday?
Statements:
I. It was 10% more than the boxes sold on the earlier day i.e. Sunday.

II. Every third visitor to the shop purchased the box and 1500 visitors were there on Sunday

Each of the item below consists of a question and two statements. You have to decide whether the data provided in the statements are sufficient to answer the question. Give answer as:
A: If the question can be answered by data in one of the statements only, but not the other
B: If the data either in statement I or in statement II is sufficient to answer the question
C: If the data given in both statements I and II together are not sufficient to answer the question and
D: If the data in both statements I and II together are necessary to answer the question.

Q.

What is Rakesh's position from the right end in a row of children?
Statements:
I. There are 10 children between Rakesh and Rohan.
II. Rohan is twentieth from the left end of the row of children.

Each of the item below consists of a question and two statements. You have to decide whether the data provided in the statements are sufficient to answer the question. Give answer as:
 

A: If the question can be answered by data in one of the statements only, but not the other
B: If the data either in statement I or in statement II is sufficient to answer the question
C: If the data given in both statements I and II together are not sufficient to answer the question and
D: If the data in both statements I and II together are necessary to answer the question.

Q.

Which train did Anuj catch to go to office?
Statements:
I. Anuj missed his usual train of 10.25 a.m. A train comes in every 5 minutes.
II. Anuj did not catch the 10.40 a.m. train or any train after that time.

Each of the items below consists of a question and two statements. You have to decide whether the data provided in the statements are sufficient to answer the question. Give answer as:
A: If the question can be answered by data in one of the statements only, but not the other
B: If the data either in statement I or in statement II is sufficient to answer the question
C: If the data given in both statements I and II together are not sufficient to answer the question and
D: If the data in both statements I and II together are necessary to answer the question.

Q.

On which day of the week did Jeetu visit the zoo?
Statements:
I. Jeetu did not visit zoo either on Tuesday or on Thursday.
II. Jeetu visited zoo two days before his mother reached his house which was day after Monday.

Each of the items below consists of a question and two statements. You have to decide whether the data provided in the statements are sufficient to answer the question. Give answer as:
A: If the question can be answered by data in one of the statements only, but not the other
B: If the data either in statement I or in statement II is sufficient to answer the question
C: If the data given in both statements I and II together are not sufficient to answer the question and
D: If the data in both statements I and II together are necessary to answer the question.

Q.

The Chairman of a big company visits one department on Monday of every week except for the Monday of third week of every month. When did he visit the Sales department?
Statements:
I. He visited Accounts department in the second week of September after having visited Sales department on the earlier occasion.
II. He had visited Sales department immediately after visiting Stores department but before visiting Accounts department.

Each of the items below consists of a question and two statements. You have to decide whether the data provided in the statements are sufficient to answer the question. Give answer as:
A: If the question can be answered by data in one of the statements only, but not the other
B: If the data either in statement I or in statement II is sufficient to answer the question
C: If the data given in both statements I and II together are not sufficient to answer the question and
D: If the data in both statements I and II together are necessary to answer the question.

Q.

What is the monthly salary of Sachin?
Statements:
I. Sachin gets 15% more than Rakesh while Rakesh gets 10% less than Lokesh.
II. Lokesh's monthly salary is Rs 2500.

Krishna Narayan has been transferred recently to handle a new task. There were initial problems with the productivity of the new team. But, with his skill of interpersonal engagements, Krishna Narayan has brought about observable increase in the performance of the team. He is successfully making all members aware of their roles and standards. What should Krishna Narayan do to keep increasing the productivity?

Mrs. Pathak is a successful and able worker. She carries hope and positive energy. But she has an opponent in Mr. Naynar who cannot see eye-to-eye with her in the office. Mr. Ramgoswamy (Mrs. Pathak's Boss) is very fond of Mrs. Pathak because of her past record of successes and sense of optimism. Mrs. Pathak came up with a proposal having complete confidence in its success. But, as usual Mr. Naynar opposed it. What should Mr. Ramgoswamy do?

You are the administrative head of an area and your primary responsibility includes maintaining law and order and ensuring development of the area. A big car manufacturing company is setting up its car-manufacturing unit in the area and there is a group of people that opposes the setting up to the plant. This group feels that they didn't get a fair deal when their land was transferred to the car manufacturing company. They are demanding that either more compensation be paid or their land be returned to them. A regional political party has also supported their demand and they are protesting against the company. The situation is on the brink of explosion and can turn ugly any moment. In a situation like this you will

In each question below is given a statement followed by two courses of action numbered I and II. A course of action is a step or administrative decision to be taken  for improvement, follow up or further action is regard to the problem, policy etc. On the basis of the information given in the statement, you have to assume anything in the statement to be true, and then decide which of the suggested courses of action logically follow(s) for pursuing.
 

Give answer

(a) if only course of action I follows,

(b) if only course of action II follows,

(c) if neither course of action I nor II follows,

(d) if both courses of action I and II follow.

Q.

Statement
There has been significant drop in the water level of all the lakes supplying water to the city.
 

Courses of action
I. The water supply authority should impose a partial cut in supply to tackle the situation.
II. The government should appeal to all the residents through mass media for minimal use of water.

In each question below is given a statement followed by two courses of action numbered I and II. A course of action is a step or administrative decision to be taken  for improvement, follow up or further action is regard to the problem, policy etc. On the basis of the information given in the statement, you have to assume anything in the statement to be true, and then decide which of the suggested courses of action logically follow(s) for pursuing.
 

Give answer

(a) if only course of action I follows,

(b) if only course of action II follows,

(c) if neither course of action I nor II follows,

(d) if both courses of action I and II follow.

Q.

Statement
The prices of food grains and vegetables have substantially increased due to prolonged strike called by the truck owners' association.
 

Courses of action
I. The government should immediately make alternative arrangement to ensure adequate supply of foodgrains and vegetables in the market.
II. The government should take steps to cancel the licenses of all vehicles belonging to the association.

In each question below is given a statement followed by two courses of action numbered I and II. A course of action is a step or administrative decision to be taken  for improvement, follow up or further action is regard to the problem, policy etc. On the basis of the information given in the statement, you have to assume anything in the statement to be true, and then decide which of the suggested courses of action logically follow(s) for pursuing.
 

Give answer

(a) if only course of action I follows,

(b) if only course of action II follows,

(c) if neither course of action I nor II follows,

(d) if both courses of action I and II follow.

Q.

Statements
There is an unprecedented increase in migration of villagers to urban areas as repeated crop failure has put them into precarious financial situation.

Courses of action
I. The villagers should be provided with alternate source of income in their villages which will make them stay out.
II. The migrated villagers should be provided with jobs in the urban areas to help them survive.

In each question below is given a statement followed by two courses of action numbered I and II. A course of action is a step or administrative decision to be taken  for improvement, follow up or further action is regard to the problem, policy etc. On the basis of the information given in the statement, you have to assume anything in the statement to be true, and then decide which of the suggested courses of action logically follow(s) for pursuing.
 

Give answer

(a) if only course of action I follows,

(b) if only course of action II follows,

(c) if neither course of action I nor II follows,

(d) if both courses of action I and II follow.

Q.

Statements
Many private sector banks have reduced interest rate on housing loans in comparison to public sector banks.
 

Courses of action

I. Public sector banks should explore new avenues in financial sector and try to establish their monopoly in these avenues and they should provide maximum possible and unique benefit to the customers.
II. The public sector banks should advertise their special feature repeatedly so that they do not lose their future customers.

In each question below is given a statement followed by two courses of action numbered I and II. A course of action is a step or administrative decision to be taken  for improvement, follow up or further action is regard to the problem, policy etc. On the basis of the information given in the statement, you have to assume anything in the statement to be true, and then decide which of the suggested courses of action logically follow(s) for pursuing.
 

Give answer

(a) if only course of action I follows,

(b) if only course of action II follows,

(c) if neither course of action I nor II follows,

(d) if both courses of action I and II follow.

Q.

Statements
In the domestic market, the availability of imported fruits has been speeded up. So the demand for the domestic fruits has been decreased.
Courses of action
I. To help the fruit producers of the country—the government should implement strict import duties on these fruits, even in the case of their quality being better.
II. Fruits sellers should stop selling imported fruits, due to this there will be an increase in the selling of domestic fruits.

In each question below is given a statement followed by two courses of action numbered I and II. A course of action is a step or administrative decision to be taken  for improvement, follow up or further action is regard to the problem, policy etc. On the basis of the information given in the statement, you have to assume anything in the statement to be true, and then decide which of the suggested courses of action logically follow(s) for pursuing.
 

Give answer

(a) if only course of action I follows,

(b) if only course of action II follows,

(c) if neither course of action I nor II follows,

(d) if both courses of action I and II follow.

Q.

Statements
There is a considerable increase in the number of persons affected by water-borne disease during monsoon period.

Courses of action
I. Government should disseminate adequate information regarding the pure drinking water to people.
II. All the hospitals in the city should be equipped properly for the treatment of patients during monsoon period.

In each question below is given a statement followed by two courses of action numbered I and II. A course of action is a step or administrative decision to be taken  for improvement, follow up or further action is regard to the problem, policy etc. On the basis of the information given in the statement, you have to assume anything in the statement to be true, and then decide which of the suggested courses of action logically follow(s) for pursuing.
 

Give answer

(a) if only course of action I follows,

(b) if only course of action II follows,

(c) if neither course of action I nor II follows,

(d) if both courses of action I and II follow.

Q.

Statements
India has been continuously experiencing threats from its neighbouring countries.
Courses of action
I. India should engage into an all-out war to stop the nagging threats.
II. India should get the neighbours into a serious dialogue to reduce the tension at its borders.

The following item are based on the passage in English to test the comprehension of English language and therefore these item do not have Hindi version. Read the passage and answerthe item that follow.
 

English Passage - 1
Greenpeace International is sending out a ship to protest a tanker bringing the first oil produced at a new Russian offshore platform in the Arctic Circle to Rotterdam. The environmental group said Monday it has sent the "Rainbow Warrior III" to meet the Mikhail Ulyanov, a tanker chartered by Russia's state-controlled oil company, Gazprom OAO.
In September, 28 Greenpeace activists and two freelance journalists were arrested and charged with piracy after a protest near Gazprom's Prirazlomnaya offshore Arctic platform. They were released before the Winter Olympics in Sochi earlier this year. Their ship, "Arctic Sunrise," is still being held by Russian authorities.
Greenpeace has fiercely opposed the production of oil in the Arctic Circle, warning of the danger of oil spills in such unforgiving territory and ofthe worsening global warming caused by using fossil fuels. In a statement Sunday, Greenpeace added a geopolitical reason, saying buying the oil "increases our dependence on Russian energy firms and only serves to strengthen President Putin's hand in the geopolitical game he's playing."
Greenpeace criticized the French oil company Total SA for purchasing the oil, saying it was being hypocritical because its chief executive, Christophe de Margerie, had ruled out drilling in the Arctic in 2012 due to fears of spills.

Q.

​Arctic Sunrise is

The following item are based on the passage in English to test the comprehension of English language and therefore these item do not have Hindi version. Read the passage and answerthe item that follow.
 

English Passage - 1
Greenpeace International is sending out a ship to protest a tanker bringing the first oil produced at a new Russian offshore platform in the Arctic Circle to Rotterdam. The environmental group said Monday it has sent the "Rainbow Warrior III" to meet the Mikhail Ulyanov, a tanker chartered by Russia's state-controlled oil company, Gazprom OAO.
In September, 28 Greenpeace activists and two freelance journalists were arrested and charged with piracy after a protest near Gazprom's Prirazlomnaya offshore Arctic platform. They were released before the Winter Olympics in Sochi earlier this year. Their ship, "Arctic Sunrise," is still being held by Russian authorities.
Greenpeace has fiercely opposed the production of oil in the Arctic Circle, warning of the danger of oil spills in such unforgiving territory and ofthe worsening global warming caused by using fossil fuels. In a statement Sunday, Greenpeace added a geopolitical reason, saying buying the oil "increases our dependence on Russian energy firms and only serves to strengthen President Putin's hand in the geopolitical game he's playing."
Greenpeace criticized the French oil company Total SA for purchasing the oil, saying it was being hypocritical because its chief executive, Christophe de Margerie, had ruled out drilling in the Arctic in 2012 due to fears of spills.

Q.

The reasons in the passage given for the opposition by Greenpeace, to the oil exploration are
1. Global warming
2. Chances of an oil spill
3. Depletion of resources
4. The danger to the flora and fauna there
5. Geopolitical

Choose the correct answer

The following item are based on the passage in English to test the comprehension of English language and therefore these item do not have Hindi version. Read the passage and answer the item that follow.
 

English Passage - 1
 

Greenpeace International is sending out a ship to protest a tanker bringing the first oil produced at a new Russian offshore platform in the Arctic Circle to Rotterdam. The environmental group said Monday it has sent the "Rainbow Warrior III" to meet the Mikhail Ulyanov, a tanker chartered by Russia's state-controlled oil company, Gazprom OAO.
In September, 28 Greenpeace activists and two freelance journalists were arrested and charged with piracy after a protest near Gazprom's Prirazlomnaya offshore Arctic platform. They were released before the Winter Olympics in Sochi earlier this year. Their ship, "Arctic Sunrise," is still being held by Russian authorities.
Greenpeace has fiercely opposed the production of oil in the Arctic Circle, warning of the danger of oil spills in such unforgiving territory and ofthe worsening global warming caused by using fossil fuels. In a statement Sunday, Greenpeace added a geopolitical reason, saying buying the oil "increases our dependence on Russian energy firms and only serves to strengthen President Putin's hand in the geopolitical game he's playing."
Greenpeace criticized the French oil company Total SA for purchasing the oil, saying it was being hypocritical because its chief executive, Christophe de Margerie, had ruled out drilling in the Arctic in 2012 due to fears of spills.

Q.

The word in underlined  "hypocritical" most nearly means in the passage as

The following item are based on the passage in English to test the comprehension of English language and therefore these item do not have Hindi version. Read the passage and answerthe item that follow.
 

English Passage - 2
The helix is a complex shape found in many natural settings. It is commonly illustrated by the shape of DNA molecules. The roots of some plants also burrow as helices, like corkscrews winding downward in search of richer soil. But during an experiment at Harvard University, mechanical engineers were surprised when a pair of rubber ribbons expected to form a helix did not, buckling into a shape rarely observed in nature.
Every helix winds in a left or right direction. The engineers observed what they called a hemi helix: a helix that changes its direction midway. The region along which it changes its direction is called a perversion. Charles Darwin observed plant tendrils forming hemi helices in 1888. Thanks to the Harvard team, we know why they form: "as a result of elastic instabilities", according to Katia Bertoldi, a professor of applied mechanics at the university and a participant in the study.
"The geometry and pre-stretch parameters assign different competition power to these two categories," explained Dr. Bertoldi in an email. Specifically, they found that which shape forms depends on the strips' aspect ratio: the ratio of its length to width. With fixed stretching force for a given polymer, hemi helices were preferred for lower aspect ratios, when the buckling load increased. For ratios around or under 1, the number of perversions increased quickly. For ratios over 3, helices were preferred.
Thus, by tweaking the make-up of certain elastic ribbons, Dr. Bertoldi's work shows we can deterministically manufacture complex 3D shapes from flat structures. This is already a ubiquitous enterprise — e.g. beating sheet metal into the chassis of a car. "The potential applications involve 3D electromagnetic wave-guides, and mechanical, thermal and chemical sensors," Prof. Bertoldi added.

Q.

The shape of hemi helices in nature was first observed by

The following item are based on the passage in English to test the comprehension of English language and therefore these item do not have Hindi version. Read the passage and answerthe item that follow.
 

English Passage - 2
The helix is a complex shape found in many natural settings. It is commonly illustrated by the shape of DNA molecules. The roots of some plants also burrow as helices, like corkscrews winding downward in search of richer soil. But during an experiment at Harvard University, mechanical engineers were surprised when a pair of rubber ribbons expected to form a helix did not, buckling into a shape rarely observed in nature.
Every helix winds in a left or right direction. The engineers observed what they called a hemi helix: a helix that changes its direction midway. The region along which it changes its direction is called a perversion. Charles Darwin observed plant tendrils forming hemi helices in 1888. Thanks to the Harvard team, we know why they form: "as a result of elastic instabilities", according to Katia Bertoldi, a professor of applied mechanics at the university and a participant in the study.
"The geometry and pre-stretch parameters assign different competition power to these two categories," explained Dr. Bertoldi in an email. Specifically, they found that which shape forms depends on the strips' aspect ratio: the ratio of its length to width. With fixed stretching force for a given polymer, hemi helices were preferred for lower aspect ratios, when the buckling load increased. For ratios around or under 1, the number of perversions increased quickly. For ratios over 3, helices were preferred.
Thus, by tweaking the make-up of certain elastic ribbons, Dr. Bertoldi's work shows we can deterministically manufacture complex 3D shapes from flat structures. This is already a ubiquitous enterprise — e.g. beating sheet metal into the chassis of a car. "The potential applications involve 3D electromagnetic wave-guides, and mechanical, thermal and chemical sensors," Prof. Bertoldi added.

Q.

The chances of formation of hemi helices instead of helices depend on
1. The aspect ratio
2. The buckling load Choose the correct answer