Test: Anatomy of Flowering Plants - NEET MCQ

In plants respiratory organs in stem is called lenticels. They are located as pores in the bark of plants.

Topic in NCERT: Anatomy of flowering plants

Line in NCERT: "lenticels are small openings in the bark of plants that allow for gas exchange."

Separate xylem and phloem bundles are found in dicotyledonous roots. This kind of vascular bundle is called radial vascular bundle.

Topic in NCERT: Vascular bundles

Line in NCERT: "when xylem and phloem within a vascular bundle are arranged in an alternate manner along the different radii, the arrangement is called radial such as in roots."

In conjoint type of vascular bundles,the xylem and phloem are situated at the sameradius of vascular bundles. Such vascularbundles are common in stems and leaves. Theconjoint vascular bundles usually have thephloem located only on the outer side of xylem.

Topic in NCERT: Anatomy of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants

Line in NCERT: "in conjoint type of vascular bundles, the xylem and phloem are jointly situated along the same radius of vascular bundles. such vascular bundles are common in stems and leaves."

The correct answer is b) Dicotyledonous leaves.

In most dicotyledonous leaves, the abaxial epidermis (the underside of the leaf) typically contains more stomata than the adaxial epidermis (the upper side). This arrangement helps in reducing water loss while allowing for gas exchange, as the lower surface is less exposed to direct sunlight and wind.

Topic in NCERT: Dorsiventral (dicotyledonous) leaf

Line in NCERT: The vertical section of a dorsiventral leaf through the lamina shows three main parts, namely, epidermis, mesophyll and vascular system. The epidermis which covers both the upper surface (adaxial epidermis) and lower surface (abaxial epidermis) of the leaf has a conspicuous cuticle. The abaxial epidermis generally bears more stomata than the adaxial epidermis.

Casparian strips occur in the Endodermis. It is a cell wall material that is deposited in the radial and transverse walls of the endodermis of roots. 

Topic in NCERT: Dicotyledonous Root

Line in NCERT: "the tangential as well as radial walls of the endodermal cells have a deposition of water-impermeable, waxy material suberin in the form of casparian strips."

Ground tissue consists of all tissues except epidermis and vascular bundle of stem and root. It forms the main parts of plant made up of

Topic in NCERT: The ground tissue system

Line in NCERT: "all tissues except epidermis and vascular bundles constitute the ground tissue."

Topic in NCERT: The vascular tissue system
Line in NCERT: In dicotyledonous stems, cambium is present between phloem and xylem. Such vascular bundles because of the presence of cambium possess the ability to form secondary xylem and phloem tissues, and hence are called open vascular bundles. In the monocotyledons, the vascular bundles have no cambium present in them. Hence, since they do not form secondary tissues they are referred to as closed

In the monocotyledons, the vascular bundles have no cambium present in them. Hence, since they do not form secondary tissues they are referred to as closed.

Topic in NCERT: Vascular tissue system

Line in NCERT: "hence, since they do not form secondary tissues they are referred to as closed."

All tissues on the innerside of the endodermis such as pericycle, vascular bundles and pith constitute the stele. ( Line in NCERT)

In leaves, the ground tissue consists of thin-walled chloroplast containingcells are called mesophyll cells.

Topic in NCERT: The ground tissue system

Line in NCERT: "in leaves, the ground tissue consists of thin-walled chloroplast containing cells and is called mesophyll."

Monocotyledonous roots and stems generally do not undergo secondary growth: 

• Monocotyledonous roots

  Monocot roots do not undergo secondary growth because they lack vascular cambium, which is found in the vascular bundle between the xylem and phloem. 

• Monocotyledonous stems

  Monocot stems do not undergo secondary growth, but they can increase in girth. This is called anomalous thickening and does not result in the development of secondary xylem and phloem

Topic in NCERT: Monocotyledonous root

Line in NCERT: "monocotyledonous roots do not undergo any secondary growth."

The cells surrounding the stomata are called guard cells. The guard cells of inner side are thicker and that of outer side is comparatively thinner.

Topic in NCERT: Guard cells

Line in NCERT: "the outer walls of guard cells (away from the stomatal pore) are thin and the inner walls (towards the stomatal pore) are highly thickened."

In grasses, the guard cells are dumb-bell shaped

Topic in NCERT: Guard cells

Line in NCERT: "in grasses, the guard cells are dumb-bell shaped."

• The Assertion (A) is true because plant tissues are indeed classified into two broad categories: meristematic and permanent. Each type plays a significant role in the growth and development of the plant.
• The Reason (R) is also true, as the primary functions of plant tissues encompass food assimilation, storage, and providing mechanical support.
• The Reason correctly explains the Assertion. Without these tissue classifications, the understanding of their respective functions would be incomplete, as each type of tissue is integral to the overall functionality of the plant.
  Line in NCERT: Anatomically, a plant is made of different kinds of tissues. The plant tissues are broadly classified into meristematic (apical, lateral and intercalary) and permanent (simple and complex). Assimilation of food and its storage, transportation of water, minerals and photosynthates, and mechanical support are the main functions of tissues.