Test: Biological Classification - 2 - NEET MCQ

1. Mycoplasma is a type of bacteria that lack a cell wall, so they do not have a cell wall. They do have DNA and ribosomes.
2. Bacteria can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic, so they are not exclusively heterotrophic. Some bacteria are indeed heterotrophic, while others are autotrophic.
3. Slime molds are not classified under Kingdom Monera. They belong to the Kingdom Protista  and they are not bacteria. Slime molds can be saprophytic.

The correct match is:

- B: Mycorrhiza - Mineral uptake from soil

Explanation:
- Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between fungi and plant roots.
- Fungi help plants absorb essential nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen from the soil.
- In return, the fungi receive sugars and other organic compounds from the plant.
- This relationship enhances the plant's ability to uptake minerals, aiding in its growth and overall health.

Conclusion: The group with a mismatch is Group 1 (Monera) because the cell wall is listed as "Absent," which is incorrect. Monera typically have a cell wall (e.g., bacteria have a non- cellulosic cell wall).

So, the answer is Group 1.

 identify the group that is not matched correctly with all the characters shown, let's analyze each group based on the provided characteristics:

1. Monera

   • Cell Type: Prokaryotic
   • Cell Wall: Absent (This is incorrect; Monera, which includes bacteria, typically have a non- cellulosic cell wall.)
   • Nuclear Membrane: Absent (Correct; prokaryotic cells do not have a nuclear membrane.)
   • Body Organization: Cellular (Correct; Monera are unicellular.)

2. Protista

   • Cell Type: Eukaryotic (Correct)
   • Cell Wall: Present in some (Correct; some protists have a cell wall, but not all.)
   • Nuclear Membrane: Present (Correct; eukaryotic cells have a nuclear membrane.)
   • Body Organization: Cellular (Correct; many protists are unicellular.)

3. Fungi

   • Cell Type: Eukaryotic (Correct)
   • Cell Wall: Present (Correct)
   • Nuclear Membrane: Present (Correct)
   • Body Organization: Multicellular/loose tissue (This is generally correct, but fungi are often classified as having a multicellular structure with a mycelial network or loose tissue.)

4. Plantae

   • Cell Type: Eukaryotic (Correct)
   • Cell Wall: Present (Correct)
   • Nuclear Membrane: Present (Correct)
   • Body Organization: Tissue/organ (Correct; plants have a complex organization with tissues and organs.)

Aristotle used simple morphological characters to classify plants into trees, shrubs and herbs.

He also divided animals into two groups, those which had red blood and those that did not.

Most of dinoflagellates have two flagella; one lies longitudinally and the other transversely in a furrow between the wall plates.

Kingdom Protista includes unicellular, eukaryotic organisms only.

Phycomycetes is a subdivision of fungus which are multicellular.

Protozoa, slime moulds and euglenoids are part of kingdom Protista.

Kingdom Protista has brought together Chlamydomonas, Chlorella (earlier placed in thallophyta within Plants and both having cell walls) with Paramoecium and Amoeba (which were earlier placed in the animal kingdom which lack cell wall).

Mad cow disease, also known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), in cattle and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans are both caused by prions. Prions are abnormal forms of proteins that can induce normal proteins in the brain to adopt the abnormal conformation, leading to the accumulation of misfolded proteins and damage to brain tissue. 

Coenocytic hyphae are:

- Continuous tubes filled with multinucleated cytoplasm

Under kingdom protista, Chrysophytes group includes diatoms and golden algae (desmids).

In Linnaeus' time a Two Kingdom system of classification with Plantae and Animalia kingdoms was developed that included all plants and animals respectively. This system was used till very recently.

The sex organs are absent, but plasmogamy is brought about by fusion of two vegetative or somatic cells of different strains or genotypes. The resultant structure is dikaryotic which ultimately gives rise to basidium.

• A: Incorrect. Organisms that depend on living plants for nutrients are called parasites, not saprophytes. Saprophytes decompose dead organic matter.
• B: Incorrect. Nitrogen fixation in specialized cells called sheath cells is not a characteristic of fungi. It is typically found in some bacteria and cyanobacteria.
• C: Incorrect. The fusion of two nuclei is called karyogamy, but this is not the only process involved in sexual reproduction in fungi.
• D: Correct. Plasmogamy refers to the fusion of the cytoplasm of two different cells, which may or may not be gametes

Mycoplasmas are group of organism that lack cell wall and are smallest living organisms. They can survive without oxygen. Mycoplasmas are also called as PPLO (pleuro pneumonia like organism).

. Under suitable conditions, they form an aggregation called plasmodium which may grow and spread over several feet. During unfavourable conditions, the plasmodium differentiates and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips. The spores possess true walls. They are extremely resistant and survive for many years, even under adverse conditions. The spores are dispersed by air currents.