Test: Biological Classification - 1 - NEET MCQ

• Monera is a kingdom that contains unicellular organisms with a prokaryotic (is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane- bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane- bound organelle.) cell organization, like bacteria.
• They are single- celled organisms with no true nuclear membrane. 

Hence, the correct option is B
NCERT Reference: Topic-  Kingdom Monera of chapter "Biological Classification" of NCERT.

• Unlike organisms in the other five kingdoms which are living, viruses are non-living organisms.
• They don’t even have basic unit of life i.e. cell.
• Hence, they are not categorised in any of the kingdoms.

Hence, the correct answer is B
NCERT Reference: Topic “Viroids” of chapter "Biological Classification" of NCERT.

• Mushrooms are the commonly known form of Basidiomycetes, called bracket fungi or puffballs.
• They grow in soil, on logs and tree stumps and in living plant bodies as parasites, e.g., rusts and smuts.

Hence, the correct option is B
NCERT Reference: Topic Basidiomycetes” of chapter "Biological Classification" of NCERT.

Five kingdom classification was proposed by R.H. Whittaker in 1969.
The kingdoms identified by him were:

• Monera
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae  
• Animalia

Hence, the correct option is D
NCERT Reference: Topic- Five kingdom classification  of chapter "Biological Classification" of NCERT.

Heterotrophic bacteria are most abundant in nature. The majority are important decomposers.

Commonly known as sac-fungi, the ascomycetes are mostly multicellular, e.g., Penicillium, or rarely unicellular, e.g., yeast (Saccharomyces). They are saprophytic, decomposers, parasitic, or coprophilous (growing on dung).

Some members of deuteromycetes are saprophytes or parasites while a large number of them are decomposers of litter and help in mineral cycling. Some examples are Alternaria, Colletotrichum, and Trichoderma.

• Movement in paramecium is due to hair-like structures called cilia that grow on its body.
• Paramoecium can move actively due to the presence of thousands of cilia.
• Cilia perform rhythmic movement in order to steer food containing water into the gullet.

Hence, the correct answer is C
NCERT Reference: Topic Protozoans” of chapter "Biological Classification" of NCERT.

Correct option is B.

Lichens are symbiotic associations i.e. mutually useful associations, between algae and fungi. The algal component is known as phycobiont and fungal component as mycobiont, which are autotrophic and heterotrophic, respectively. Algae prepare food for fungi and fungi provide shelter and absorb mineral nutrients and water for its partner.

Methanogens are present in the gut of several ruminant animals such as cows and buffaloes and they are responsible for the production of methane (biogas) from the dung of these animals

Fig: Cyanobacteria

The cyanobacteria (also referred to as blue-green algae) have chlorophyll a similar to green plants and are photosynthetic autotrophs.The cyanobacteria are unicellular, colonial or filamentous, freshwater/marine or terrestrial algae. The colonies are generally surrounded by gelatinous sheath. They often form blooms in polluted water bodies. Some of these organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialised cells called heterocysts, e.g., Nostoc and Anabaena

Archaebacteria are special since they live in some of the most harsh habitats such as extreme salty areas (halophiles), hot springs (thermoacidophiles) and marshy areas (methanogens). Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in having a different cell wall structure and this feature is responsible for their survival in extreme conditions.

The asexual spores are conidia produced exogenously on the special mycelium called conidiophores. Conidia on germination produce mycelium. Sexual spores are called ascospores which are produced endogenously in sac like asci (singular ascus).

This process is binary fission.

In Whittaker’s five kingdom of classification:

1. Kingdom protista 
2. Kingdom fungi 
3. Kingdom plantae
4. Kingdom animalia are eukaryotic organisms.

The kingdom monera includes prokaryotic organisms.

Hence, the correct option is D
NCERT Reference: Topic- Characteristics of the Five Kingdoms” of chapter "Biological Classification" of NCERT.

• Chitin is a modified polysaccharide that contains nitrogen.
• Chitin is synthesised from a long-chain of N-acetylglucosamine polymer and is a glucose derivative.
• This polysaccharide is a primary component of cell walls in the fungi, arthropod exoskeletons such as crustaceans and insects, mollusc's radula, cephalopod beaks, and fish.

Hence, the correct option is B
NCERT Reference: Topic- Characteristics of the Five Kingdoms of chapter "Biological Classification" of NCERT.

A is TMV virus (Tobacco mosaic)

B is Bacertiophage 

Based on the provided statements, here is the correct assessment for both bacteriophages and Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV):

1. RNA is the genetic material: This is true only for TMV. Bacteriophages  have  DNA  as their genetic material.

2. Capability to infect bacteria: This is true only for bacteriophages. TMV infects plants.

3. Being obligate parasites: This is true for both bacteriophages and TMV. Both require a host cell to replicate.

4. Can be killed by antibiotics: This is not true for either. Antibiotics target bacterial processes and do not affect viruses.

The correct statement that is true for both bacteriophages and TMV is:

1. Being obligate endoparasites

Answer: C

Solution: Mycorrhiza refers to a symbiotic association between fungi and the roots of a plant. In this relationship, the fungus enhances the plant's nutrient and water absorption capabilities, while the plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates produced through photosynthesis. This mutually beneficial relationship is crucial for the health of many ecosystems, making Option C the correct answer.

• Deuteromycetes can’t produce spores sexually.
• Asexual spores in Deuteromycetes are called as Conidia.
• Deuteromycetes are also called as imperfect fungi due to absence of sexual reproduction.

Fig: Conidia

Hence, the correct answer is D
NCERT Reference: Topic Deuteromycetes” of chapter "Biological Classification" of NCERT.

Life cycle of plants has two distinct phases – the diploid sporophytic and the haploid gametophytic – that alternate with each other. The lengths of the haploid and diploid phases, and whether these phases are free– living or dependent on others, vary among different groups in plants. This phenomenon is called alternation of generation.

When a fungus reproduces sexually, two haploid hyphae of compatible mating types come together and fuse. In some fungi the fusion of two haploid cells immediately results in diploid cells (2n). However, in other fungi (ascomycetes and basidiomycetes), an intervening dikaryotic stage (n + n, i.e., two nuclei per cell) occurs; such a condition is called a dikaryon and the phase is called dikaryophase of fungus