Assertion & Reason Test: Federalism - Class 10 MCQ

(ii) State: Governors, all of whom are popularly elected, serve as the chief executive officers of the fifty states and five commonwealths and territories. As state managers, governors are responsible for implementing state laws and overseeing the operation of the state executive branch.

(iii) Municipal Corporation: The Mayor is the head of the municipal corporation, but in most states and territories of India the role is largely ceremonial as executive powers are vested in the Municipal Commissioner.

(iv) Gram Panchayat: A sarpanch or gram pradhan or mukya is a decision-maker, elected by the village-level constitutional body of local self-government called the Gram Sabha (village government) in India.

(ii) State List: In the Constitution, 'Agriculture' has been placed as Entry 14 in the State List along with several ancillary matters, while some agriculture-related items have been included in the Union List and the Concurrent List.

(iii) Concurrent list: The Indian constitution in its original enactment defined education as state subject. Under Article 42 of the constitution, an amendment was added in 1976 and education became a concurrent list subject which enables the central government to legislate it in the manner suited to it.

(iv) Residuary Subjects: Residuary Subjects are recognised as subjects that are not present in any of the lists stated in the constitution. The government of the Union has the powers to render law on Residuary Subjects. ,These subjects are e-commerce, Computer software and so on.

Correct answer is: At least one-third of all positions are reserved for women.

• When power is taken away from central and state governments and given to local government, it is called decentralisation. Decentralisation of powers is the sharing of powers among local self-governing bodies. It helps in proper functioning of government and through this, help by government can be reached to even remote parts of the country. On basis of decentralisation three tier Panchayat Raj system has been introduced.

• The basic idea behind decentralisation is that there are a large number of problems and issues which are best settled at the local level. People have better knowledge of problems in their localities. They also have better ideas on where to spend money and how to manage things more efficiently. Besides, at the local level it is possible for the people to directly participate in decision making. This helps to inculcate a habit of democratic participation. Local government is the best way to realise one important principle of democracy, namely local self-government.

Correct answer is: Union government – Residuary powers.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion because the federal and unitary systems of government are two different systems.
India has adopted a federal structure of government wherein powers and governance are divided between the centre, state, and local levels. The federal system allows for a responsive government that addresses the issues of their respective jurisdictions so that every stratum of society gets an equal opportunity to voice its opinions. On the other hand, there is a unitary system of government wherein the central government is supreme, and there is no distribution of powers among different levels of government.

Panchayat samitis of a district together form the zilla parishad. Zilla Parishad chairperson is the political head of the zilla parishad. Municipalities are set up in towns. Mayor is the head of municipal corporation. The reason does not however explain the assertion.

(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. The power of a large country is divided between constituent states and national government. The central government is more powerful than the states.

Hindi is the identified as official language of India. However, it is spoken by only 40 per cent of Indians. Thus, to safeguard the rights of other linguistic communities, 21 other languages were recognized as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution.

(a) Federalism