Test: Body Fluids and Circulation - Blood & Lymph (August 16) - NEET MCQ

Monocytes are phagocytic cells which destroy foreign organisms entering the body. There is no such information that it secretes Heparin.

• Heparin is a naturally occurring anticoagulant produced by basophils and mast cells. In therapeutic doses, it acts as an anticoagulant, preventing the formation of clots and extension of existing clots within the blood.
• Allergic reactions may generally be divided into two components; the early phase reaction, and the late phase reaction. Typically, the infiltrating cells observed in allergic reactions contain a high proportion of lymphocytes, and especially, of eosinophils.
• Basophils are a type of white blood cell. They produce histamine and serotonin that induce inflammation and heparin that prevents blood clotting, although there are less than that found in mast cell granules.
• Neutrophils are phagocytes, capable of ingesting microorganisms or particles.

Hence, the correct option is C

NCERT Reference: Topic “18.1.2 Formed Elements” of chapter 18: Body Fluids & Circulation of NCERT

• Lymph is the fluid present in the lymphatic system. Its main function is to return interstitial fluid back to the blood.
• Interstitial fluid is also called extracellular fluid, which is formed from blood due to various factors such as hydrostatic pressure, osmotic gradients, etc.

Hence, the correct option is B

NCERT Reference: Topic “18.2 LYMPH (TISSUE FLUID)” of chapter: Body Fluids & Circulation of NCERT

Erythropoiesis is the process of producing red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes. It is a crucial process that occurs in the body after birth to maintain an adequate supply of red blood cells, which are responsible for carrying oxygen to various tissues and organs.

Bone marrow is the primary site of erythropoiesis in the human body. It is a soft, spongy tissue found in the hollow interior of bones, and it contains stem cells that can differentiate into various types of blood cells, including red blood cells. The bone marrow continuously produces new red blood cells to replace the old or damaged ones that are removed from circulation.

• Option A, the liver, is not involved in erythropoiesis in significant amounts after birth. However, during fetal development, the liver does play a role in producing red blood cells.
• Option B, the spleen, is not a primary site of erythropoiesis. While it can produce red blood cells in certain situations, such as in cases of increased demand or under certain pathological conditions, it is not a normal site of erythropoiesis after birth.
• Option C, the kidneys, also play a role in erythropoiesis, but it is not a primary site. They produce a hormone called erythropoietin, which stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. However, the kidneys themselves do not produce red blood cells.

Therefore, the correct answer is D: Bone marrow, as it is the primary site of erythropoiesis after birth in the human body.

NCERT Reference: Topic “Formed Elements” of chapter:  Body Fluids & Circulation of NCERT

Lymph glands, also known as lymph nodes, are small, oval-shaped organs that are part of the lymphatic system, which is a network of vessels and organs that play a role in the body's immune response. Lymph nodes are primarily responsible for filtering and trapping pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, from the lymphatic fluid, and they also contain immune cells, including white blood cells (WBCs), which help fight infections.

The main functions of lymph glands, which are listed in the answer choices, are as follows:

A: Forming WBCs - This is a correct statement. Lymph glands contain specialized areas called germinal centers, where B cells and T cells, which are types of white blood cells, mature and proliferate in response to infections.

B: Forming RBCs - This is an incorrect statement. Lymph glands are not involved in the formation of red blood cells (RBCs), which occurs primarily in the bone marrow.

C: Destroying bacteria - This is a correct statement. Lymph glands are an important part of the body's immune response and play a role in filtering and trapping bacteria and other pathogens from the lymphatic fluid, thereby helping to destroy them.

D: Forming antibodies - This is a correct statement. Lymph glands contain B cells, which are responsible for producing antibodies, which are proteins that help the body fight off infections.

Therefore, the correct answer is B: Forming RBCs, as lymph glands are not involved in the formation of red blood cells.

NCERT Reference: Topic “LYMPH (TISSUE FLUID) ” of chapter: Body Fluids & Circulation of NCERT

• Blood has four main components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
• Blood has many different functions, including transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues forming blood clots to prevent excess blood loss.

Hence, the correct option is D

NCERT Reference: Topic “Formed Elements” of chapter: Body Fluids & Circulation of NCERT

• Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that are known for their ability to rapidly engulf and destroy pathogens. Neutrophils react within an hour of tissue injury and are the hallmark of acute inflammation & engulf pathogens quickly.
• Neutrophils, are the most abundant type of white blood cells and form an integral part of the immune system. These phagocytes are normally found in the bloodstream. However, during the acute phase of inflammation, particularly as a result of bacterial infection, neutrophils leave the vasculature and migrate toward the site of inflammation in a process called chemotaxis.
• They are the predominant cells in pus, accounting for its whitish/yellowish appearance.
• Acidophils and basophils are not phagocytic in nature.
• Monocytes are also phagocytes but take 7-8 hours to reach at the site of injury.

Hence, the correct answer is option (D)
NCERT Reference: Topic “Formed Elements” of chapter: Body Fluids & Circulation of NCERT

The correct answer is Monocytes. 

White blood cells, or leukocytes, are crucial components of the immune system. They can be divided into two main groups: granulocytes and agranulocytes (non-granulocytes).

Granulocytes are white blood cells with granules in their cytoplasm. These granules contain enzymes and proteins that help in the immune response. There are three types of granulocytes:

• Neutrophils: These are the most abundant white blood cells, and they help in fighting off bacterial infections.
• Eosinophils: These cells play a role in combating parasitic infections and are involved in allergic reactions.
• Basophils: These cells are involved in inflammatory and allergic responses, and they release histamine and other mediators.

Agranulocytes (non-granulocytes) are white blood cells without granules in their cytoplasm. There are two main types of agranulocytes:

• Monocytes: These cells are the largest white blood cells, and they can differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells. They play a role in phagocytosis, which is the process of engulfing and destroying pathogens and cellular debris.
• Lymphocytes: These cells are the primary cells of the adaptive immune response, and they can be further divided into T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells.

In conclusion, monocytes are non-granulocytes because they do not have granules in their cytoplasm, unlike neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, which are all granulocytes. Monocytes play a vital role in the immune system, particularly in phagocytosis and differentiation into other cell types. 

NCERT Reference: Topic “Formed Elements” of chapter: Body Fluids & Circulation of NCERT

• Basically antigens are present on the cell surface.
• Your immune system “sees” foreign invaders, like viruses, by looking at antigens produced from the proteins in those viruses.

Hence, the correct option is D

NCERT Reference: Topic “Blood Groups” of Chapter: Body Fluids & Circulation of NCERT

• Rh factor, or ‘Rhesus factor’, is a group of antigens that determine the blood group of human beings is Rh-positive or Rh-negative. If a person’s blood group is O +ve, the person has no A or B antigens and Rh factors on the RBCs.
• The factor was discovered first when Landsteiner and Weiner immunised a rabbit with blood in Rhesus macaques, hence the name.
• The antibodies are known as anti-Rh.
• These factors have been discovered only in humans and Rhesus monkeys.

Hence, the correct option is C
NCERT Reference: Sub-topic “Rh grouping” of chapter: Body Fluids & Circulation of NCERT

The correct answer is b, Erythrocyte. The reason is that the other three cell types (Neutrophil, Monocyte, and Lymphocyte) are all white blood cells or leukocytes, while Erythrocyte is a red blood cell.

White Blood Cells (Leukocytes):

• White blood cells are part of the immune system and help protect the body from infections and diseases.
• They are produced in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood and lymphatic system.

The three types of white blood cells mentioned here are:

1. Neutrophils

• They are the most abundant type of white blood cells.
• Their primary function is to engulf and destroy bacteria and other foreign substances.

2. Monocytes

• They are the largest type of white blood cells.
• They mainly function as phagocytes, which means they can engulf and digest cellular debris and foreign particles.

3. Lymphocytes

• They are the second most abundant type of white blood cells.
• They play a crucial role in the adaptive immune response, which includes producing antibodies and activating other immune cells.

Red Blood Cells

Erythrocytes

• Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, are the most common type of blood cell.
• Their primary function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and remove carbon dioxide.
• They contain a protein called hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and gives red blood cells their characteristic red color.

In summary, Erythrocyte is the odd one out because it is a red blood cell involved in oxygen transport, while Neutrophils, Monocytes, and Lymphocytes are all white blood cells with roles in the immune system.

NCERT Reference: Topic “Formed Elements” of chapter: Body Fluids & Circulation of NCERT