Test: Human Excretory System (August 21) - NEET MCQ

The correct option is B Glomerulus
The uriniferous tubule is divided into the proximal tubule, the intermediate (thin) tubule, the distal tubule and the collecting duct. So, glomerulus does not belonging uriniferous tubule.

The thick segment of the ascending limb of Henle's loop extends as DCT. Cortical nephrons do not have vasa recta. PCT and DCT are situated in cortex of the kidney. Bowman's capsule encloses the glomerulus.

Transitional epithelium permits distension. The transitional epithelium of urinary bladder can be stretched considerably, thus, it dilates a good deal as urine enters into it.

The dotted appearance of cortex of kidney is due to the presence of convoluted parts of the tubule (proximal and distal convoluted tubules).

A fall in glomerular blood flow/glomerular blood pressure/glomerular filtration rate can activate the jwtaglomerular cells to release renin which regulates the kidney function.

A nephron is a unit of structure and function in a kidney. Each kidney contains about a million nephrons A nephron is a long tubule differentiated into Bowman's capsule, PCT, loop of Henle and DCT, each part is having its own partiular function. 

Kangaroo rat lives in desert, therefore, it needs to conserve water in the body. In kangaroo rat, loop of Henle is significantly longer as it descends further into the medulla and produces a higher concentration gradient in the surrounding tissue so as to produce urine which is 18 times concentrated than that of their blood. This gradient allows more water to diffuse into surrounding tissues to be reabsorbed.

Each nephron has a blind cup shaped structure called Bowman's, capsule. Bowman's capsule encloses glomerulus and is a site of ultrafiltration. Therefore, the number of nephrons in kidney is equal to the number of Bowman's capsule. Malpighian body (renal corpuscle) is a collective term used for Bowman's capsule and its glomerulus.

Podocytes are the special type of cells present in the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule. These cells have foot like processes called pedicels. The space between the pedicels are called slit pores through which the glomerular filtrate filters.

Blood enters glomerulus through afferent arteriole and leaves through efferent arteriole.