Test: Heredity - 1 - UPSC MCQ

Genes play a crucial role in controlling characteristics or traits of organisms by providing instructions for making specific proteins. Proteins are essential molecules that perform a wide range of functions in the body, including regulating growth, metabolism, and other processes that ultimately determine an organism's physical appearance, behavior, and other traits.

One parent is homozygous for one allele, and the other parent is homozygous for the other allele. The offspring make up the first filial (F1) generation. Every member of the F1 generation is heterozygous and the phenotype of the F1 generation expresses the dominant trait.

The DNA in the nucleus of a cell is the information source for making proteins. If the information is changed, different proteins will be made.

Tall with round seeds

Since tallness of plant and round shape of seeds are dominant characters, these will be expressed in F₂ generation.

Each cell has two copies of chromosome one inherited from each mother and father. Every germ cell is taking one chromosome from each pair that may from either maternal origin or paternal. When these two germ cell combine, they restore the normal no. of the chromosome in the progeny maintaining the stability of DNA

Explanation: Sexual reproduction involves the participation of two parents for the process of reproduction. During fertilization, the fusion of male and female gametes results in the creation of a zygote with a full set of chromosomes. This leads to the sharing of genetic information between the parents.

Explanation: 

Humans follow XX- XY mechanism of sex determination.

Explanation:  Protiens can play a crucial role in controlling characteristics or traits in organisms and also can affect the efficiency of processes like hormone production, which, in turn, can impact the expression of traits. 

Explanation:The genetic material for a child is equally contributed by both parents. An organism develops from zygote which in turn is product of fusion of male and female gamete.

Since the size of body can vary person to person according to lifestyle and diet  and is not same from generation to generation.For e.g., A fat boy can have a slim father or mother or both.
Skin complexion or skin color is an inherited characteristic. Hair is a trait that is passed down through generations so it is an inherited characteristic.