Test: Biotechnology & its Applications- 2 - NEET MCQ

The term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organizations without proper authorization from the countries and people concerned without contemporary payment is Bio-piracy. It happens when biological resources are taken or exploited without official sanction.

Topic in NCERT: Biopiracy

Line in NCERT: "biopiracy is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from the countries and people concerned without compensatory payment."

Cry gene produce toxin protein that chocks the gut of insects in presence of alkaline pH to cause death of insects. It is not effective against rodents.

Topic in NCERT: Pest resistant plants

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Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium forms protein crystals during particular phase of growth. The crystal of toxic protein has insecticidal protein. This protein get activated in alkaline medium in the gut of insects and kills them.

Topic in NCERT: Bt cotton

Line in NCERT: "b. thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular phase of their growth. these crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein."

Alpha-1-antitrysin gene is used to treat emphysema disease. This disease causes breakdown of alveoli cell and reducing the surface area for exchange of gases.

Topic in NCERT: Biological products

Line in NCERT: "transgenic animals that produce useful biological products can be created by the introduction of the portion of dna (or genes) which codes for a particular product such as human protein (α-1-antitrypsin) used to treat emphysema."

The main challenge for production of insulin using rDNA technique was getting insulin assembled into a mature form

Topic in NCERT: Genetically engineered insulin

Line in NCERT: "the main challenge for production of insulin using rdna techniques was getting insulin assembled into a mature form."

Hereditary diseases are due to defects in gene. Gene can be corrected at embryonic stage by gene therapy technique in which genes are inserted into person cells or tissue to take over the function of defective gene.

Topic in NCERT: Gene therapy

Line in NCERT: "gene therapy is the insertion of genes into an individual's cells and tissues to treat diseases especially hereditary diseases."

Two peptide chains A and B in insulin are linked via sulphur to form a disulphide linkage or disulphide bridge.

Topic in NCERT: Genetically engineered insulin

Line in NCERT: "chains a and b were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulfide bonds to form human insulin."

Radioactively labeled probe can be detected by autoradiography. A single stranded DNA or RNA tagged with a radioactive molecule is allowed to hybridise to its complementary DNA in a clone of cells followed by detecting using autoradiography.

Topic in NCERT: Molecular diagnosis

Line in NCERT: "a single stranded dna or rna, tagged with a radioactive molecule (probe) is allowed to hybridise to its complementary dna in a clone of cells followed by detection using autoradiography."

Pro-insulin differ from mature insulin as pro-insulin contain C-peptide which is absent in mature insulin.

Topic in NCERT: Genetically engineered insulin

Line in NCERT: "this c peptide is not present in the mature insulin and is removed during maturation into insulin."

Transgenic cow Rossie produced human protein enriched milk that contain 2.4 gram of protein per litre. The milk contained the human alpha-lacalbumin protein.

Topic in NCERT: Biological products

Line in NCERT: "in 1997, the first transgenic cow, rosie, produced human protein-enriched milk (2.4 grams per litre)."

Transgenic model for treatment of disease is available today for cancer, cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis disease.

Topic in NCERT: Study of disease

Line in NCERT: "today transgenic models exist for many human diseases such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and alzheimer's."

Transgenic animals are used to study the toxicity effects of certain chemical in which animals are made to carry gene which make them more sensitive to toxic substance and exposed to toxic substance to be studied.

Topic in NCERT: Transgenic animals

Line in NCERT: "transgenic animals are made that carry genes which make them more sensitive to toxic substances than non-transgenic animals. they are then exposed to the toxic substances and the effects studied."

Useful biological products are obtained from transgenic animals to treat disease like Emphysema, Cystic fibrosis and Phenylketonuria.

Topic in NCERT: Biological products

Line in NCERT: "transgenic animals that produce useful biological products can be created by the introduction of the portion of dna (or genes) which codes for a particular product such as human protein (α-1-antitrypsin) used to treat emphysema. similar attempts are being made for treatment of phenylketonuria (pku) and cystic fibrosis."

In 1997, an American company got patent rights on Basmati rice through the US patent and trademark office. This allowed the company to sell a new variety of Basmati in the US and abroad.

Topic in NCERT: Basmati, in the us and abroad

Line in NCERT: "in 1997, an american company got patent rights on basmati rice through the us patent and trademark office."

The right granted to the company or organization of which others cannot use it is called biopatent. This right is given as intellectual right to the company.

Topic in NCERT: Biotechnology and its applications

Line in NCERT: "the patent extends to functional equivalents, implying that other people selling basmati rice could be restricted by the patent."