Test: AIDS & Cancer - NEET MCQ

HIV specifically targets and infects helper T-lymphocytes (TH cells), which play a key role in the immune system's response. This leads to a weakened immune system, making the body more susceptible to infections.

Topic in NCERT: Hiv replication and impact on helper t-lymphocytes

Line in NCERT: "hiv enters into helper t-lymphocytes (t), replicates and produce progeny viruses. the progeny viruses released in the blood attack other helper t-lymphocytes."

A biopsy involves taking a tissue sample from the suspected area and examining it under a microscope to detect cancerous changes in the cells.

Topic in NCERT: Biopsy and histopathological studies

Line in NCERT: "in biopsy, a piece of the suspected tissue cut into thin sections is stained and examined under microscope (histopathological studies) by a pathologist."

Statement i is correct as HIV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact and contaminated needles.
Statement ii is incorrect as HIV is not transmitted through casual contact like hugging or shaking hands.
Statement iii is correct because HIV can be transmitted from an infected mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
Statement iv is correct as HIV can be transmitted via blood transfusions with contaminated blood.
Thus, the correct answer is Option C: i, iii, and iv.

Topic in NCERT: Transmission of hiv infection

Line in NCERT: "hiv infection generally occurs by (a) sexual contact with infected person, (b) by transfusion of contaminated blood and blood products, (c) by sharing infected needles as in the case of intravenous drug abusers and (d) from infected mother to her child through placenta."

Statement i is incorrect because chemotherapy is one treatment, but not the only one, and it is not effective for all types of cancer.
Statement ii is correct as radiotherapy is used to irradiate and kill cancer cells, particularly in localized tumors.
Statement iii is correct as immunotherapy boosts the immune system to help identify and destroy cancer cells.
Statement iv is incorrect because early detection significantly improves the chances of successful treatment.
Thus, the correct answer is Option A: ii and iii.

Topic in NCERT: Treatment of cancer

Line in NCERT: "treatment of cancer: the common approaches for treatment of cancer are surgery, radiation therapy and immunotherapy. in radiotherapy, tumor cells are irradiated lethally, taking proper care of the normal tissues surrounding the tumor mass."
"many cancers are curable if detected early and appropriate therapeutic measures are taken."

Statement i is incorrect because benign tumors do not spread; they remain localized.
Statement ii is correct as malignant tumors invade surrounding tissues and can spread to distant sites (metastasis).
Statement iii is correct as benign tumors usually do not cause significant damage and stay localized.
Statement iv is incorrect because malignant tumors are usually fast-growing and not confined to their original location.
Thus, the correct answer is Option B: ii and iii.

Topic in NCERT: Tumors: benign and malignant

Line in NCERT: "benign tumors normally remain confined to their original location and do not spread to other parts of the body and cause little damage. the malignant tumors, on the other hand are a mass of proliferating cells called neoplastic or tumor cells. these cells grow very rapidly, invading and damaging the surrounding normal tissues. cells sloughed from such tumors reach distant sites through blood, and wherever they get lodged in the body, they start a new tumor there. this property called metastasis is the most feared property of malignant tumors."

Statement i is incorrect because there is no complete cure for HIV/AIDS, but the disease can be managed with treatment.
Statement ii is correct as anti-retroviral drugs help control the replication of HIV and can prolong life.
Statement iii is correct because safe sex practices and other preventive measures can reduce the transmission of HIV, and there is no current vaccine.
Statement iv is incorrect as HIV treatment can be effective throughout the course of the disease, not just in the early stages.
Thus, the correct answer is Option B: ii and iii.

Topic in NCERT: Treatment of aids with anti-retroviral drugs

Line in NCERT: "treatment of aids with anti-retroviral drugs is only partially effective. they can only prolong the life of the patient but cannot prevent death, which is inevitable."

HIV primarily infects helper T-lymphocytes (TH cells), which are critical for coordinating the immune response. As these cells are destroyed, the immune system becomes weakened.

Topic in NCERT: Human health and disease

Line in NCERT: "hiv enters into helper t-lymphocytes (t), replicates and produce progeny viruses."

Liver cancer can be associated with oncogenic viruses that carry viral oncogenes. These genes contribute to the transformation of normal cells into cancerous cells. Infected individuals may develop liver cancer due to these viral influences.

Topic in NCERT: Causes of cancer

Line in NCERT: "cancer causing viruses called oncogenic viruses have genes called viral oncogenes."

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and CT (Computed Tomography) scans are commonly used to detect cancers in internal organs. These imaging techniques provide detailed pictures of the body's internal structures, helping to identify tumors.

Topic in NCERT: Cancer detection and diagnosis

Line in NCERT: "techniques like radiography (use of x-rays), ct (computed tomography) and mri (magnetic resonance imaging) are very useful to detect cancers of the internal organs."

α-interferon is a biological response modifier used in cancer treatment. It activates the immune system, helping the body detect and destroy tumor cells that have evaded immune recognition.

Topic in NCERT: Treatment of cancer

Line in NCERT: "tumor cells have been shown to avoid detection and destruction by immune system. therefore, the patients are given substances called biological response modifiers such as α-interferon which activates their immune system and helps in destroying the tumor."