Test: Biotechnology & Its Applications - 1 - NEET MCQ

Genetically modified plants are more tolerant to abiotic stress like cold, drought, heat etc. GM plants enhance nutritional value of food such as vitamin A enriched rice. Genetically modified plants are not carcinogenic or cancer causing.

Topic in NCERT: Biotechnological applications in agriculture

Line in NCERT: "genetic modification has: (i) made crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses (cold, drought, salt, heat). (ii) enhanced nutritional value of food, e.g., golden rice, i.e., vitamin ‘a' enriched rice."

Transgenic organisms produce useful biological products. Human protein α-1-antitrypsin is used to treat emphysema is also obtained from transgenic animal.

Topic in NCERT: Biological products

Line in NCERT: "human protein (α-1-antitrypsin) used to treat emphysema."

Specific Bt toxin gene is isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and incorporated into several crop plants. The protein encoded by gene CryI Ab controls corn borer.

Topic in NCERT: Bt toxin and pest resistance

Line in NCERT: "the proteins encoded by the genes cryiac and cryllab control the cotton bollworms, that of crylab controls corn borer."

First gene therapy was done in 1990 to a 4 year old girl with a ADA deficiency. ADA enzyme is essential for proper functioning of immune system.

Topic in NCERT: Gene therapy

Line in NCERT: "the first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year old girl with adenosine deaminase (ada) deficiency."

RNA interference (RNAi) is present in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense. This method involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to complementary dsRNA molecules that binds and prevents translation of the mRNA.

Topic in NCERT: Pest resistant plants

Line in NCERT: "pest resistant plants: several nematodes parasitise a wide variety of plants and animals including human beings. a nematode meloidegyne incognitia infects the roots of tobacco plants and causes a great reduction in yield. a novel strategy was adopted to prevent this infestation which was based on the process of rna interference (rnai)."

The first transgenic cow is Rosie which produced human protein riched milk having alpha-lactalbumin, which is more balanced than conventional cow’s milk.

Topic in NCERT: Biological products

Line in NCERT: "in 1997, the first transgenic cow, rosie, produced human protein-enriched milk (2.4 grams per litre)."

Transgenic animals have had their DNA manipulated to possess and express foreign gene. Transgenic cow, rat, rabbits and fish have been produced.

Topic in NCERT: Transgenic animals

Line in NCERT: "animals that have had their dna manipulated to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene are known as transgenic animals."

Bt toxin is obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium that can kill certain insects like tobacco budworm, armyworm, beetles and flies.

Topic in NCERT: Biotechnology and its applications

Line in NCERT: "bt toxin is produced by a bacterium called bacillus thuringiensis (bt for short)."

A collection of methods that allows the correction of a gene that has been diagnosed in a child/embryo is called gene therapy. It consists of various processes. In this, the defective genes are corrected and replaced with normal, healthy genes.

Topic in NCERT: Gene therapy

Line in NCERT: "gene therapy is a collection of methods that allows correction of a gene defect that has been diagnosed in a child/embryo."

α-1 antitrypsin is a protein that inhibits proteases like elastase. Deficiency of this protein can cause emphysema (lung damage due to the uncontrolled action of enzymes).

C-peptide is a part of proinsulin (the precursor to insulin), and C-peptide is cleaved during the formation of insulin. This helps identify and monitor insulin production.

Human lactalbumin is a protein involved in milk production and is used in creating a genetically modified organism known as Rosie, a cow genetically engineered to produce human milk proteins.

ADA deficiency (Adenosine Deaminase deficiency) is related to Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), a genetic disorder affecting the immune system.

Thus, the correct matching is:

A (α-1 antitrypsin) → (ii) Emphysema

B (C-peptide) → (iv) Proinsulin

C (Human lactalbumin) → (iii) Rosie

D (ADA deficiency) → (i) SCID

Therefore, the correct answer is Option D.

Earlier time insulin required for controlling blood sugar was obtained from slaughtered cattle and pigs. This insulin caused allergy in diabetic patients.

Topic in NCERT: Genetically engineered insulin

Line in NCERT: "insulin used for diabetes was earlier extracted from pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs."

Biopiracy is the use of biological resources without proper authorization from country or people concerned without compensate payment.

Topic in NCERT: Biopiracy

Line in NCERT: "biopiracy is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from the countries and people concerned without compensatory payment."

ELISA is abbreviation of Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. It is used to detected the disease at early stage.

Topic in NCERT: Biotechnological applications in medicine

Line in NCERT: "recombinant dna technology, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (elisa) are some of the techniques that serve the purpose of early diagnosis."

Golden rice is enriched in Vitamin A. This variety of rice is obtained by adding gene into wild variety that produces vitamin A enriched seeds.

Topic in NCERT: Biotechnological applications in agriculture

Line in NCERT: "enhanced nutritional value of food, e.g., golden rice, i.e., vitamin ‘a' enriched rice."

In 1983, the American company Eli Lily prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B and introduced into plasmid of E.coli to produce insulin chain.

Topic in NCERT: Genetically engineered insulin

Line in NCERT: "in 1983, eli lilly an american company prepared two dna sequences corresponding to a and b, chains of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of e. coli to produce insulin chains."