Test: Population Explosion & Birth Control - NEET MCQ

a) Most birth control pills are "combination pills" containing a mix of the hormones estrogen and progesterone to prevent ovulation.

b) A condom acts as a physical barrier that prevents sperm from entering the uterus and reaching an egg.

c) The testes still make sperm, but the sperm die and are absorbed by the body. A man who has had a vasectomy still makes semen and is able to ejaculate. But the semen doesn't contain sperm.

d) The copper IUD works by stopping the sperm and egg meeting and changing the lining of the uterus/womb. This makes it difficult for a fertilised egg to stick to the lining to start a pregnancy. When it is first inserted (put in) it starts working straight away to prevent pregnancy.

Line in NCERT: Not Found

Periodic abstinence is one such method in which the couples avoid or abstain from coitus from day 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle when ovulation could be expected.

Line in NCERT: "Periodic abstinence is one such method in which the couples avoid or abstain from coitus from day 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle when ovulation could be expected."

Diaphragms ain't spermicidal Because it doesn't kill the sperms instead prevents sperm entry as they are to be placed in the cervical region as a barrier / cover .

Line in NCERT: "Diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults are also barriers made of rubber that are inserted into the female reproductive tract to cover the cervix during coitus. They prevent conception by blocking the entry of sperms through the cervix."

To analyze the statements provided, we will evaluate each one separately.

Step 1: Evaluate Statement I
Statement I: Oral Contraceptive pills are a safeguard against AIDS and sexual diseases besides checking pregnancy.

- Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) are designed to prevent pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation and altering the uterine lining.
- They do not provide protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or HIV/AIDS.
- Therefore, this statement is incorrect.

Step 2: Evaluate Statement II
Statement II: Copper-T is a physical barrier preventing the body fluid of two partners to come in contact.

- Copper-T is an intrauterine device (IUD) that is used for contraception.
- It works by preventing fertilization and does not act as a physical barrier to prevent body fluids from coming into contact, as it is placed inside the uterus.
- Physical barriers that prevent body fluids from mixing include condoms and diaphragms, not Copper-T.
- Therefore, this statement is also incorrect.

Conclusion
Both statements I and II are incorrect.

Intra uterine device (IUD) is a method of contraception in India. The IUD is inserted in the woman’s uterus through the cervix.

Line in NCERT: "IUDs are ideal contraceptives for the females who want to delay pregnancy and/or space children. It is one of most widely accepted methods of contraception in India."

In sterilisation method method, tubectomy or vasectomy is used in which the fallopian tube and vas deferens are cut respectively. This prevents the transfer of sperms in males and ova in females for fertilisation permanently. So this is the safest method.

Line in NCERT: "Surgical intervention blocks gamete transport and thereby prevent conception. Sterilisation procedure in the male is called 'vasectomy' and that in the female, ‘tubectomy’. These techniques are highly effective but their reversibility is very poor."

• IMR stands for Infant Mortality Ratio.
• It refers to the death rate of infants owing to poor health, developmental deficits, or infections.
• Increased medications and hygienic conditions have resulted in a decline in IMR.

Line in NCERT: "Infant mortality rate (IMR) as well as an increase in number of people in reproducible age are probable reasons for this."

• MMR stands for maternal mortality rate.
• This refers to the death post-pregnancy.
• Due to increased medical facilities and improvised techniques and transport, there has been a sharp decline in MMR.

MTP is Medical Termination of Pregnancy. It also called induced abortion. It is the medical way of getting rid of unwanted pregnancy. Any qualified gynecologist (MD/DGO) can perform MTP. Any MBBS Doctor, who has obtained training in MTP, is allowed to perform this procedure. However, MTP should always be performed at a place recognized by government authorities.

Line in NCERT: "Intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before full term is called medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) or induced abortion."