Business Studies: CUET Mock Test - 6 - CUET MCQ

Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do when to do, and who is to do it. Planning involves setting objective and developing appropriate courses of action to achieve these objectives.

Water pollution can be identified by testing its PH level and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)  Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater). This form of environmental degradation occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds. Acid rains, dumping of chemicals into the water by individuals, industries, and communities.; steam from coal mine drainage etc affect the pH of the water in its reservoir. Thus by testing the pH of water, on the scale from 1 to 14, the pollution in water can be identified.  Biochemical oxygen demand is a measure of the quantity of oxygen used by microorganisms (e.g., aerobic bacteria)  in the oxidation of organic matter. This value varies with the amount of pollution in water hence pollution can be determined by BOD.

So, the correct answer is 'Both a and b'.

A process is an instance of program execution. This means, for example, that if you open up two browser windows then you have two processes, even though they are running the same program.
The life-cycle of a process can be described by a state diagram which has states representing the execution status of the process at various times and transitions that represent changes in execution status.
The operating system maintains management information about a process in a process control block (PCB). Modern operating systems allow a process to be divided into multiple threads of execution, which share all process management information except for information directly related to execution. This information is held in a thread control block (TCB).
Threads in a process can execute different parts of the program code at the same time. They can also execute the same parts of the code at the same time, but with different execution state:
They have independent current instructions; that is, they have (or appear to have) independent program counters.
They are working with different data; that is, they are (or appear to be) working with independent registers

MANAGEMENT is all about the art of getting things done through others. All the elements are non-living and can be controlled in an organisation but we need people to manage and direct the non-living things into most productive uses.

As a result of these developments the management has reached a stage where everything is to be managed professionally. The entry to any profession is restricted through a prescribed qualification. But there is no restriction on anyone being appointed as a manager in any business enterprise.

A  Division of work leads to specialisation, where employees focus on repetitive tasks to gain expertise.
B (Responsibility) is the obligation of subordinates to complete their assigned tasks.
C (Authority) is the right of a superior to make decisions and command subordinates.
D (Accountability) means the subordinate is answerable for the outcome of their tasks.

• The three levels of management typically found in an organization are low-level management, middle-level management, and top-level management.
• Top-level managers are responsible for controlling and overseeing the entire organization.

The board of directors, president, vice-president, and CEO are all examples of top-level managers.

These managers are responsible for controlling and overseeing the entire organization. They develop goals, strategic plans, company policies, and make decisions on the direction of the business.

The work performed by top level management is complex and stressful as their basic task is to integrate diverse elements and coordinate the activities of different departments according to the overall objectives of the organisation.

B. Debt Financing (1): Debt financing introduces financial risk because the company must repay the borrowed funds, and if not properly managed, it can lead to bankruptcy.
A. Capital Structure (2): The capital structure decision influences the return on investment (RoI) and cost of debt. Companies use capital structure to balance risk and return, affecting the value of their shares.
C. Financial Planning (3): Financial planning helps businesses forecast their future needs and sources of funds, enabling efficient operations.
D. Working Capital (4): Working capital is calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets, determining the liquidity available to run day-to-day operations.

Management is a group activity. Management is an activity which is necessary wherever there is a group of people working in an organization.

To expand both domestically and internationally
The passage highlights Indian Oil's efforts to expand globally, including their ventures into Bangladesh and Nepal.

₹75,000 crore
The passage mentions that Indian Oil invested ₹75,000 crore during the period from 2012-2017.

Refinery expansion and new pipelines
The passage specifies that investments were focused on refinery expansions, quality upgrades, and new pipeline projects.

Nepal
Indian Oil planned to open an office in Nepal, as indicated in the passage.

₹20,000 crore
The passage mentions that Indian Oil planned to invest ₹20,000 crore in 2017-18.

Objectives of management include organizational, social and personal. So political objective is not an objective of management. 

1 - C: Controlling ensures that activities are aligned with organizational goals, making sure everything is on track.
2 - B: Effective control maintains discipline and minimizes deviations from the planned process.
3 - A: Motivated employees are more likely to achieve the set targets, making them crucial to organizational success.
4 - D: Control mechanisms help identify inefficiencies in operations, enabling resource optimization.

Setting objectives
The passage clearly states that setting objectives is the first step in the planning process.

Due to the need for regular updates based on new conditions
The passage explains that planning is continuous as it requires regular updates to adjust to changes in the business environment.

It provides direction and avoids redundancy
The passage emphasizes that planning provides direction and minimizes redundant efforts by coordinating actions within the organization.

Assumptions made about the future
'Premises' refer to assumptions about the future, which form the basis for making plans, as per the passage.

By preparing for changes and anticipating challenges
The passage states that planning allows organizations to prepare for changes and manage uncertainties in the business environment.

• Providing facilities such as schools and hospitals is a social objective of management.
• Social objectives involve creating benefits for society.
• Correct answer: A (Social Objectives).

Management is both science and art.

Science can be defined as a systematized body of knowledge, with principles based on cause-and-effect relationships.

Correct answer: B (Systematized body of knowledge).

The word management denotes a function, a task, a discipline.

 Effectiveness in management is concerned with doing the right task/completing activities/achieving goals within the prescribed time. In other words, it is concerned with end results.

They are the ones, responsible for developing the policies and goals for the organization. On the other hand, middle level managers interpret these policies in terms of plans and objectives and works towards implementing them with the help of the operational management. The operational management as per the instructions of the middle management directly oversees the actual work process.

Coordination is not a separate function of management but it is the essence of management. Any organization has different types of department. All These departments have their own set of work,while doing this work, there is high probability of some clashes,and that's the time we need coordination. Management synchronizes the activity of different departments and individuals towards the achievement of organizational goal.

Business risk is the uncertainty of profit due to various seen and unforeseen causes when there is inadequate profit or even losses its because of some such causes which itself is business risk.

Non-economic activities are those activities which do not generate any income or money while they are carried out. Patriotism, sentiment, sympathy are all emotions, feelings of an individual whereas teaching is an activity which involves money transfer after it is carried out (unless it is intentionally carried out without any pay). Because a teacher gets salary for teaching, it is not an example of non-economic activity.