CLAT Practice Test- 29 - CLAT MCQ

Taking a look at Yang Xin, Nie Li's gaze shifted to the distant sky and said, "Outside Glory City, there's the St.

Ancestral Mountains. The St. Ancestral Mountains stretches for thousands of miles, with two tribes still luckily surviving. Further out of the St. Ancestral Mountains, to the east, would be the Endless Desert, in the west there are barren lands, plains, Toxic Forest and a lot other places. All of those places still have people surviving. There are demon beasts everywhere in the Divine Continent. There are even dozens of continents beyond the Divine Continent. These continents are the main worlds, within the main world, there are many other subsidiary realms. Outside these worlds, there's another domain……"

Hearing the latter part, Yang Xin couldn't understand anything that Nie Li is talking about. What Main World?

What subsidiary realm? What other domain? She can only guess that the world that Nie Li spoke of should be extremely huge, to the extent that she'll never be able to gaze her eyes upon in her entire life. Yang Xin sighed at the insignificance of humans. In this vast world, they're trapped in this small Glory City and are struggling to survive.

"To the vast world, cheers……" Yang Xin rose her head and gulped the entire cup in one go. "I, Yang Xin, am an orphan. I suffered all kinds of ridicule when I was a child and slowly climbed my way up to my current position.

What did I rely on? Appearance? Wrong, I relied on strength! Until now, those men who competed with me, which one of them is not convinced?" Yet, today, Yang Xin felt light-headed. Whenever she thought about Ye Ziyun, she couldn't help feeling dejected and so, she gulped the anodyne in her hand, in one go.

Q. How can we best replace the word 'subsidiary' in the given context?

Low wages, large numbers of casual and contract workers, authoritarianism in the workplace, unjust victimisation of workers who are at the forefront of resistance, the coming together of company and state to put down worker resistance with a heavy hand and the lack of a fighting spirit on the part of the central trade unions affiliated to the mainstream political parties - these are what the workers are up against, even in the public sector.

One is reminded of the 44-day strike that began in April this year of thousands of contract workers, of the public sector Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC), who have been struggling for many years to win wage parity with the company's permanent workers and the regularisation of their jobs. Sadly, the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) and the Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU) allied with it did not even give a call for the permanent workers to ally with these contract workers. Instead, all the AITUC did was to appeal to Jayalalithaa, the chief minister of Tamil Nadu, in which the NLC is located, to intervene on behalf of the workers and prevail upon the central government to help settle the strike in their favour.

This, when the Tamil Nadu police had been ordered to arrest the striking workers after their strike had been declared "illegal" through a court order.

The political parties, to which the AITUC and the CITU are affiliated, had entered into a thoroughly opportunistic alliance with Jayalalithaa's AIADMK in the state assembly elections last year and wanted to keep the alliance going.

Indeed, it was the AIADMK government along with the central government, which controls the NLC that was instrumental in the defeat of the strike when the AITUC decided to call it off after some vague promises of regularisation were made, without, of course, any agreement on pay parity. If this then is the plight of workers in leading enterprises in the private and public sector, Maruti Suzuki and NLC, one can only imagine what their predicament is in labour-intensive manufacturing like apparel and footwear, and in the sweatshops of diamond cutting and polishing, all industries where the growth of exports is faltering.

Q. Which of the following options has not been mentioned as some of the challenges that workers face?

Low wages, large numbers of casual and contract workers, authoritarianism in the workplace, unjust victimisation of workers who are at the forefront of resistance, the coming together of company and state to put down worker resistance with a heavy hand and the lack of a fighting spirit on the part of the central trade unions affiliated to the mainstream political parties - these are what the workers are up against, even in the public sector.

One is reminded of the 44-day strike that began in April this year of thousands of contract workers, of the public sector Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC), who have been struggling for many years to win wage parity with the company's permanent workers and the regularisation of their jobs. Sadly, the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) and the Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU) allied with it did not even give a call for the permanent workers to ally with these contract workers. Instead, all the AITUC did was to appeal to Jayalalithaa, the chief minister of Tamil Nadu, in which the NLC is located, to intervene on behalf of the workers and prevail upon the central government to help settle the strike in their favour.

This, when the Tamil Nadu police had been ordered to arrest the striking workers after their strike had been declared "illegal" through a court order.

The political parties, to which the AITUC and the CITU are affiliated, had entered into a thoroughly opportunistic alliance with Jayalalithaa's AIADMK in the state assembly elections last year and wanted to keep the alliance going.

Indeed, it was the AIADMK government along with the central government, which controls the NLC that was instrumental in the defeat of the strike when the AITUC decided to call it off after some vague promises of regularisation were made, without, of course, any agreement on pay parity. If this then is the plight of workers in leading enterprises in the private and public sector, Maruti Suzuki and NLC, one can only imagine what their predicament is in labour-intensive manufacturing like apparel and footwear, and in the sweatshops of diamond cutting and polishing, all industries where the growth of exports is faltering.

Q. The passage mentions Maruti Suzuki and NLC in order to

Low wages, large numbers of casual and contract workers, authoritarianism in the workplace, unjust victimisation of workers who are at the forefront of resistance, the coming together of company and state to put down worker resistance with a heavy hand and the lack of a fighting spirit on the part of the central trade unions affiliated to the mainstream political parties - these are what the workers are up against, even in the public sector.

One is reminded of the 44-day strike that began in April this year of thousands of contract workers, of the public sector Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC), who have been struggling for many years to win wage parity with the company's permanent workers and the regularisation of their jobs. Sadly, the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) and the Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU) allied with it did not even give a call for the permanent workers to ally with these contract workers. Instead, all the AITUC did was to appeal to Jayalalithaa, the chief minister of Tamil Nadu, in which the NLC is located, to intervene on behalf of the workers and prevail upon the central government to help settle the strike in their favour.

This, when the Tamil Nadu police had been ordered to arrest the striking workers after their strike had been declared "illegal" through a court order.

The political parties, to which the AITUC and the CITU are affiliated, had entered into a thoroughly opportunistic alliance with Jayalalithaa's AIADMK in the state assembly elections last year and wanted to keep the alliance going.

Indeed, it was the AIADMK government along with the central government, which controls the NLC that was instrumental in the defeat of the strike when the AITUC decided to call it off after some vague promises of regularisation were made, without, of course, any agreement on pay parity. If this then is the plight of workers in leading enterprises in the private and public sector, Maruti Suzuki and NLC, one can only imagine what their predicament is in labour-intensive manufacturing like apparel and footwear, and in the sweatshops of diamond cutting and polishing, all industries where the growth of exports is faltering.

Q. From the passage, it can be inferred that the AITUC called off the strike because

Low wages, large numbers of casual and contract workers, authoritarianism in the workplace, unjust victimisation of workers who are at the forefront of resistance, the coming together of company and state to put down worker resistance with a heavy hand and the lack of a fighting spirit on the part of the central trade unions affiliated to the mainstream political parties - these are what the workers are up against, even in the public sector.

One is reminded of the 44-day strike that began in April this year of thousands of contract workers, of the public sector Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC), who have been struggling for many years to win wage parity with the company's permanent workers and the regularisation of their jobs. Sadly, the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) and the Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU) allied with it did not even give a call for the permanent workers to ally with these contract workers. Instead, all the AITUC did was to appeal to Jayalalithaa, the chief minister of Tamil Nadu, in which the NLC is located, to intervene on behalf of the workers and prevail upon the central government to help settle the strike in their favour.

This, when the Tamil Nadu police had been ordered to arrest the striking workers after their strike had been declared "illegal" through a court order.

The political parties, to which the AITUC and the CITU are affiliated, had entered into a thoroughly opportunistic alliance with Jayalalithaa's AIADMK in the state assembly elections last year and wanted to keep the alliance going.

Indeed, it was the AIADMK government along with the central government, which controls the NLC that was instrumental in the defeat of the strike when the AITUC decided to call it off after some vague promises of regularisation were made, without, of course, any agreement on pay parity. If this then is the plight of workers in leading enterprises in the private and public sector, Maruti Suzuki and NLC, one can only imagine what their predicament is in labour-intensive manufacturing like apparel and footwear, and in the sweatshops of diamond cutting and polishing, all industries where the growth of exports is faltering.

Q. Consider the following statements:

1. Footwear is not a labour intensive industry.

2. The strike at NLC continued for over two months.

According to the above passage, which of the statements is/are valid?

All astronauts look forward to living in the lonely and unpredictable environment of space. In low earth orbit, for instance, you get to see 16 sunrises and 16 sunsets!

For the day fades into night every 45 minutes as the spacecraft rotates slowly to keep its solar panels facing the sun. Viewers in Delhi shared a bit of this excitement with Sunita Williams aboard the international Space Station, when she tele chatted with them earlier this month.

Astronauts spend long periods in weightlessness of 'zero gravity'. It may be fun for us sitting in our gravity cocooned rooms and watching them on TV, as they float around.

But inside their bodies things are happening that aren't any fun at all. Scientists study the effects of outer space on the human body to see how it behaves in zero gravity and then re-adapts to earth's gravity at the end of the spaceflight. In space the number of red blood cells, bone and muscle tissues are all altered and the metabolic process upset.

On Earth, gravity pulls blood to lower body, away from the head. Nerves called the baroreceptors detect this and redirect blood flow, ensuring that the brain gets enough oxygen and sugar. In space baroreceptors don't sense any pressure difference and the astronaut flies with an atypical redistribution of blood. On earth we build bones by running or jumping. But without gravity, the bones begin to lose calcium, which is absorbed in the body. (Bedridden and paraplegics suffer the same problem, losing 30% of their lower body bone mass within months).

The minerals lost from the leg and hipbones aren't excreted and they migrate to the head, making the skull dense. This is the body's way of making better use of its resources: legs are useless in space, so the body moves to protect the brain!.

Unlike on earth there is no muscle tension in space.

Muscles are relaxed, stretched and actually grow by five to seven inches in a space flight. Surprisingly one gets taller while one sleeps, too, because of relaxed muscles - sometimes enough to readjust one's car's rear-view mirror in the morning. To offset this, the astronauts aboard the ISS exercise on a treadmill every day. So every space payload has a large component of medical experiments to help scientists figure out what we gain-or lose-up there.

Q. It can be inferred from the passage that living in space _____.

All astronauts look forward to living in the lonely and unpredictable environment of space. In low earth orbit, for instance, you get to see 16 sunrises and 16 sunsets!

For the day fades into night every 45 minutes as the spacecraft rotates slowly to keep its solar panels facing the sun. Viewers in Delhi shared a bit of this excitement with Sunita Williams aboard the international Space Station, when she tele chatted with them earlier this month.

Astronauts spend long periods in weightlessness of 'zero gravity'. It may be fun for us sitting in our gravity cocooned rooms and watching them on TV, as they float around.

But inside their bodies things are happening that aren't any fun at all. Scientists study the effects of outer space on the human body to see how it behaves in zero gravity and then re-adapts to earth's gravity at the end of the spaceflight. In space the number of red blood cells, bone and muscle tissues are all altered and the metabolic process upset.

On Earth, gravity pulls blood to lower body, away from the head. Nerves called the baroreceptors detect this and redirect blood flow, ensuring that the brain gets enough oxygen and sugar. In space baroreceptors don't sense any pressure difference and the astronaut flies with an atypical redistribution of blood. On earth we build bones by running or jumping. But without gravity, the bones begin to lose calcium, which is absorbed in the body. (Bedridden and paraplegics suffer the same problem, losing 30% of their lower body bone mass within months).

The minerals lost from the leg and hipbones aren't excreted and they migrate to the head, making the skull dense. This is the body's way of making better use of its resources: legs are useless in space, so the body moves to protect the brain!.

Unlike on earth there is no muscle tension in space.

Muscles are relaxed, stretched and actually grow by five to seven inches in a space flight. Surprisingly one gets taller while one sleeps, too, because of relaxed muscles - sometimes enough to readjust one's car's rear-view mirror in the morning. To offset this, the astronauts aboard the ISS exercise on a treadmill every day. So every space payload has a large component of medical experiments to help scientists figure out what we gain-or lose-up there.

Q. The main purpose of the author in the passage is to

All astronauts look forward to living in the lonely and unpredictable environment of space. In low earth orbit, for instance, you get to see 16 sunrises and 16 sunsets!

For the day fades into night every 45 minutes as the spacecraft rotates slowly to keep its solar panels facing the sun. Viewers in Delhi shared a bit of this excitement with Sunita Williams aboard the international Space Station, when she tele chatted with them earlier this month.

Astronauts spend long periods in weightlessness of 'zero gravity'. It may be fun for us sitting in our gravity cocooned rooms and watching them on TV, as they float around.

But inside their bodies things are happening that aren't any fun at all. Scientists study the effects of outer space on the human body to see how it behaves in zero gravity and then re-adapts to earth's gravity at the end of the spaceflight. In space the number of red blood cells, bone and muscle tissues are all altered and the metabolic process upset.

On Earth, gravity pulls blood to lower body, away from the head. Nerves called the baroreceptors detect this and redirect blood flow, ensuring that the brain gets enough oxygen and sugar. In space baroreceptors don't sense any pressure difference and the astronaut flies with an atypical redistribution of blood. On earth we build bones by running or jumping. But without gravity, the bones begin to lose calcium, which is absorbed in the body. (Bedridden and paraplegics suffer the same problem, losing 30% of their lower body bone mass within months).

The minerals lost from the leg and hipbones aren't excreted and they migrate to the head, making the skull dense. This is the body's way of making better use of its resources: legs are useless in space, so the body moves to protect the brain!.

Unlike on earth there is no muscle tension in space.

Muscles are relaxed, stretched and actually grow by five to seven inches in a space flight. Surprisingly one gets taller while one sleeps, too, because of relaxed muscles - sometimes enough to readjust one's car's rear-view mirror in the morning. To offset this, the astronauts aboard the ISS exercise on a treadmill every day. So every space payload has a large component of medical experiments to help scientists figure out what we gain-or lose-up there.

Q. The tone of the author is

All astronauts look forward to living in the lonely and unpredictable environment of space. In low earth orbit, for instance, you get to see 16 sunrises and 16 sunsets!

For the day fades into night every 45 minutes as the spacecraft rotates slowly to keep its solar panels facing the sun. Viewers in Delhi shared a bit of this excitement with Sunita Williams aboard the international Space Station, when she tele chatted with them earlier this month.

Astronauts spend long periods in weightlessness of 'zero gravity'. It may be fun for us sitting in our gravity cocooned rooms and watching them on TV, as they float around.

But inside their bodies things are happening that aren't any fun at all. Scientists study the effects of outer space on the human body to see how it behaves in zero gravity and then re-adapts to earth's gravity at the end of the spaceflight. In space the number of red blood cells, bone and muscle tissues are all altered and the metabolic process upset.

On Earth, gravity pulls blood to lower body, away from the head. Nerves called the baroreceptors detect this and redirect blood flow, ensuring that the brain gets enough oxygen and sugar. In space baroreceptors don't sense any pressure difference and the astronaut flies with an atypical redistribution of blood. On earth we build bones by running or jumping. But without gravity, the bones begin to lose calcium, which is absorbed in the body. (Bedridden and paraplegics suffer the same problem, losing 30% of their lower body bone mass within months).

The minerals lost from the leg and hipbones aren't excreted and they migrate to the head, making the skull dense. This is the body's way of making better use of its resources: legs are useless in space, so the body moves to protect the brain!.

Unlike on earth there is no muscle tension in space.

Muscles are relaxed, stretched and actually grow by five to seven inches in a space flight. Surprisingly one gets taller while one sleeps, too, because of relaxed muscles - sometimes enough to readjust one's car's rear-view mirror in the morning. To offset this, the astronauts aboard the ISS exercise on a treadmill every day. So every space payload has a large component of medical experiments to help scientists figure out what we gain-or lose-up there.

Q. The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements?

All astronauts look forward to living in the lonely and unpredictable environment of space. In low earth orbit, for instance, you get to see 16 sunrises and 16 sunsets!

For the day fades into night every 45 minutes as the spacecraft rotates slowly to keep its solar panels facing the sun. Viewers in Delhi shared a bit of this excitement with Sunita Williams aboard the international Space Station, when she tele chatted with them earlier this month.

Astronauts spend long periods in weightlessness of 'zero gravity'. It may be fun for us sitting in our gravity cocooned rooms and watching them on TV, as they float around.

But inside their bodies things are happening that aren't any fun at all. Scientists study the effects of outer space on the human body to see how it behaves in zero gravity and then re-adapts to earth's gravity at the end of the spaceflight. In space the number of red blood cells, bone and muscle tissues are all altered and the metabolic process upset.

On Earth, gravity pulls blood to lower body, away from the head. Nerves called the baroreceptors detect this and redirect blood flow, ensuring that the brain gets enough oxygen and sugar. In space baroreceptors don't sense any pressure difference and the astronaut flies with an atypical redistribution of blood. On earth we build bones by running or jumping. But without gravity, the bones begin to lose calcium, which is absorbed in the body. (Bedridden and paraplegics suffer the same problem, losing 30% of their lower body bone mass within months).

The minerals lost from the leg and hipbones aren't excreted and they migrate to the head, making the skull dense. This is the body's way of making better use of its resources: legs are useless in space, so the body moves to protect the brain!.

Unlike on earth there is no muscle tension in space.

Muscles are relaxed, stretched and actually grow by five to seven inches in a space flight. Surprisingly one gets taller while one sleeps, too, because of relaxed muscles - sometimes enough to readjust one's car's rear-view mirror in the morning. To offset this, the astronauts aboard the ISS exercise on a treadmill every day. So every space payload has a large component of medical experiments to help scientists figure out what we gain-or lose-up there.

Q. According to the passage in the low earth orbit there are

There is a controversy raging over the entry of giants such as Tesco and Wal-Mart into India after the government last week permitted foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail. Most economic analysts look at it in terms of capital coming into India to oust local shopkeepers or in terms of capital coming in to offer better prices to farmers or set up distribution chains and storage facilities to help consumers. These arguments seem a little old. There is a technological dimension to this that may reveal that it is India that is behind the competitive edge of big retail chains.

In 2009, Wal-Mart picked Bangalore-based Infosys Technologies and India-centric Cognizant among three information technology service vendors for a $600 million multi-year contract. Finance is now easily available for retail companies from banks and equity markets. What sets the real smart retail giants apart is their ability to leverage software and IT to keep their competitive edge.

Supply chain software can help lower costs by managing inventories. Data analytics and customer relations software can help them identify the more lucrative customers or choose discount strategies. Partners, employees and vendors of retail giants are now connected by software. Indian talent figures in all this.

Infosys was an early adapter of Wal-Mart’s move to go in for radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags that helps the retail chain track inventories at low cost. Last year, Wal-Mart also acquired Kosmix, a cutting-edge search engine, founded by Indian-born Venky Harinarayan and Anand Rajaraman (who earlier co-founded Junglee.com that Amazon acquired). Now Kosmix is a part of WalMart Labs. Its technology filters and aggregates information by topic from Twitter messages and the larger Web in real time. This is a new way to interact with shoppers.

Tesco now owes its edge to its Bangalore IT facility called the “Hindustan Service Centre”. The British retail chain says 6,000-employee-strong HSC’s strategic initiatives cover the “IT, business, financial, commercial and property aspects.” In Bangalore, Indian techies develop tools like mobile applications for Tesco.

Q. From the passage, it can be assumed that the author’s views on FDI in multi-brand retail are

There is a controversy raging over the entry of giants such as Tesco and Wal-Mart into India after the government last week permitted foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail. Most economic analysts look at it in terms of capital coming into India to oust local shopkeepers or in terms of capital coming in to offer better prices to farmers or set up distribution chains and storage facilities to help consumers. These arguments seem a little old. There is a technological dimension to this that may reveal that it is India that is behind the competitive edge of big retail chains.

In 2009, Wal-Mart picked Bangalore-based Infosys Technologies and India-centric Cognizant among three information technology service vendors for a $600 million multi-year contract. Finance is now easily available for retail companies from banks and equity markets. What sets the real smart retail giants apart is their ability to leverage software and IT to keep their competitive edge.

Supply chain software can help lower costs by managing inventories. Data analytics and customer relations software can help them identify the more lucrative customers or choose discount strategies. Partners, employees and vendors of retail giants are now connected by software. Indian talent figures in all this.

Infosys was an early adapter of Wal-Mart’s move to go in for radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags that helps the retail chain track inventories at low cost. Last year, Wal-Mart also acquired Kosmix, a cutting-edge search engine, founded by Indian-born Venky Harinarayan and Anand Rajaraman (who earlier co-founded Junglee.com that Amazon acquired). Now Kosmix is a part of WalMart Labs. Its technology filters and aggregates information by topic from Twitter messages and the larger Web in real time. This is a new way to interact with shoppers.

Tesco now owes its edge to its Bangalore IT facility called the “Hindustan Service Centre”. The British retail chain says 6,000-employee-strong HSC’s strategic initiatives cover the “IT, business, financial, commercial and property aspects.” In Bangalore, Indian techies develop tools like mobile applications for Tesco.

Q. Which of the following options best explains the purpose of the last four paragraphs?

There is a controversy raging over the entry of giants such as Tesco and Wal-Mart into India after the government last week permitted foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail. Most economic analysts look at it in terms of capital coming into India to oust local shopkeepers or in terms of capital coming in to offer better prices to farmers or set up distribution chains and storage facilities to help consumers. These arguments seem a little old. There is a technological dimension to this that may reveal that it is India that is behind the competitive edge of big retail chains.

In 2009, Wal-Mart picked Bangalore-based Infosys Technologies and India-centric Cognizant among three information technology service vendors for a $600 million multi-year contract. Finance is now easily available for retail companies from banks and equity markets. What sets the real smart retail giants apart is their ability to leverage software and IT to keep their competitive edge.

Supply chain software can help lower costs by managing inventories. Data analytics and customer relations software can help them identify the more lucrative customers or choose discount strategies. Partners, employees and vendors of retail giants are now connected by software. Indian talent figures in all this.

Infosys was an early adapter of Wal-Mart’s move to go in for radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags that helps the retail chain track inventories at low cost. Last year, Wal-Mart also acquired Kosmix, a cutting-edge search engine, founded by Indian-born Venky Harinarayan and Anand Rajaraman (who earlier co-founded Junglee.com that Amazon acquired). Now Kosmix is a part of WalMart Labs. Its technology filters and aggregates information by topic from Twitter messages and the larger Web in real time. This is a new way to interact with shoppers.

Tesco now owes its edge to its Bangalore IT facility called the “Hindustan Service Centre”. The British retail chain says 6,000-employee-strong HSC’s strategic initiatives cover the “IT, business, financial, commercial and property aspects.” In Bangalore, Indian techies develop tools like mobile applications for Tesco.

Q. Consider the following statements:

1. Wal-Mart picked Infosys Technologies in 2008.

2. Retail companies procure finance from banks and equity markets.

According to the above passage, which of the statements is/are valid?

There is a controversy raging over the entry of giants such as Tesco and Wal-Mart into India after the government last week permitted foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail. Most economic analysts look at it in terms of capital coming into India to oust local shopkeepers or in terms of capital coming in to offer better prices to farmers or set up distribution chains and storage facilities to help consumers. These arguments seem a little old. There is a technological dimension to this that may reveal that it is India that is behind the competitive edge of big retail chains.

In 2009, Wal-Mart picked Bangalore-based Infosys Technologies and India-centric Cognizant among three information technology service vendors for a $600 million multi-year contract. Finance is now easily available for retail companies from banks and equity markets. What sets the real smart retail giants apart is their ability to leverage software and IT to keep their competitive edge.

Supply chain software can help lower costs by managing inventories. Data analytics and customer relations software can help them identify the more lucrative customers or choose discount strategies. Partners, employees and vendors of retail giants are now connected by software. Indian talent figures in all this.

Infosys was an early adapter of Wal-Mart’s move to go in for radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags that helps the retail chain track inventories at low cost. Last year, Wal-Mart also acquired Kosmix, a cutting-edge search engine, founded by Indian-born Venky Harinarayan and Anand Rajaraman (who earlier co-founded Junglee.com that Amazon acquired). Now Kosmix is a part of WalMart Labs. Its technology filters and aggregates information by topic from Twitter messages and the larger Web in real time. This is a new way to interact with shoppers.

Tesco now owes its edge to its Bangalore IT facility called the “Hindustan Service Centre”. The British retail chain says 6,000-employee-strong HSC’s strategic initiatives cover the “IT, business, financial, commercial and property aspects.” In Bangalore, Indian techies develop tools like mobile applications for Tesco.

Q. According to the passage, which of the following are the essential elements in the success of retail giants?

1. The use of technology to maintain an advantage over others.

2. Sales and marketing strategies based on an analysis of customer data.

3. Maintenance of large inventories to bring the benefits of low cost to the customer.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

There is a controversy raging over the entry of giants such as Tesco and Wal-Mart into India after the government last week permitted foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail. Most economic analysts look at it in terms of capital coming into India to oust local shopkeepers or in terms of capital coming in to offer better prices to farmers or set up distribution chains and storage facilities to help consumers. These arguments seem a little old. There is a technological dimension to this that may reveal that it is India that is behind the competitive edge of big retail chains.

In 2009, Wal-Mart picked Bangalore-based Infosys Technologies and India-centric Cognizant among three information technology service vendors for a $600 million multi-year contract. Finance is now easily available for retail companies from banks and equity markets. What sets the real smart retail giants apart is their ability to leverage software and IT to keep their competitive edge.

Supply chain software can help lower costs by managing inventories. Data analytics and customer relations software can help them identify the more lucrative customers or choose discount strategies. Partners, employees and vendors of retail giants are now connected by software. Indian talent figures in all this.

Infosys was an early adapter of Wal-Mart’s move to go in for radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags that helps the retail chain track inventories at low cost. Last year, Wal-Mart also acquired Kosmix, a cutting-edge search engine, founded by Indian-born Venky Harinarayan and Anand Rajaraman (who earlier co-founded Junglee.com that Amazon acquired). Now Kosmix is a part of WalMart Labs. Its technology filters and aggregates information by topic from Twitter messages and the larger Web in real time. This is a new way to interact with shoppers.

Tesco now owes its edge to its Bangalore IT facility called the “Hindustan Service Centre”. The British retail chain says 6,000-employee-strong HSC’s strategic initiatives cover the “IT, business, financial, commercial and property aspects.” In Bangalore, Indian techies develop tools like mobile applications for Tesco.

Q. Consider the following statements:

1. Anand Rajaraman was a manager of Junglee.com

2. Last year, Wal-Mart was bought by Kosmix.

According to the above passage, which of the statements is/are valid?

India’s balance of payments is back in surplus. Important as this development has been in the management of the external economy, it is unwise to exaggerate its significance. The level of deficit is still way above what is considered prudent and manageable. Besides, the fall in the Current Account Deficit (CAD) is due to all the wrong reasons — falling imports that corroborate the slowdown, and decelerating exports. The outlook for software export earnings is not bright amidst the global slowdown. Expressed as a percentage of GDP, the CAD has fallen from 4.5 per cent to 3.9 per cent. Most experts have projected the CAD for 2012-13 at 3.5 per cent or lower, on the basis of certain key assumptions: that the economy will grow at a reasonably fast clip of around 6.5 per cent; oil prices will not go very much higher than current levels of around $100 a barrel; and most important of all, the actions of the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve will help in bringing economic growth in Europe and the U.S. back on track. The last point will have an all-round bearing on India’s external economy. It could help India’s faltering exports regain traction. Second, there would be far less uncertainty on the movement of capital flows to India.

There is of course a flip side to all of this. India’s growth has already slipped by most accounts to below five per cent. The cheap money policy of the Federal Reserve will boost inflation worldwide. Although it is customary to view the CAD on a par with the fiscal deficit — the menace of twin deficits as they are usually referred to — it is the latter that has received greater attention. Besides, the government seems determined to adopt questionable means to finance the deficit rather than be proactive in reining it in. For instance, recent announcements to ease external commercial borrowings and encourage capital market flows from abroad might have had the intended effect of boosting stock prices. But these are not sound policies from the point of view of the macroeconomy.

Encouraging foreign currency borrowing to take advantage of the surfeit of funds circulating abroad is hardly the right strategy for an economy whose level of short-term debt has been rising and exchange reserves falling.

Q. Why does the author feel that it is too early to place a positive significance on the surplus balance of payments?

India’s balance of payments is back in surplus. Important as this development has been in the management of the external economy, it is unwise to exaggerate its significance. The level of deficit is still way above what is considered prudent and manageable. Besides, the fall in the Current Account Deficit (CAD) is due to all the wrong reasons — falling imports that corroborate the slowdown, and decelerating exports. The outlook for software export earnings is not bright amidst the global slowdown. Expressed as a percentage of GDP, the CAD has fallen from 4.5 per cent to 3.9 per cent. Most experts have projected the CAD for 2012-13 at 3.5 per cent or lower, on the basis of certain key assumptions: that the economy will grow at a reasonably fast clip of around 6.5 per cent; oil prices will not go very much higher than current levels of around $100 a barrel; and most important of all, the actions of the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve will help in bringing economic growth in Europe and the U.S. back on track. The last point will have an all-round bearing on India’s external economy. It could help India’s faltering exports regain traction. Second, there would be far less uncertainty on the movement of capital flows to India.

There is of course a flip side to all of this. India’s growth has already slipped by most accounts to below five per cent. The cheap money policy of the Federal Reserve will boost inflation worldwide. Although it is customary to view the CAD on a par with the fiscal deficit — the menace of twin deficits as they are usually referred to — it is the latter that has received greater attention. Besides, the government seems determined to adopt questionable means to finance the deficit rather than be proactive in reining it in. For instance, recent announcements to ease external commercial borrowings and encourage capital market flows from abroad might have had the intended effect of boosting stock prices. But these are not sound policies from the point of view of the macroeconomy.

Encouraging foreign currency borrowing to take advantage of the surfeit of funds circulating abroad is hardly the right strategy for an economy whose level of short-term debt has been rising and exchange reserves falling.

Q. Which of the following options has/have not been taken into account while projecting the current account deficit for 2012-2013?

1. The rate of growth of the economy will occur at much more than 6.5 per cent.

2. The European Central Bank’s measures will bring in positive economic change in Europe.

3. Oil prices will finally settle at a higher rate than the current $100 per barrel.

With reference to the above passage which of the given statements is/are valid?

India’s balance of payments is back in surplus. Important as this development has been in the management of the external economy, it is unwise to exaggerate its significance. The level of deficit is still way above what is considered prudent and manageable. Besides, the fall in the Current Account Deficit (CAD) is due to all the wrong reasons — falling imports that corroborate the slowdown, and decelerating exports. The outlook for software export earnings is not bright amidst the global slowdown. Expressed as a percentage of GDP, the CAD has fallen from 4.5 per cent to 3.9 per cent. Most experts have projected the CAD for 2012-13 at 3.5 per cent or lower, on the basis of certain key assumptions: that the economy will grow at a reasonably fast clip of around 6.5 per cent; oil prices will not go very much higher than current levels of around $100 a barrel; and most important of all, the actions of the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve will help in bringing economic growth in Europe and the U.S. back on track. The last point will have an all-round bearing on India’s external economy. It could help India’s faltering exports regain traction. Second, there would be far less uncertainty on the movement of capital flows to India.

There is of course a flip side to all of this. India’s growth has already slipped by most accounts to below five per cent. The cheap money policy of the Federal Reserve will boost inflation worldwide. Although it is customary to view the CAD on a par with the fiscal deficit — the menace of twin deficits as they are usually referred to — it is the latter that has received greater attention. Besides, the government seems determined to adopt questionable means to finance the deficit rather than be proactive in reining it in. For instance, recent announcements to ease external commercial borrowings and encourage capital market flows from abroad might have had the intended effect of boosting stock prices. But these are not sound policies from the point of view of the macroeconomy.

Encouraging foreign currency borrowing to take advantage of the surfeit of funds circulating abroad is hardly the right strategy for an economy whose level of short-term debt has been rising and exchange reserves falling.

Q. Which of the following has not been mentioned as an incorrect strategy in the current economy?

India’s balance of payments is back in surplus. Important as this development has been in the management of the external economy, it is unwise to exaggerate its significance. The level of deficit is still way above what is considered prudent and manageable. Besides, the fall in the Current Account Deficit (CAD) is due to all the wrong reasons — falling imports that corroborate the slowdown, and decelerating exports. The outlook for software export earnings is not bright amidst the global slowdown. Expressed as a percentage of GDP, the CAD has fallen from 4.5 per cent to 3.9 per cent. Most experts have projected the CAD for 2012-13 at 3.5 per cent or lower, on the basis of certain key assumptions: that the economy will grow at a reasonably fast clip of around 6.5 per cent; oil prices will not go very much higher than current levels of around $100 a barrel; and most important of all, the actions of the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve will help in bringing economic growth in Europe and the U.S. back on track. The last point will have an all-round bearing on India’s external economy. It could help India’s faltering exports regain traction. Second, there would be far less uncertainty on the movement of capital flows to India.

There is of course a flip side to all of this. India’s growth has already slipped by most accounts to below five per cent. The cheap money policy of the Federal Reserve will boost inflation worldwide. Although it is customary to view the CAD on a par with the fiscal deficit — the menace of twin deficits as they are usually referred to — it is the latter that has received greater attention. Besides, the government seems determined to adopt questionable means to finance the deficit rather than be proactive in reining it in. For instance, recent announcements to ease external commercial borrowings and encourage capital market flows from abroad might have had the intended effect of boosting stock prices. But these are not sound policies from the point of view of the macroeconomy.

Encouraging foreign currency borrowing to take advantage of the surfeit of funds circulating abroad is hardly the right strategy for an economy whose level of short-term debt has been rising and exchange reserves falling.

Q. Consider the following statements:

1. India’s growth has slipped below five percent in most areas.

2. Presently, India’s balance of payment is in surplus.

According to the above passage, which of the statements is/are valid?

In 1920, the congress, first at an extraordinary session held at Calcutta and later at the consistent session held at Nagpur under Gandhiji's authority, embraced another program of battle against the administration. At the Nagpur session which was gone to by around 15,000 representatives, the congress constitution was revised and "the fulfillment of Swarajya by the general population of India by all real and quiet signifies" turned into the primary article of the constitution of the congress.

Gandhi's confidence in the British Government was staggered in the year 1920. He had foreseen no equity from it. He was against the Rowlatt Bills, which abridged even the base opportunity of each native. The Jallianwala Bagh slaughter and the consequent military law abuses and abominations on the individuals of Punjab blended the rage of the entire of India. Gandhi was amazingly furious about the happenings. The report of the Hunter Committee distributed in May 1920, and the civil arguments in the House of Lords securing and adulating Dyer's direct at Amritsar blushed the Indian suppositions.

Another real occasion, which had an imperative impact in propelling the Non-co-task development, was Khilafat issue. The Khilafat was a religious establishment of the Sunni Muslims. Gandhi and different pioneers of the Indian national development bolstered the Muslim request with respect to the Khilafat for different reasons.

Therefore, it was high time to dispatch and enlist a challenge development on National premise against the British monstrosities. Under the initiative of Gandhi the movement made swift progress until the appalling occasion of Chauri Chaura occurred, which turned into the quick reason for the end of Non-co-activity development.

The non-cooperation movement was started to address the shameful acts done to Punjab and Turkey, and the achievement of Swaraj. It is known as the non collaboration development as a result of the strategies embraced in this development. It started with the renunciation of privileged titles like 'Sir' that Indians had gotten from the British government. Subramania Iyer and Rabindranath Tagore had effectively done as such.

Gandhiji returned his Kaiser-I-Hind award in August 1920.

Numerous others followed the example. Indians no longer considered getting titles from the British government a desirable action. This was followed by the blacklisting of governing bodies.

A great many people declined to cast their votes when decisions to the councils were held. A great many understudies and educators left schools and universities.

New instructive foundations like the Jamia Millia at Aligarh (later moved to Delhi) and Kashi Vidyapeeth at Benaras were established by patriots. Government workers surrendered their employments. Legal counselors boycotted law courts. Imported fabric was scorched in campfires. There were strikes and hartals everywhere throughout the nation. The development was an incredible achievement and government lash back could not stop it.

Q. Which of the following formally established Swarajya as a goal?

In 1920, the congress, first at an extraordinary session held at Calcutta and later at the consistent session held at Nagpur under Gandhiji's authority, embraced another program of battle against the administration. At the Nagpur session which was gone to by around 15,000 representatives, the congress constitution was revised and "the fulfillment of Swarajya by the general population of India by all real and quiet signifies" turned into the primary article of the constitution of the congress.

Gandhi's confidence in the British Government was staggered in the year 1920. He had foreseen no equity from it. He was against the Rowlatt Bills, which abridged even the base opportunity of each native. The Jallianwala Bagh slaughter and the consequent military law abuses and abominations on the individuals of Punjab blended the rage of the entire of India. Gandhi was amazingly furious about the happenings. The report of the Hunter Committee distributed in May 1920, and the civil arguments in the House of Lords securing and adulating Dyer's direct at Amritsar blushed the Indian suppositions.

Another real occasion, which had an imperative impact in propelling the Non-co-task development, was Khilafat issue. The Khilafat was a religious establishment of the Sunni Muslims. Gandhi and different pioneers of the Indian national development bolstered the Muslim request with respect to the Khilafat for different reasons.

Therefore, it was high time to dispatch and enlist a challenge development on National premise against the British monstrosities. Under the initiative of Gandhi the movement made swift progress until the appalling occasion of Chauri Chaura occurred, which turned into the quick reason for the end of Non-co-activity development.

The non-cooperation movement was started to address the shameful acts done to Punjab and Turkey, and the achievement of Swaraj. It is known as the non collaboration development as a result of the strategies embraced in this development. It started with the renunciation of privileged titles like 'Sir' that Indians had gotten from the British government. Subramania Iyer and Rabindranath Tagore had effectively done as such.

Gandhiji returned his Kaiser-I-Hind award in August 1920.

Numerous others followed the example. Indians no longer considered getting titles from the British government a desirable action. This was followed by the blacklisting of governing bodies.

A great many people declined to cast their votes when decisions to the councils were held. A great many understudies and educators left schools and universities.

New instructive foundations like the Jamia Millia at Aligarh (later moved to Delhi) and Kashi Vidyapeeth at Benaras were established by patriots. Government workers surrendered their employments. Legal counselors boycotted law courts. Imported fabric was scorched in campfires. There were strikes and hartals everywhere throughout the nation. The development was an incredible achievement and government lash back could not stop it.

Q. As used in the passage, the word "monstrosities" most nearly means

In 1920, the congress, first at an extraordinary session held at Calcutta and later at the consistent session held at Nagpur under Gandhiji's authority, embraced another program of battle against the administration. At the Nagpur session which was gone to by around 15,000 representatives, the congress constitution was revised and "the fulfillment of Swarajya by the general population of India by all real and quiet signifies" turned into the primary article of the constitution of the congress.

Gandhi's confidence in the British Government was staggered in the year 1920. He had foreseen no equity from it. He was against the Rowlatt Bills, which abridged even the base opportunity of each native. The Jallianwala Bagh slaughter and the consequent military law abuses and abominations on the individuals of Punjab blended the rage of the entire of India. Gandhi was amazingly furious about the happenings. The report of the Hunter Committee distributed in May 1920, and the civil arguments in the House of Lords securing and adulating Dyer's direct at Amritsar blushed the Indian suppositions.

Another real occasion, which had an imperative impact in propelling the Non-co-task development, was Khilafat issue. The Khilafat was a religious establishment of the Sunni Muslims. Gandhi and different pioneers of the Indian national development bolstered the Muslim request with respect to the Khilafat for different reasons.

Therefore, it was high time to dispatch and enlist a challenge development on National premise against the British monstrosities. Under the initiative of Gandhi the movement made swift progress until the appalling occasion of Chauri Chaura occurred, which turned into the quick reason for the end of Non-co-activity development.

The non-cooperation movement was started to address the shameful acts done to Punjab and Turkey, and the achievement of Swaraj. It is known as the non collaboration development as a result of the strategies embraced in this development. It started with the renunciation of privileged titles like 'Sir' that Indians had gotten from the British government. Subramania Iyer and Rabindranath Tagore had effectively done as such.

Gandhiji returned his Kaiser-I-Hind award in August 1920.

Numerous others followed the example. Indians no longer considered getting titles from the British government a desirable action. This was followed by the blacklisting of governing bodies.

A great many people declined to cast their votes when decisions to the councils were held. A great many understudies and educators left schools and universities.

New instructive foundations like the Jamia Millia at Aligarh (later moved to Delhi) and Kashi Vidyapeeth at Benaras were established by patriots. Government workers surrendered their employments. Legal counselors boycotted law courts. Imported fabric was scorched in campfires. There were strikes and hartals everywhere throughout the nation. The development was an incredible achievement and government lash back could not stop it.

Q. Which of the following could be inferred by the burning of foreign clothing in the movement?

In 1920, the congress, first at an extraordinary session held at Calcutta and later at the consistent session held at Nagpur under Gandhiji's authority, embraced another program of battle against the administration. At the Nagpur session which was gone to by around 15,000 representatives, the congress constitution was revised and "the fulfillment of Swarajya by the general population of India by all real and quiet signifies" turned into the primary article of the constitution of the congress.

Gandhi's confidence in the British Government was staggered in the year 1920. He had foreseen no equity from it. He was against the Rowlatt Bills, which abridged even the base opportunity of each native. The Jallianwala Bagh slaughter and the consequent military law abuses and abominations on the individuals of Punjab blended the rage of the entire of India. Gandhi was amazingly furious about the happenings. The report of the Hunter Committee distributed in May 1920, and the civil arguments in the House of Lords securing and adulating Dyer's direct at Amritsar blushed the Indian suppositions.

Another real occasion, which had an imperative impact in propelling the Non-co-task development, was Khilafat issue. The Khilafat was a religious establishment of the Sunni Muslims. Gandhi and different pioneers of the Indian national development bolstered the Muslim request with respect to the Khilafat for different reasons.

Therefore, it was high time to dispatch and enlist a challenge development on National premise against the British monstrosities. Under the initiative of Gandhi the movement made swift progress until the appalling occasion of Chauri Chaura occurred, which turned into the quick reason for the end of Non-co-activity development.

The non-cooperation movement was started to address the shameful acts done to Punjab and Turkey, and the achievement of Swaraj. It is known as the non collaboration development as a result of the strategies embraced in this development. It started with the renunciation of privileged titles like 'Sir' that Indians had gotten from the British government. Subramania Iyer and Rabindranath Tagore had effectively done as such.

Gandhiji returned his Kaiser-I-Hind award in August 1920.

Numerous others followed the example. Indians no longer considered getting titles from the British government a desirable action. This was followed by the blacklisting of governing bodies.

A great many people declined to cast their votes when decisions to the councils were held. A great many understudies and educators left schools and universities.

New instructive foundations like the Jamia Millia at Aligarh (later moved to Delhi) and Kashi Vidyapeeth at Benaras were established by patriots. Government workers surrendered their employments. Legal counselors boycotted law courts. Imported fabric was scorched in campfires. There were strikes and hartals everywhere throughout the nation. The development was an incredible achievement and government lash back could not stop it.

Q. Which of the following blushed Indian suppositions towards the British rule?

In 1920, the congress, first at an extraordinary session held at Calcutta and later at the consistent session held at Nagpur under Gandhiji's authority, embraced another program of battle against the administration. At the Nagpur session which was gone to by around 15,000 representatives, the congress constitution was revised and "the fulfillment of Swarajya by the general population of India by all real and quiet signifies" turned into the primary article of the constitution of the congress.

Gandhi's confidence in the British Government was staggered in the year 1920. He had foreseen no equity from it. He was against the Rowlatt Bills, which abridged even the base opportunity of each native. The Jallianwala Bagh slaughter and the consequent military law abuses and abominations on the individuals of Punjab blended the rage of the entire of India. Gandhi was amazingly furious about the happenings. The report of the Hunter Committee distributed in May 1920, and the civil arguments in the House of Lords securing and adulating Dyer's direct at Amritsar blushed the Indian suppositions.

Another real occasion, which had an imperative impact in propelling the Non-co-task development, was Khilafat issue. The Khilafat was a religious establishment of the Sunni Muslims. Gandhi and different pioneers of the Indian national development bolstered the Muslim request with respect to the Khilafat for different reasons.

Therefore, it was high time to dispatch and enlist a challenge development on National premise against the British monstrosities. Under the initiative of Gandhi the movement made swift progress until the appalling occasion of Chauri Chaura occurred, which turned into the quick reason for the end of Non-co-activity development.

The non-cooperation movement was started to address the shameful acts done to Punjab and Turkey, and the achievement of Swaraj. It is known as the non collaboration development as a result of the strategies embraced in this development. It started with the renunciation of privileged titles like 'Sir' that Indians had gotten from the British government. Subramania Iyer and Rabindranath Tagore had effectively done as such.

Gandhiji returned his Kaiser-I-Hind award in August 1920.

Numerous others followed the example. Indians no longer considered getting titles from the British government a desirable action. This was followed by the blacklisting of governing bodies.

A great many people declined to cast their votes when decisions to the councils were held. A great many understudies and educators left schools and universities.

New instructive foundations like the Jamia Millia at Aligarh (later moved to Delhi) and Kashi Vidyapeeth at Benaras were established by patriots. Government workers surrendered their employments. Legal counselors boycotted law courts. Imported fabric was scorched in campfires. There were strikes and hartals everywhere throughout the nation. The development was an incredible achievement and government lash back could not stop it.

Q. What was the intention behind the renunciation of titles and awards by Indians given to them by the British?

The term 'Emotional Intelligence', first coined by psychologists Mayer and Salovey (1990), refers to one's capacity to perceive, process and regulate emotional information accurately and effectively, both within oneself and in others and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions and to influence those of others.

Emotional intelligence can lead us on the path to a fulfilled and happy life by providing a framework through which to apply standards of intelligence to emotional responses and understand that these responses may be logically consistent or inconsistent with particular beliefs about emotion.

As the workplace evolves, so too does the body of research supporting that individuals (from interns to managers) with higher EI are better equipped to work cohesively within teams, deal with change more effectively, and manage stress - thus enabling them to more efficiently pursue business objectives. Goleman (1995) recognized five distinct categories of skills which form the key characteristics of EI and proposed that, unlike one's intelligence quotient (IQ), these categorical skills can be learned where absent and improved upon where present. Thus, EI, unlike its relatively fixed cousin, IQ, is instead a dynamic aspect of one's psyche and includes behavioral traits that, when worked upon, can yield significant benefits, from personal happiness and well-being to elevated success in a professional context.

Emotional intelligence has been shown to play a meaningful role in academic success, mental and physical health, as well as attainment in professional domains; the findings of Bar-On (1997) suggested that people with higher EI performed better than those with lower EI in life. In the modern, agile workplace, there is an ever-increasing emphasis from employers on the importance of EI over academic qualifications.

The importance of EI should not go unappreciated; the ability to understand and manage your emotions is the first step in realizing your true potential. How can we achieve meaningful progress if we don't recognize and acknowledge the point from where we're starting? When checking directions on your sat-nav, a destination is useless unless we know the origin.

Whether it be connecting with others and improving interpersonal communication, achieving success in the workplace or social relationships, dealing with stress and improving motivation or refining decision-making skills - emotional intelligence plays a central role in realizing success in both personal and professional life.

Q. What is the primary motive of the author in the passage?

The term 'Emotional Intelligence', first coined by psychologists Mayer and Salovey (1990), refers to one's capacity to perceive, process and regulate emotional information accurately and effectively, both within oneself and in others and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions and to influence those of others.

Emotional intelligence can lead us on the path to a fulfilled and happy life by providing a framework through which to apply standards of intelligence to emotional responses and understand that these responses may be logically consistent or inconsistent with particular beliefs about emotion.

As the workplace evolves, so too does the body of research supporting that individuals (from interns to managers) with higher EI are better equipped to work cohesively within teams, deal with change more effectively, and manage stress - thus enabling them to more efficiently pursue business objectives. Goleman (1995) recognized five distinct categories of skills which form the key characteristics of EI and proposed that, unlike one's intelligence quotient (IQ), these categorical skills can be learned where absent and improved upon where present. Thus, EI, unlike its relatively fixed cousin, IQ, is instead a dynamic aspect of one's psyche and includes behavioral traits that, when worked upon, can yield significant benefits, from personal happiness and well-being to elevated success in a professional context.

Emotional intelligence has been shown to play a meaningful role in academic success, mental and physical health, as well as attainment in professional domains; the findings of Bar-On (1997) suggested that people with higher EI performed better than those with lower EI in life. In the modern, agile workplace, there is an ever-increasing emphasis from employers on the importance of EI over academic qualifications.

The importance of EI should not go unappreciated; the ability to understand and manage your emotions is the first step in realizing your true potential. How can we achieve meaningful progress if we don't recognize and acknowledge the point from where we're starting? When checking directions on your sat-nav, a destination is useless unless we know the origin.

Whether it be connecting with others and improving interpersonal communication, achieving success in the workplace or social relationships, dealing with stress and improving motivation or refining decision-making skills - emotional intelligence plays a central role in realizing success in both personal and professional life.

Q. What is the key point of difference between EQ and IQ?

The term 'Emotional Intelligence', first coined by psychologists Mayer and Salovey (1990), refers to one's capacity to perceive, process and regulate emotional information accurately and effectively, both within oneself and in others and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions and to influence those of others.

Emotional intelligence can lead us on the path to a fulfilled and happy life by providing a framework through which to apply standards of intelligence to emotional responses and understand that these responses may be logically consistent or inconsistent with particular beliefs about emotion.

As the workplace evolves, so too does the body of research supporting that individuals (from interns to managers) with higher EI are better equipped to work cohesively within teams, deal with change more effectively, and manage stress - thus enabling them to more efficiently pursue business objectives. Goleman (1995) recognized five distinct categories of skills which form the key characteristics of EI and proposed that, unlike one's intelligence quotient (IQ), these categorical skills can be learned where absent and improved upon where present. Thus, EI, unlike its relatively fixed cousin, IQ, is instead a dynamic aspect of one's psyche and includes behavioral traits that, when worked upon, can yield significant benefits, from personal happiness and well-being to elevated success in a professional context.

Emotional intelligence has been shown to play a meaningful role in academic success, mental and physical health, as well as attainment in professional domains; the findings of Bar-On (1997) suggested that people with higher EI performed better than those with lower EI in life. In the modern, agile workplace, there is an ever-increasing emphasis from employers on the importance of EI over academic qualifications.

The importance of EI should not go unappreciated; the ability to understand and manage your emotions is the first step in realizing your true potential. How can we achieve meaningful progress if we don't recognize and acknowledge the point from where we're starting? When checking directions on your sat-nav, a destination is useless unless we know the origin.

Whether it be connecting with others and improving interpersonal communication, achieving success in the workplace or social relationships, dealing with stress and improving motivation or refining decision-making skills - emotional intelligence plays a central role in realizing success in both personal and professional life.

Q. How is EI connected to conventional intelligence?