French Revolution - Olympiad Level MCQ, Class 9 SST - Class 9 MCQ

Battle of waterloo was fought in belgium on 18 june 1815 marked the final defeat of napoleon bonaparte,who conquered much of Europe in early 19th century.

The Spirit of Laws was written by Montesquieu.
Key points:
- Montesquieu, whose full name was Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, was a French lawyer, philosopher, and man of letters.
- He is best known for his work The Spirit of Laws (De l'esprit des lois), which was published in 1748.
- The Spirit of Laws is a major treatise on political theory and jurisprudence.
- In this work, Montesquieu discusses various forms of government, the separation of powers, and the importance of a balanced government.
- He argues that different types of government are suitable for different types of societies, and that a well-structured government is necessary for the preservation of liberty.
- Montesquieu's ideas had a significant influence on the development of political thought and the formation of constitutional systems, including the United States Constitution.

The book 'Two Treatises on Government' was written by John Locke.
Explanation:
- John Locke, an English philosopher and physician, is the author of the book 'Two Treatises on Government'.
- The book was published in 1690 and is considered one of the most influential works in the history of political philosophy.
- Locke's 'Two Treatises on Government' is divided into two parts: the First Treatise and the Second Treatise.
- The First Treatise argues against the concept of the divine right of kings and supports the idea of natural rights and individual liberty.
- The Second Treatise discusses the origins of political power, the social contract theory, and the rights and duties of citizens and rulers.
- Locke's ideas on government and individual rights greatly influenced the development of democratic principles and the formation of modern democratic societies.
- His concept of natural rights, including life, liberty, and property, laid the foundation for later thinkers and political movements.
- The book remains a significant reference for understanding the principles of limited government, consent of the governed, and the protection of individual rights.
Conclusion:
The book 'Two Treatises on Government' was written by John Locke, making option B the correct answer.

The term Old Regime is usually used to describe the society and institutions of France before 1789. The term Old Regime also used to describe the Political and social system of France prior to the French Revolution.

Theory proposed by Montesquieu:
- Montesquieu proposed the Theory of division of power.
- This theory is also known as the theory of separation of powers.
- According to Montesquieu, the powers of the government should be divided into three separate branches.
- These branches are the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
- Each branch should have its own powers and functions, and should act as a check on the other branches to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.
- Montesquieu believed that this division of power would help to protect individual liberties and prevent tyranny.
- This theory greatly influenced the development of modern democratic governments, including the United States Constitution.
- The U.S. Constitution, for example, divides the powers of the federal government among the three branches, ensuring a system of checks and balances.
- Montesquieu's theory of division of power continues to be an important concept in political science and constitutional law.

Napoleon was defeated in Waterloo by Duke of wellington and prussian army commanded by Gebhard Blucher and in 1821 he died.

Though the National Assembly held debates and discussions on the abolition of slavery, it did not make any law fearing opposition from the businessmen, whose income depended on slave trade. It was in 1794 that the Convention passed a law to free all slaves in French overseas possessions. But this lasted only for 10 years because when Napoleon Bonaparte became the emperor of France in 1804, he reintroduced slavery. In 1848, Slavery was finally abolished in French colonies.

Louis XVI (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and Navarre until 1791, and then as King of the French from 1791 to 1792, before being executed in 1793.

Answer:

The correct answer is Louis XVI.

Explanation:
- Marie Antoinette was an Austrian princess who married Louis XVI, making her the queen of France.
- Louis XVI was the last king of France before the French Revolution.

Rousseau In his book Social Contact He describe that there is an Contact with govt and people.

The Reign of Terror
The period from 1793 to 1794 in France is referred to as the Reign of Terror. This was a time of intense political and social upheaval during the French Revolution. The Reign of Terror was characterized by widespread violence, mass executions, and suppression of dissent.
Key Points:
- The Reign of Terror was initiated by the Committee of Public Safety, led by Maximilien Robespierre.
- It was a response to the threats faced by the revolutionary government, both from internal counter-revolutionaries and external enemies.
- The Committee of Public Safety implemented radical measures to protect the revolution and consolidate its power.
- The Revolutionary Tribunal was set up to try and execute those deemed enemies of the revolution.
- Thousands of people, including nobles, clergy, and ordinary citizens, were executed by guillotine during this period.
- The Reign of Terror also saw the rise of surveillance and state control, with the creation of the Committee of General Security.
- The Reign of Terror came to an end in July 1794 with the fall of Robespierre and the Thermidorian Reaction.
Conclusion:
The Reign of Terror was a dark and brutal period in French history, marked by intense violence and suppression. It had a profound impact on the course of the French Revolution and the subsequent development of French society and politics.

Tithes in France:
Tithes were an important aspect of the tax system in France during the medieval period and the Ancien Régime. Here is a detailed explanation of what tithes were in the context of France:
1. Definition:
- Tithes were a form of tax or levy imposed by the Church in France.
- The term "tithe" refers to one-tenth of a person's income or produce, which was required to be paid to the Church.
2. Collection and Purpose:
- Tithes were collected by the clergy, specifically the local parish priests or the religious institutions.
- The purpose of tithes was to support the Church and its activities, including the maintenance of churches, the salaries of clergy members, and the funding of religious ceremonies.
- Tithes were seen as a religious obligation, and failure to pay them could result in penalties or excommunication.
3. Types of Tithes:
- There were different types of tithes in France, including:
- The "gross" or "great" tithe, which was levied on agricultural produce, such as crops and livestock.
- The "small" tithe, which was imposed on other types of income, such as fishing, hunting, and crafts.
- The "personal" tithe, which was based on personal income and typically paid in cash.
4. Controversies and Abolition:
- Tithes were often a subject of controversy and discontent among the general population.
- Many considered the tithe system to be unfair and burdensome, as it primarily benefited the Church and the clergy.
- The French Revolution of 1789 brought significant changes to the tax system, and tithes were gradually abolished.
- In 1790, the National Assembly declared the abolition of tithes and replaced them with a new system of taxation.
In conclusion, tithes in France were a form of tax imposed by the Church, aiming to support its activities and maintain religious institutions. They were collected from individuals based on their income or produce, and their abolition occurred during the French Revolution.

Taille was a royal tax collected by the state. Tithe was a tax to religious contribution and was collected by church. Vingtième was a direct tax levied on income. The capitation was a poll tax, and it was levied on every adult French citizen.

The Fall of Bastille in France:

Answer: 14th July 1789

Explanation:

1. Historical Context:

• The Fall of Bastille is a significant event in French history.


• It marked the beginning of the French Revolution.

2. Date of the Fall of Bastille:

• The Fall of Bastille took place on 14th July 1789.

3. Significance of the Fall of Bastille:

• Bastille was a prison and a symbol of royal authority.


• The Fall of Bastille represented the people's uprising against the monarchy and the oppressive regime.


• It was a turning point in the French Revolution, as it demonstrated the power of the people and their demand for liberty, equality, and fraternity.

4. Events Leading to the Fall of Bastille:

• The French Revolution was fueled by economic grievances, political unrest, and social inequality.


• Widespread discontent and the formation of the National Assembly led to the storming of Bastille.


• People were demanding weapons and ammunition stored in Bastille, which they believed were necessary for their defense.

5. Symbolism and Legacy:

• The Fall of Bastille symbolized the end of the old regime and the beginning of a new era of revolutionary change.


• It is celebrated as a national holiday in France known as Bastille Day, commemorating the values of liberty, equality, and fraternity.

Conclusion:

The Fall of Bastille on 14th July 1789 marked a crucial event in French history and the start of the French Revolution. It represented the people's uprising against the monarchy and the demand for fundamental rights and freedoms. This event continues to be celebrated as Bastille Day, reminding the nation of the values it stands for.

Indian Individuals Who Responded to the Ideas from Revolutionary France:

1. Bhagat Singh:




• Bhagat Singh was an Indian revolutionary who was influenced by the ideas of Revolutionary France.


• He believed in the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity, which were inspired by the French Revolution.


• Bhagat Singh was a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement and played a significant role in protesting against British colonial rule.




2. Rammohan Roy:




• Rammohan Roy was a social reformer and intellectual who also responded to the ideas from Revolutionary France.


• He studied the works of French philosophers like Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu, and incorporated their ideas into his reformist agenda.


• Rammohan Roy advocated for social reforms such as the abolition of sati (the practice of widow burning), promotion of women's rights, and education for all.




3. Mahatma Gandhi:




• Mahatma Gandhi, the leader of the Indian independence movement, also responded to the ideas from Revolutionary France.


• Gandhi was influenced by the principles of non-violence, civil disobedience, and individual freedom, which were inspired by the French Revolution.


• He believed in the power of peaceful resistance and used non-violent methods to mobilize the masses in the fight against British colonial rule.




4. Sultan of Awadh:




• The Sultan of Awadh, also known as Wajid Ali Shah, was the ruler of the Awadh region in India during the 19th century.


• Although he was not an Indian individual who actively responded to the ideas from Revolutionary France, his rule was influenced by the cultural and intellectual trends of the time.


• During his reign, Wajid Ali Shah patronized art, music, and literature, which reflected the broader cultural exchange happening between India and Europe during that period.

Therefore, the correct answer is b) Rammohan Roy

Composer of the Marseillaise

The Marseillaise is a patriotic song that was composed during the French Revolution. It is widely known as the national anthem of France. The composer of this iconic song is Claude Joseph Rouget de L'Isle, a French army officer.

Explanation

The Marseillaise was composed in 1792 in Strasbourg, France. Claude Joseph Rouget de L'Isle wrote the lyrics and composed the music as a response to the declaration of war against Austria by France. The song gained popularity when a group of volunteers from Marseilles sang it while marching into Paris.

Here is some additional information about the composer and the song:

- Claude Joseph Rouget de L'Isle: He was a captain in the French Army and a poet. He composed the Marseillaise in one night, and it was originally titled "Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin" (War Song for the Army of the Rhine). Rouget de L'Isle's contribution to French history and culture is highly regarded.
- Significance of the Marseillaise: The Marseillaise became a symbol of French patriotism and resistance during the French Revolution. It was officially adopted as the national anthem of France in 1795 and has since been an integral part of French culture and heritage.
- Lyrics and Music: The lyrics of the Marseillaise evoke a sense of pride, defiance, and unity. The music is powerful and stirring, capturing the spirit of the revolution. The song's melody has been used in various adaptations and interpretations throughout history.
- Legacy: The Marseillaise continues to be an important symbol of French identity and has been sung in various historical and political events. It represents the ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity that are central to the French Republic.
In conclusion, the composer of the Marseillaise is Claude Joseph Rouget de L'Isle, a French army officer and poet. His iconic song has become the national anthem of France and is a symbol of French patriotism and resistance.

The Constitution begins with a declaration of the Rights of Man.
The Rights of Man are the fundamental and inalienable rights that every individual is entitled to. These rights include:
- Equality: The Constitution declares that all individuals are equal before the law, regardless of their race, religion, gender, or social status.
- Liberty: The Constitution guarantees the freedom and liberty of individuals, including freedom of speech, assembly, and religion.
- Property: The Constitution recognizes and protects the right to own and possess property.
- Justice: The Constitution establishes a system of justice that ensures fair treatment and due process for all individuals.
- Security: The Constitution provides for the protection of individuals and their property, ensuring their safety and well-being.
- Participation: The Constitution encourages active participation in the democratic process, allowing individuals to have a voice in the governance of their country.
By declaring the Rights of Man at the beginning of the Constitution, it sets the foundation for a just and democratic society, protecting the rights and freedoms of every individual.

The Patriotic Song of France During the Revolution:
The patriotic song of France during the revolution was the Marseillaise. Here is a detailed explanation of why the Marseillaise was a patriotic song of France during the revolution:
1. Background: The French Revolution, which took place from 1789 to 1799, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It was characterized by the overthrow of the monarchy, the rise of the French Republic, and the Reign of Terror.
2. Creation of the Marseillaise: The Marseillaise was composed in 1792 by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle. It was originally called "Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin" (War Song for the Army of the Rhine) and was written as a patriotic anthem to inspire French soldiers.
3. Adoption as the National Anthem: The Marseillaise gained popularity and was adopted as the national anthem of France in 1795. It became a symbol of the revolutionary spirit and was sung by revolutionaries during various events and celebrations.
4. Symbolism: The lyrics of the Marseillaise reflect the revolutionary ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity. It calls for the defense of the homeland and the overthrow of tyranny. The song's powerful and stirring melody resonated with the people and became a rallying cry for the revolution.
5. Use in Revolutionary Events: The Marseillaise was frequently sung during revolutionary events and gatherings. It was sung by the revolutionaries during the storming of the Bastille, the fall of the monarchy, and other significant moments of the revolution.
6. Legacy: The Marseillaise continues to be the national anthem of France to this day. It symbolizes the spirit of the French Revolution and is sung at official ceremonies, sporting events, and national celebrations.
In conclusion, the Marseillaise was a patriotic song of France during the revolution. Its powerful lyrics and melody captured the revolutionary spirit and became a symbol of the fight for liberty and equality.

The newly elected assembly of France was called the Convention. On 21September 1792 it abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic. As you know, a republic is a form of government where the people elect the government including the head of the government. There is no hereditary monarchy.

Examples of individuals who represented the ideas coming from revolutionary France:

1. Gandhi and Nehru: These two leaders were not directly influenced by the ideas coming from revolutionary France, but they were inspired by the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity that emerged from the French Revolution.


2. Tilak and Gokhale: These Indian leaders were more focused on constitutional reforms and political rights rather than being directly influenced by the ideas of revolutionary France.


3. Tipu Sultan and Raja Ram Mohan Roy: These individuals were not influenced by the ideas coming from revolutionary France. Tipu Sultan was the ruler of Mysore who resisted British colonialism, and Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a social reformer who advocated for social and religious reforms in India.


4. Tagore and V Vivekananda: These individuals were not directly influenced by the ideas coming from revolutionary France. Tagore was a poet, philosopher, and social reformer, while Vivekananda was a spiritual leader who emphasized Hindu philosophy and spirituality.

Therefore, the correct answer is option C, which states that Tipu Sultan and Raja Ram Mohan Roy are the examples of individuals who represented the ideas coming from revolutionary France.

Rousseau: French Philosopher

• Rousseau was a prominent French philosopher during the 18th century.


• He was born on June 28, 1712, in Geneva, Switzerland.


• Rousseau's ideas greatly influenced the development of political philosophy and education.


• His most famous works include "The Social Contract" and "Emile, or On Education."


• Rousseau emphasized the importance of the individual's freedom and the social contract between citizens and the government.


• He believed that society corrupts individuals and advocated for a return to a more natural state of existence.


• Rousseau's ideas had a significant impact on the French Revolution and subsequent political movements.


• His philosophy influenced the development of democracy and individual rights.


• Rousseau's ideas continue to be studied and debated by philosophers, political scientists, and educators today.

We know they r common people's of Paris they were ... morealso known as Jacobin's clun . they were third estate people's and was opposed to their king. they work red caps which symbolize that they were free. actually this all about france before the french revolution.

The National Anthem of France
The national anthem of France is called "La Marseillaise." It was composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle in 1792 and officially adopted as the national anthem in 1795. The lyrics of the anthem are written in French and reflect the spirit of the French Revolution.
Key Points:
- The national anthem of France is called "La Marseillaise."
- It was composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle in 1792.
- The anthem was officially adopted as the national anthem in 1795.
- The lyrics of the anthem are in French.
- "La Marseillaise" reflects the spirit of the French Revolution.
Conclusion:
The correct answer is A: "Marseillaise."

Popular Political Club in France - Jacobins
The popular political club in France during the French Revolution was the Jacobins. The Jacobin Club played a significant role in the radicalization of the revolution and the establishment of the First French Republic. Here are some key points about the Jacobins:
1. Origin and Influence: The Jacobin Club was founded in Paris in 1789 and gained immense popularity during the early years of the Revolution. It attracted members from the middle and lower classes, including lawyers, journalists, and intellectuals.
2. Political Beliefs: The Jacobins were known for their radical political beliefs and their commitment to the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity. They advocated for a centralized republic, universal suffrage, and the abolition of monarchy.
3. Leadership: Prominent leaders of the Jacobin Club included Maximilien Robespierre, Georges Danton, and Jean-Paul Marat. These leaders played a crucial role in shaping the course of the Revolution and implementing radical reforms.
4. Role in the Revolution: The Jacobins played a key role in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the First French Republic in 1792. They were also responsible for the Reign of Terror, a period of mass executions and political repression aimed at eliminating counter-revolutionary elements.
5. Activities: The Jacobin Club held regular meetings where members discussed political issues, debated policies, and formulated plans for revolutionary change. They also published newspapers and pamphlets to spread their ideas.
In conclusion, the Jacobin Club was the popular political club in France during the French Revolution. They were known for their radical political beliefs, leadership in the revolution, and their significant impact on the course of the Revolution.

The Third Estate formed and announced the National Assembly at the Indoor Tennis Court.

• The formation of the National Assembly by the Third Estate occurred on June 17, 1789, in Versailles, France.


• King Louis XVI had called for a meeting of the Estates-General to address the financial crisis in the country.


• The Third Estate, which represented the commoners and the majority of the population, felt that they were not being adequately represented in the Estates-General.


• On June 20, 1789, after being locked out of their usual meeting place, the Third Estate moved to the nearby Indoor Tennis Court.


• Inside the Tennis Court, they took an oath, known as the Tennis Court Oath, in which they pledged to not disband until they had drafted a new constitution for France.


• This act marked the formation of the National Assembly, which was a revolutionary step towards a more representative government and the beginning of the French Revolution.


• The announcement of the National Assembly and the Tennis Court Oath sent shockwaves throughout France and eventually led to widespread unrest and the storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789.

In summary, the Third Estate formed and announced the National Assembly at the Indoor Tennis Court in Versailles, France, on June 20, 1789.