General Knowledge Mock Test - 1 - CDS

In Sanskrit plays of Gupta period women and Sudras speak prakrit.

In the year 1915 near a village called Maski in Raichur District of Karnataka, a rock inscription was discovered on a hill. In this inscription for the first time the name of Ashoka was found with titles like Devanampriya and Priyadarshi. It was then certain that Devanampriya Priyadarshi was no other than Ashoka.

Anuvrata was the five main teachings of Jainism- Ahimsa, Asateya, Aparigraha, Satya and Brahmacharya.

The Words Satyameva Jayate came from Mundaka Upanishad, meaning ‘Truth Alone Triumphs’.

It is the Mausoleum of Muhammad Adil Shah Sur of Bijapur. This is the second largest dome in the world.

It was constituted by Shivaji in Maratha administration.

The Viceroy Executive Council served as the executive branch of interim government. Although it was originally headed by the Viceroy of India, it was transformed into a council of ministers with the powers of a Prime Minister bestowed on the vice president of the Council, a position held by Jawaharlal Nehru.

Hughly was used as a base for piracy in the Bay of Bangal by the Portuguese.

It was mainly used in maintaining the revenue and administrative records.

He succeeded Dumas as the French governor of Pondicherry. His ambition now was to acquire for France vast territories in India, and for this purpose he entered into relations with the native princes, and adopted a style of oriental splendour in his dress and surroundings. He built an army of native troops, called sepoys, who were trained as infantrymen men in his service also included the famous Hyder Ali of Mysore. Colonial administrator and governor-general of the French territories in India, who nearly realized his dream of establishing a French empire in India.

Hindu College, Calcutta - 1817; University of Calcutta - 1858; Adam’s Report – 1835-38; Wood’s Despatch - 1854

Durgesh Nandini was written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in 1862-1864 in Bangla.

Captain William Sleeman was appointed by Lord William Bentick (1828-35) to suppress the thugs.

When the Nehru Report came before the annual session of the Congress in Calcutta in December 1928, the left lashed it out on the fact that it did not want the complete Independence and wanted only a dominion status. Meanwhile in April 1928, the "Independence for India League" was formed with Jawaharlal Lal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose as Secretaries and S. Srinivasa Iyengar as President.

Communist Vanguard was an emigre Communist journal of M.N. Roy.

Lucknow Pact - 1916; Introduction of Diarchy under Montford Reforms (GIA 1919) - July 1918; Rowlatt Act - March 1919; Partition of Bengal - 1905. Answer is 4132. 

In 1908, Barrah Dacoity was organized by Dacca Anushilan under Pulin Das in East Bengal.

On 12 March, 1930, Gandhi started his civil disobedience movement by starting Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram in Gujarat and reached Dandi on 6 April 1930 and broke the salt law.

Satya Sodhak Samaj was founded by Jyoti Ba Phule in 1873.

It was led by Vallabh Bhai Patel in Gujarat.

It is a process in which the frequency of the carrier is varied in accordance with the instantaneous value of modulating voltage. In telecommunications and signal processing, frequency modulation (FM) conveys information over a carrier wave by varying its instantaneous frequency. FM is most commonly used for radio and television broadcasting.

An astronomical unit is a unit of length equal to about 149,597,870.7 kilometers or approximately the mean Earth-Sun distance. The astronomical constant whose value is one astronomical unit is referred to as unit distance and is given by the symbol A.

In compact disc digital data is scanned by laser beam for the reproduction of recorded sound.

Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum longer than infrared light. Like all other electromagnetic waves, they travel at the speed of light. Artificially-generated radio waves are used for fixed and mobile radio communication, broadcasting, radar and other navigation systems, satellite communication, computer networks and innumerable other applications.

A nuclear reactor is a device to initiate and control a sustained nuclear chain reaction. The most common use of nuclear reactors is for the generation of electrical power and for the power in some ships. In every fission reaction in which uranium nuclei splits up to give smaller nuclei three more neutrons are produced which further results into splitting of heavy uranium nuclei and more number of neutrons will be produced. Thus, statement, 1 and 2 are correct. In nuclear reactor all the neutrons produced can not take part in fission reaction, else reaction can turn out extremely violent. Thus, graphite rods are used as a control rods to slow down the speed of fast moving neutrons. Thus, statement 3 is also correct.

Monkey and bullet both fall under the same gravitational force, so bullet will hit exactly the same point it has been aimed.

Capillary action, or capillarity, is a phenomenon where liquid spontaneously rises in a narrow space such as a thin tube, or in porous materials such as paper or in some non-porous materials such as liquified carbon fibre. This effect can cause liquids to flow against the force of gravity or the magnetic field induction. In blotting of ink, spread of water drop on a cotton cloth and the rising of water from the roots of a plant to its foliage.

A "streamlined" design is one in which objects that move through a gas or liquid are shaped to match these lines, and therefore, reduce the energy required to produce that motion. Multi point fuel injection system injects fuel into individual cylinders, based on commands from the 'on board engine management system computer—popularly known as the Engine Control Unit/ECU. These techniques result not only in better 'power balance' amongst the cylinders but also in higher output from each one of them, along with faster throttle response. The other two options radial tyres and catalytic converter with exhaust do not contribute to make the car more fuel efficient.

First statement can be explained on the basis of laws of motion. First statement involves the use of Newton's third law of motion, "For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction". In first case while whistling a man uses his breathe as a propellant to propel himself. The second statement can be explained on the basis of law of conservation of linear momentum according to which the momentum of body remains conserved until any external force acts upon it.

Mass is a universal constant. The mass of a body remains unchanged in any part of universe. Mass of a body does not change with respect to gravity. It is the weight that changes with gravity.

Scintillation counter (scintillometer): An instrument which measures gamma radiation. It is also used in airborne and ground radiometer surveys. This instrument utilizes the flash of light emitted when the atoms of a suitable ' phosphor' are energized by gamma rays. The scintillations are detected by a light sensitive cathode.

Ni-Cd batteries contain nickel hydroxide as positive electrode plate, a cadmium hydroxide as negative electrode plate, and an alkaline electrolyte as separator. The chemical reaction which occurs in Ni-Cd battery is2NiO (OH) + Cd + 2H2O ↔2Ni(OH)2 + Cd(OH)2

Uranium oxide is smuggled across border in the form of yellow cake. Uranium oxide is produced by refining tons of dirt (ore) containing uranium to produce "Yellow cake". Typically yellow cake which contains 80% of uranium oxide, which melts at approximately 2878°C whereas modern yellow cakecontains 70 to 90% triuranium octaxide (U3O8) by weight. Yellow cake is used in the preparation of uranium fuel for nuclear reactor. Uranium obtained from yellow cake also used in making many types of illegal nuclear explosive which is very dangerous to mankind.

Nuclear fission is a perfect example of chain reaction. In case of nuclear fission a heavy atomic nucleus (such as that of uranium) disintegrates into two nearby equal fragments with release of large amount of energy when large number of nuclei are brought closer together. In such a case the neutrons released, when one nucleus splits, strikes other nuclei causing them to split and the process continues. Now atomic bomb and nuclear reactor both works on nuclear fission chain reaction but chain reaction in nuclear reactor is controlled by control rods, made up of metal cadmium or boron a neutron absorbing material, whereas in atomic bomb there is no neutron absorber. So chain reaction goes uncontrolled and is very violent.

Each alpha particle contains two protons and two neutrons.
Total number of nucleons = Number of protons +
Number of neutrons
= 2 + 2 = 4
Total number of nucleons = Mass number of an
element
Thus mass number of alpha particle is 4 which is equal to molecular weight of helium atom.

Zirconium purified metal is primarily used by the nuclear industry to form the outer layer of fuel rods in nuclear reactors. Zirconium's major use is as cladding for nuclear reactors. It is ideal for this use, as it has a limited ability to capture neutrons, strength at elevated temperatures, considerable corrosion resistance, and satisfactory neutron damage resistance.

Barium is given in adequate amount to patients before X-ray examination. The gut (gastrointestinal tract) does not show up very well on ordinary X-ray pictures. However, if you drink a white liquid that contains a chemical called barium sulphate, the outline of the upper parts of the gut (oesophagus, stomach and small intestines) shows up clearly on X- ray pictures. This is because X-rays do not pass through barium.

Cobalt-60 is useful as a gamma ray source because it can be produced in predictable quantity and high activity by bombarding cobalt with neutrons. This is commonly used in radiation therapy for treatment of cancer.

Ammonia is used as a large scale refrigerant because it has highest refrigerating capacity per pound of any refrigerant and a number of other excellent thermal properties that make it popular for a number of refrigeration applications in spite of its being toxic, explosive and flammable within certain conditions. Ammonia is used as refrigerant prominently in the refrigeration systems of food industry like dairies, ice creams plants, frozen food production plants, cold storage warehouses, processors of fish, meat and number of other applications. Comparatively chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) chemical, safer refrigerators were possible for home and consumer use.

Vitamin A (retinol and beta-carotene) Pure vitamin A (retinol) is a lipid-soluble vitamin. It is primarily found in animal sources that contain fat. Pepsin is an enzyme -- specifically, it's a Protolithic enzyme, meaning it helps digest proteins. Fertility and menstruation are largely controlled by hormones, and one of these hormones is progesterone. Amino acid sequence of a progesterone-binding protein.

Essential amino acids are those you cannot manufacture. Because you lack the enzymes necessary to create them from other biological molecules, you must supply them from your diet each day. They include histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine.

Hemophilia, is a mostly inherited genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to make blood clots, a process needed to stop bleeding. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas, a gland behind the stomach, does not produce enough of the hormone insulin, or the body can't use insulin properly.

A drug of last resort (DoLR) is a pharmaceutical drug that is tried after all other drug options, risk of irreversible, fatal aplastic anaemia and grey baby syndrome causes systemically administered chloramphenicol to be a drug of last resort.

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain. Severity is variable. Symptoms include headache, fever, confusion, a stiff neck, and vomiting. Leukemia is cancer of the body's blood-forming tissues, including the bone marrow and the lymphatic system.

Proteins are composed of molecules called amino acids, and each amino acid contains four elements: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon.

The major components of honey are Fructose: 38.2% Glucose: 31.3% Maltose: 7.1% Sucrose: 1.3% Water: 17.2% Higher sugars: 1.5% Ash: 0.2% Other/undetermined: 3.2%

Nitrates in drinking water. A sort of "blue baby syndrome" can also be caused by methemoglobinemia. It is widely believed to be caused by nitrate contamination in groundwater resulting in decreased oxygen carrying capacity of haemoglobin in babies leading to death.

Cholera is an acute epidemic infectious disease. It is characterized by watery diarrhea, extreme loss of fluid and electrolytes, and severe dehydration. It is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholera (V. cholera).

The National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) is an Indian Public health, Biotechnology and Translational research center located in Hyderabad, India The institute is one of the oldest research centers in India, and the largest center, under the Indian Council of Medical Research located in the vicinity of Osmania University

Lake Victoria acts as the international boundary between Tanzania and Uganda. It is the largest lake in Africa and 2nd widest fresh water body in the world.

Marsupials are a group of mammals commonly have pouches or pocket of skin, where the mother nurses their young. These marsupials are found in Australia. The common example of marsupials is Kangaroo and Koala.

The given map is the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. In western India. The capital is at Silvasa and major language of this Union Territory is Guajarati.

Victoria waterfalls is associated with the river Zambezi which is situated in Africa.

In Macedonia, ethnic Albanian population is 23%, which is a good number in Macedonia. But in Kosovo 92% are Albanians and Serbians are in a minority.

Israel has common borders with Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Egypt.

Armenia is a land lock country.

Mekong is a major river in south eastern Asia. Mekong is known as the Lancang in China. It runs through Yunan province, China, forms the border between Myanmar and Laos and most of the border between Laos and Thailand and flows across Cambodia and Southern Vietnam before emptying to South China.

Latvia does not share its border with Poland because it is located between Estonia, Russia, Belarus, Lithuania, Gulf of Riga and Baltic Sea.

The Panama Canal joins Pacific Ocean, Atalantic Ocean, Colombia and Coast Rica.

Silent Valley National Park is situated in Nilgiri Hills of Western Ghats. The park is bound by Attappadi reserved forest to the east and vested forest of Palaghat division and Nilamber division to the south-west respectively.

Ukraine does not border Lithuania. The border countries to Lithuania are Latvia, Russia, Poland, Belarus. Baltic sea is located in the west.

While moving from the North to South Pakistan, the correct sequence of the towns is Peshawar – Islamabad – Gujranwala – Multan.

All the monuments / sites are included in World Heritage list of UNESCO. Sun Temple of Orissa, group of monuments at Mahabalipuram were included in 1985. Champaner – Pavagadh Archeological Park of Gujrat and Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus of Maharastra are included in year 2004 in UNESCO list.

City River

A. Washington, D.C. 4. River Potomac

B. Berlin 3. River Spree

C. Paris 2. River Seine

D. Madrid 1. River Manzanares

The total area of United Kingdom is 94, 226 sq miles (244, 044 sq km), where England covers 50, 344 sq miles (130, 365 sq km) i.e. less than 60 % of total land area of United Kingdom. Great Britain donot comprise of Northern Ireland.

Itaipu Dam is built on River Parana is the largest dam in the world. This is a joint project of Brazil – Paraguay.

The decreasing order of arrangement of continent according to the percentage of Earth's land is Africa (29800000 sq km), North America (21510000 sq km) South America (17598000 sq km) and Europe (9699550 sq km).

Bermuda Triangle is a strange and mysterious location in southern Atlantic Ocean. It is roughly in the shape of a triangle which extends upto South Florida, Pruto Rico and Bermuda Island.

Best answer is 1, 2 and 3. Because only Inter State Council is a constitutional body under article 263. So option 4 should not be included.

Correct Answer :- c

Explanation : The following provisions are amended by special majority and consent of the state legislature by a simple majority.

1. Election of the president and its manner.

2. Extent of the executive power of the union and the states.

3. Supreme court and high courts

4. Distribution of legislature powers between the union and the states.

5. Any of the lists in the Seventh Schedule.

6. Representation of states in the Parliament.

National Development council is not a constitutional body. It is an extra-constitutional body. Planning Commission is a non-constitutional and non-statutory body. It was created by the Govt. of India in 1950 bya resolution. Zonal councils have been recognized in the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992.

out of 52 items on the concurrent list, Economic and Social Planning is placed under Article 40 of the Constitution. Directive Principles of State Policy lays down that the State shall take steps to organize village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government. Planning for economic development and social justice is one such power given to village panchayats.

The 52nd Amendment act of 1985, added 10th schedule to the Constitution. This is often referred to as anti-defection law.

Elections in India are conducted according to the constitutional provisions, supplemented by laws made by Parliament. The major laws are Representation of the People Act, 1950, which mainly deals with the preparation and revision of electoral rolls, the Representation of the People Act, 1951 which deals, in detail, with all aspects of conduct of elections and post-election disputes.

In Gujarat and Maharashtra the Chief Ministers come under the ambit of Lok Ayukta Act.

All the parties mentioned are state level parties.

A defeated candidate who fails to secure more than one sixth of the valid votes polled in the constituency will lose his security deposit. When a very large number of candidates contest the election, due to distribution of votes, the winning candidate may get less than 1/6 th of valid voters.

Writ Jurisdiction is a constitutional remedy available to a person to bring his complaint or grievance against any administrative action to the notice of the court in case fundamental rights had been violated. Safeguard of fundamental rights and assurance of natural justice are the most important components of writ jurisdictions.

Captain Charles Cunningham Boycott was a British land agent whose ostracism by the local community in Ireland as part of a campaign for agrarian tenants' rights in 1880 gave the English language the verb to boycott, meaning "to ostracise".

Both statements are correct but do not explain the assertion. At present, the Minorities Commission has a Statutory status. 103rd Constitutional Amendment Bill provides for granting constitutional status to the Minorities Commission. The bill has not passed by the Houses of Parliament.

Article 41 of the Indian Constitution "Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases" deals with the directive principles of state policy.

This process is followed in Germany and known as Constructive vote of a no-confidence motion.

Political scientists speculate that proportional representation leads logically to multi-party systems, since it allows new parties to build a niche in the legislature.

Party funding in Austria has been subject to public regulation and public subsidies since 1975. Party finance in Germany is the subject of statutory reports, which up to 35 parties file annually with the administration of the German parliament.

PIL originated in USA. It seeks to protect and promote interest of the public at large.

Judicial review is one big difference. In India, the judiciary system can take up an act passed by parliament and has the power to nullify it. In Britain, law passed by House of Commons can't be overturned.

It is the sole prerogative of Parliament under Article 253 of the Constitution.

Madhya Pradesh is the state, where the largest number of seats are reserved for scheduled tribe in the Lok Sabha.

The theme of the eighth Five Year Plan (1992- 1997) was “Plan with a human face”.

Non-plan expenditures include non- developmental expenditure (interest payment, subsidies, defence expenditure, civil administration), developmental expenditure and expenditure incurred on projects which remained unfinished in the earlier plans.

The targeted annual growth rate was 5.6% but the actual growth rate was 6.7%.

Under Deficit financing, the government spends more money than it collects as revenue, the difference being made up by borrowing from the Reserve Bank of India by issue of Promissory notes.

The New Exim Policy was for five years (April 1, 1992 – March 31, 1997).

General Price rise may be caused by an increase in the money supply as the real value of the money reduces. The higher aggregate price level will reduce the purchasing power subsequently reducing the consumer spending. Effective demand also increases when there is less purchasing power due to inflation.

Extremely high rates of inflation are generally associated with high rates of money growth. It is often the result of financing large deficits by printing money.

Supply of money remaining the same when there is an increase in demand. With increase in demand for money, people will deposit less money in banks. Hence, banks will increase rate of interest to attract people to deposit money in bank.

A country’s economic growth is reflected through capital formation, which in turn encourages private enterprises in enhancing the growth of a country’s economy.

When interest rates decrease then investment expenditure by businesses on capital goods like factories and equipment increase in an economy.

The US space agency NASA on July 20, 2018 announced to launch the Parker Solar Probe, a robotic car-size spacecraft, to study the Sun and reveal multiple mysteries behind the star.The spacecraft will be launched in August 2018 on the United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy from Cape Canaveral in Florida.

Two Indians, namely, Bharat Vatwani and Sonam Wangchuk on July 26, 2018 won the 2018 Ramon Magsaysay Award, the Asian version of the Nobel Prize. Bharat Vatwani is a psychiatrist who works for the mentally-ill street persons, while, Sonam Wangchuk works to harness science and culture creatively for economic progress that has improved the lives of the Ladakhi youth.

The Lok Sabha on July 23, 2018 passed the Negotiable Instruments (Amendment) Bill, 2017 that seeks to amend the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. The Act has amended to deal firmly with cheque bounce cases.

The Union government has constituted a high-level committee to suggest laws against mob lynching and violence. The high-level committee, headed by the Union Home Secretary Rajiv Gauba, will submit its suggestions to the Home ministry within 4 weeks.

Life Insurance Corporation of India's (LIC's) board has approved acquiring up to 51 per cent stake in the state-run IDBI Bank. Now LIC will approach markets regulator Sebi. Insurance regulator Irdai has already given its approval to the insurer for the stake purchase.

As per the SIPRI report, New Delhi's defence spending increased by 5.5 percent to $63.9 billion in 2017. Now it has surpassed France. Worldwide military spending increased to $1.73 trillion in 2017, which is nearly 2.2 percent of global gross domestic product. The list of the world's biggest military spenders is dominated by the US and China, which spent $610 billion and $228 billion respectively.

Subhash Chandra Khuntia is 1981-batch Karnataka-cadre Indian Administrative Services (IAS) officer.

ADB’s Chief Economist Yasuyuki Sawada said that the India’s Growth in 2017 is low because the Introduction of Demonetization and he Further Continues that the growth Projection of India is high from the Previous year is because of the Implementation of GST, Foreign Direct Investment also helps in India’s growth & the Most Important Factor which boost the growth is the Governments Initiative of Ease of Doing Business.

DST is one of the three departments of the Ministry of Science & Technology. It was set up on 3rd May 1971.

The workshop was addressed by Union Health Minister J P Nadda. A memorandum of understanding (MOU) was signed between Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu and Kashmir and Chandigarh during the course of this workshop

The nitric acid in polar stratospheric clouds reacts with CFCs to form chlorine, which catalyzes the photochemical destruction of ozone.

The Bhitarkanika Mangroves are a mangrove wetland in India's Orissa state. The Bhitarkanika Mangroves cover an area of 650 km2 in the river delta of the Brahmani and Baitarani rivers.

To qualify as a hotspot, a region must meet two strict criteria: it must contain at least 1,500 species of vascular plants (> 0.5 percent of the world’s total) as endemics, and it has to have lost at least 70 percent of its original habitat. So we choose Species richness as well as Endemism. Along with this Threat perception is necessary to take , because it makes the base of this concept. Adaptation of flora is an arbitrary option, Ethno-botanical importance does nothing with the Biodiversity Hotspot selection criteria, vegetation Density is also discarded.

Himalayas and its adjoining areas are marked as a confluence of several biogeographical realms. It has varity of forest type and is rich in zoo- biogeographic region.

Algea multiply rapidly when nutrients are present there. So, discharge of nutrients favour algea growth from estuaries to sea. The run off the land during the monsoon bring salts which favours the growth of algea. Upwelling of the sea water from the sea flow brings the nutrients on tap level leading in fast algea multiplication.

Photosynthesis by plants removes about 120 billion tons of carbon from the air per year, but plant decomposition returns about the same amount. When the organic matter is oxidized through respiration, the reverse of photosynthesis takes place. Respiration releases CO2 into the atmosphere. Respiration and photosynthesis occur at nearly equal rates over one year. Volcanic eruptions and metamorphism releasegases into the atmosphere. Volcanic gases are primarily water vapor, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide.

The Indian wild ass are also called as ghudkhuer in local Gujrati language, is a subspecies of the onager native of South Asia. It is unknown how they disappeared though they have never been hunting target during any emperors in India. The history speaks that their number has been declining after due to diseases such as surra and horse sickness. The process related to salt activities has also been a reason behind it.

Biological diversity helps in the formation and maintenance of soil structure and the retention of moisture and nutrient levels. Biodiversity supports ecosystem services including air quality, climate water purification, pollination, and prevention of erosion.

Zoo and botanical gardens are the most conventional methods of ex-situ conservation, rest all options are natural habitats so are of in-situ conservation.

The mangrove trees do not get uprooted by storms and tides because of their extensive roots.