Geography Mock Test- 5 - Class 10 MCQ

There are two main sources of water: surface water and groundwater. Surface Water is found in lakes, rivers, and reservoirs. Groundwater lies under the surface of the land, where it travels through and fills openings in the rocks. The rocks that store and transmit groundwater are called aquifers.

Option (a) is incorrect because dams do contribute significantly to power generation through hydroelectric projects.
Option (b) is correct as dams act as barriers that reduce sediment flow downstream, and they are also widely used for generating hydroelectric power.
Option (c) is incorrect because dams have been crucial in providing irrigation water, especially for agriculture in India (e.g., Bhakra Nangal, Hirakud).
Option (d) is incorrect because, although dams have environmental and social impacts, they also provide major benefits like irrigation, drinking water supply, and electricity. 

Therefore, the Correct Answer is Option b.

The correct answer is B as The most striking feature of the Indian minerals is their uneven distribution. Some areas are very rich in minerals while some others are completely devoid of this valuable asset.Minerals are rarely found in Northern plains of India.

Magnetite is the finest iron ore with a very high content of iron up to 70 per cent. It has excellent magnetic qualities, especially valuable in the electrical industry. Hematite ore is the most important industrial iron ore in terms of the quantity used, but has a slightly lower iron content than magnetite. (50-60 per cent).

 

The correct option is C.
The chemical industry itself is the largest purchaser of chemical products. Crude oil has a tremendous impact on the chemicals industry because many plastics and polymers are manufactured from it

Norway experiences a natural phenomenon known as the midnight sun. The country acquired the name as the Land of Midnight because in the summer months, some parts of the country experience sunshine throughout the day.

Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees in an area where there was no forest. As plant roots hold the soil, Afforestation prevents soil erosion and enables better retention of water.

Laterite has been derived from the Latin word 'later' which means brick.

First Successful Textile Mill in India
The first successful textile mill in India was established in Mumbai in 1854. Here is a detailed explanation of the historical background and significance of this event:
1. Historical Context:
- Before the establishment of the textile mill, India had a rich tradition of textile production, including handloom weaving and spinning.
- However, the Industrial Revolution in Europe brought about mechanized textile production, which India struggled to compete with initially.
2. The Vision of Jamsetji Tata:
- Jamsetji Tata, a visionary industrialist, recognized the need for industrialization in India and the potential of the textile sector.
- He founded the Tata Group and aimed to set up a textile mill that could rival the mills in Europe.
3. The Establishment of the Mill:
- In 1854, Jamsetji Tata established the first successful textile mill in India, known as "The Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company."
- The mill was located in Mumbai (then known as Bombay) and started with 40,000 spindles and 250 looms.
4. Technological Advancements:
- The mill introduced modern machinery and techniques, including power looms and steam engines, which greatly increased production efficiency.
- This marked a significant shift from traditional handloom production to mechanized textile manufacturing in India.
5. Impact and Significance:
- The establishment of the first successful textile mill in India laid the foundation for the growth of the textile industry in the country.
- It served as a catalyst for industrialization and played a crucial role in the economic development of India.
- The mill provided employment opportunities and contributed to the overall modernization of the Indian textile sector.
In conclusion, the first successful textile mill in India was established in Mumbai in 1854. This event marked a turning point in the country's textile industry, paving the way for industrialization and economic growth.

Answer:
To determine which states have the highest concentration of sugar mills, we need to analyze the options provided and examine the sugar production in each state.
Punjab and Haryana:
- Punjab and Haryana are known for their agricultural activities, including sugar production. However, the percentage of sugar mills in these states is not mentioned in the options.
Maharashtra and Gujarat:
- Maharashtra and Gujarat are major sugar-producing states in India.
- Maharashtra alone accounts for around 35% of the total sugar production in the country, with a large number of sugar mills.
- Gujarat also has a significant number of sugar mills but does not have as high a concentration as Maharashtra.
Uttar Pradesh and Bihar:
- Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer of sugar in India and has the highest concentration of sugar mills.
- Bihar also has a significant number of sugar mills but not as many as Uttar Pradesh.
West Bengal and Orissa:
- West Bengal and Odisha have a moderate number of sugar mills, but they do not have the highest concentration in the country.
Based on the analysis, the correct answer is option C: Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. These states have the highest concentration of sugar mills in India.

B is the correct option.Bauxite is a mineral which is formed by decomposition of rocks, leaving a residual mass of weathered material.

B is the correct option.Bailadila is famous for producing iron which is used for steel making. 'BAILADILA' is a hill range in Chattisgarh which is famous for “the very high grade hematites” which are found in bailadila.

Rank of India in the world in terms of water availability per person per annum:
India's rank in terms of water availability per person per annum is 133.
Explanation:
- According to the World Bank, water availability is measured in cubic meters per person per year.
- The water availability per person in India is relatively low compared to other countries.
- India receives an average annual rainfall of about 4,000 billion cubic meters, but due to population size and inefficient water management, the per capita availability is low.
- The water scarcity in India is mainly due to uneven distribution, overexploitation of groundwater, and inadequate infrastructure for water storage and distribution.
- The low availability of water per person has significant implications for agriculture, domestic use, and industrial activities in the country.
- The ranking of countries in terms of water availability per person per annum is determined by comparing the water resources and population of each country.
- India's rank of 133 indicates that there are 132 other countries in the world with better water availability per person.
- It highlights the need for sustainable water management practices and efficient utilization of water resources in India.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C: 133 rank.

• Agriculture and industry can coexist and support each other.
• Many industries rely on agricultural products as raw materials, such as food processing.
• Industries create jobs and boost the economy in agricultural areas.

Factory location decisions are influenced by cost factors:

• Key considerations include transportation, labour, raw materials, and infrastructure.
• Choosing a low-cost location helps maximise profitability.

Conclusion:

• Both the assertion and reason are true.
• However, the reason does not explain why agriculture and industry are interconnected.
• The reason focuses on factory location rather than their relationship.
• Thus, option B is correct: Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason does not explain the assertion.

Answer:

Types of Economic Activity:

• Primary Activity: This type of economic activity involves the extraction of natural resources directly from the environment. It includes activities such as agriculture, fishing, mining, and forestry.


• Secondary Activity: This type of economic activity involves the processing and manufacturing of raw materials obtained from primary activities. It includes activities such as manufacturing, construction, and electricity generation.


• Tertiary Activity: This type of economic activity involves providing services to individuals and businesses. It includes activities such as retail, transportation, finance, healthcare, and education.

Agriculture:

Agriculture is a primary economic activity. It involves the cultivation of crops, raising livestock, and other activities related to the production of food, fiber, and raw materials. Agriculture is the foundation of many economies around the world and plays a crucial role in providing food and resources for human consumption.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the correct answer is A: Primary activity. Agriculture is considered a primary economic activity as it involves the direct extraction and production of raw materials from the environment.

Primitive Subsistence Farming in North-eastern States:
In the north-eastern states of Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Nagaland, Primitive Subsistence Farming is known as Jhumming. Here is a detailed explanation of this agricultural practice:
1. Jhumming:
- Also known as shifting cultivation, Jhumming is a traditional farming method followed by indigenous communities in the north-eastern states.
- It involves clearing a patch of land, often in forests, and burning the vegetation to release nutrients into the soil.
- The ash from the burnt vegetation acts as a natural fertilizer for the crops.
- The land is then cultivated for a few years until the soil fertility decreases, after which the farmers move to a new patch of land and repeat the process.
- Jhumming is characterized by small-scale farming, low input usage, and crop rotation.
- It is mainly practiced for subsistence purposes rather than commercial production.
2. Characteristics of Jhumming:
- It relies on the natural fertility of the soil and does not involve the use of chemical fertilizers or pesticides.
- The crops grown in Jhumming include rice, maize, millets, potatoes, and vegetables.
- The farming system is dependent on the traditional knowledge and practices passed down through generations.
- Jhumming also has social and cultural significance for the indigenous communities, as it is often associated with their identity and traditional practices.
3. Challenges and Concerns:
- Despite its cultural significance, Jhumming is facing challenges due to the changing socio-economic conditions and environmental concerns.
- The practice requires large areas of land, which leads to deforestation and loss of biodiversity.
- The decreasing fallow periods and increased population pressure have resulted in reduced soil fertility.
- Efforts are being made to promote sustainable alternatives to Jhumming, such as terrace farming, agroforestry, and the use of improved farming techniques.
Overall, Jhumming, or Primitive Subsistence Farming, is an integral part of the agricultural practices in the north-eastern states. It is an age-old tradition that has sustained the livelihoods of indigenous communities for generations. However, with changing times, there is a need to balance tradition with sustainable agricultural practices to ensure the preservation of culture and the environment.

Intensive Subsistence Farming

• Definition: Intensive subsistence farming is a type of farming where a small plot of land is intensively cultivated to yield maximum output to support a large population.


• Characteristics:




• Small land holdings


• High labor input per unit of land


• Use of high yielding varieties of crops


• Multiple cropping and crop rotation




• Practiced in Areas with High Population Pressure:




• Intensive subsistence farming is commonly practiced in areas with high population pressure on land.


• Due to limited land availability and a large number of people dependent on agriculture for their livelihood, farmers adopt intensive farming methods to maximize productivity.


• This type of farming ensures that the available land is utilized efficiently to meet the food requirements of the growing population.

Iron and Steel Industry Classification:
The iron and steel industry is classified as a Heavy industry based on the following factors:
1. Character of Raw Material:
- The iron and steel industry uses heavy raw materials such as iron ore, coal, and limestone.
- These raw materials require large-scale extraction and transportation processes.
2. Character of Finished Product:
- The production process involves heavy machinery and equipment, including blast furnaces, rolling mills, and smelters.
- The finished products, such as steel bars, sheets, and rods, are heavy and require specialized handling and transportation.
3. Capital Intensive:
- The iron and steel industry requires significant investments in infrastructure, machinery, and technology.
- The production facilities are large-scale and complex.
4. Energy Intensive:
- The production process involves high energy consumption due to the need for heating, melting, and shaping the raw materials.
- The industry relies on the availability of a stable and continuous energy supply.
5. Employment and Economic Impact:
- The iron and steel industry creates a substantial number of jobs, both directly and indirectly, in mining, manufacturing, and related sectors.
- It contributes significantly to the national economy through export earnings, tax revenues, and foreign investments.
Therefore, due to the heavy nature of the raw materials and finished products, the capital and energy-intensive production process, and the significant economic impact, the iron and steel industry is classified as a heavy industry.

Answer:
Public Sector Steel Plants in India:
- Durgapur
- Vijaynagar
- Bhadravati
- Vishakhapatnam
Location of Public Sector Steel Plants:
- Durgapur: This steel plant is located in Durgapur, West Bengal. It is not near a port.
- Vijaynagar: This steel plant is located in Vijaynagar, Karnataka. It is not near a port.
- Bhadravati: This steel plant is located in Bhadravati, Karnataka. It is not near a port.
- Vishakhapatnam: This steel plant is located in Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. It is near a port.
Conclusion:
The public sector steel plant of India that is located near a port is Vishakhapatnam.

Correct Answer :- d

Explanation : Liberalisation help our country's steel industries as it bring up with new technologies and better method of production.

The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted for protection of plants and animal species. Before 1972, India only had five designated national parks.

Project Tiger is a tiger conservation programme launched in April 1973 by the Government of India during Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's tenure. The project aims at ensuring a viable population of Bengal tigers in their natural habitats, protecting them from extinction, and preserving areas of biological importance as a natural heritage forever represented as close as possible the diversity of ecosystems across the tiger's distribution in the country. 

The correct answer is Option C: Salinization of the Soil. Irrigation-induced changes in cropping patterns can lead to the salinization of the soil, impacting its fertility and posing ecological challenges.

State in India where both guls and kuls are used for irrigation is Himachal Pradesh. Guls and Kuls can be made in the Western Himalayas region of India. Guls and Kuls are kinds of diversions which are built for the purpose of water harvesting.

Region with Maximum Concentration of Iron and Steel Industries:

• Jharkhand: Jharkhand is known for its rich mineral resources, including iron ore, coal, and manganese. It is home to several iron and steel industries due to the availability of these resources.



• Chhota Nagpur Plateau: The Chhota Nagpur Plateau, located in eastern India, is a region known for its abundance of minerals, especially iron ore. This region has a high concentration of iron and steel industries due to the easy availability of raw materials.



• Rourkela: Rourkela, located in Odisha, is a major industrial city known for its steel plant. It is one of the important centers for iron and steel production in India.



• Bhilai: Bhilai, located in the state of Chhattisgarh, is another prominent center for iron and steel industries in India. It is home to the Bhilai Steel Plant, which is one of the largest steel plants in the country.

Conclusion:

• Among the given options, the region with the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries is the Chhota Nagpur Plateau.

Waterways are the cheapest mode of transport. Neither construction cost, nor maintenance cost is required for the waterways as they use the rivers, lakes, seas and oceans as highways. They are suited for the transport of bulky and heavy raw materials.

India's Trade Volume and Transportation Routes:

• India's trade volume: India is one of the largest trading nations in the world, with a significant volume of trade being conducted both domestically and internationally.


• Transportation routes: Various transportation routes are utilized to facilitate the movement of goods within and outside the country. The question asks about the transportation routes through which 95 percent of India's trade volume (68 percent in terms of value) is carried on.

Possible Transportation Routes:

• Roadways: Roadways are an important mode of transportation in India, with an extensive network of national and state highways connecting different parts of the country. However, it is not the primary route for the majority of India's trade volume.


• Railways: Railways play a crucial role in transporting goods across the country. India has one of the largest railway networks in the world, and it is an efficient mode of transportation for bulk goods. However, it is not the primary route for the majority of India's trade volume.


• Sea routes: India has a long coastline of approximately 7,500 kilometers, making sea routes a vital transportation mode for both domestic and international trade. Sea routes are used extensively for the movement of goods, especially for long distances. This is the correct answer as 95 percent of India's trade volume is carried on through sea routes.


• Inland waterways: Inland waterways, such as rivers and canals, are another mode of transportation in India. While they have the potential to be developed further, they are not currently the primary route for the majority of India's trade volume.

Therefore, the correct answer is C: Sea routes.

The Sunderbans National Park is a tiger and biosphere reserve located in the Sunderbans delta in the state of West Bengal (India). The Sunderbans is named after the Sundari trees which are found in bulk in this area. The park was established as a national park on 4th May 1984 as earlier it was created as wildlife sanctuary in 1977, designated as the core area of Sunderbans Tiger Reserve.

Periyar National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary (PNP) is a protected area near Thekkady in the districts of Idukki, Kottayam and Pathanamthitta in Kerala, India. It is notable as an elephant reserve and a tiger reserve. The protected area covers an area of 925 km² (357 sq mi). 305 km² (118 sq mi) of the core zone was declared as the Periyar National Park in 1982. The park is a repository of rare, endemic and endangered flora and fauna and forms the major watershed of two important rivers of Kerala, the Periyar and the Pamba.

Create curves in the steel by using a hammer and form or a mechanical roller machine if you have one. A roller machine clamps the metal between a hard metal form, usually a humped shape, and a heavy duty roller. Rolling the sheet back and forth by hand curves and thins the metal as you guide it into the shape you want.