History Mock Test- 3 - Class 9 MCQ

Special Surveillance and Security Force created by Hitler:
The special surveillance and security force created by Hitler was the combination of the Gestapo (secret state police) and the SS (the protection squads). This force played a crucial role in maintaining the Nazi regime's control and suppressing any opposition or dissent.
Key Points:
- The Gestapo, also known as the Geheime Staatspolizei, was established in 1933 and was responsible for identifying and eliminating political opponents of the Nazi regime.
- The SS, or Schutzstaffel, initially created as Hitler's personal bodyguards, grew into a powerful organization that encompassed various branches, including the SS-Totenkopfverbände (concentration camp guards) and the SS-Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Main Security Office).
- The Gestapo and the SS worked closely together to carry out surveillance, intelligence gathering, and repression activities.
- The Gestapo operated as a secret police force, using informants, wiretapping, and other methods to monitor and control the population.
- The SS had a dual role, serving as both a paramilitary organization and an intelligence agency. They were responsible for maintaining security within Nazi Germany and overseeing the concentration and extermination camps.
- Together, the Gestapo and the SS formed a formidable force that instilled fear and ensured compliance with Nazi policies.
Summary:
The special surveillance and security force created by Hitler consisted of the Gestapo and the SS. These organizations worked together to carry out surveillance, intelligence gathering, and repression activities, playing a significant role in maintaining the Nazi regime's control.

D is the correct option.Hitler was very ambitious. He wanted to achieve his long-term aim of conquering Eastern Europe. For achieving this aim he attacked the Soviet Union in June 1941. This step of Hitler proved to be a historic blunder. By this step, He exposed the German western front to British aerial bombing and the eastern front to the Soviet Union. The Soviet Red Army hounded out the retreating German soldiers until they reached at the heart of Berlin. This incident established Soviet hegemony over the entire Eastern Europe for half a century thereafter.

Hitler's World View and Nazi Ideology
Answer: D. All of the above
Explanation:

Hitler's world view, which also formed the basis of Nazi ideology, was characterized by several key beliefs and principles. These included:

• There was no equality between people, only a racial hierarchy: Hitler rejected the idea of equality among individuals and instead promoted the notion of a racial hierarchy, where certain races were considered superior to others.



• The blond, blue-eyed, Nordic German Aryans were at the top and Jews at the bottom: Hitler believed that the Aryan race, specifically the Nordic Germans with specific physical characteristics such as blond hair and blue eyes, were the superior race. Jews, on the other hand, were considered the lowest and were seen as the arch enemies of the Aryans.



• The colored people were placed in between: In Hitler's racial hierarchy, people of other races were placed in between the Aryans and Jews. These included individuals of different ethnicities and nationalities, whom Hitler considered to be inferior to the Aryans but superior to Jews.

Therefore, the correct answer is D. All of the above, as all these beliefs were part of Hitler's world view and Nazi ideology.

Tax levied by the colonial government on the Pastoralists was known as grazing tax. The pastoralists had to pay tax on every animal they grazed on the pastures.

People would pay a small fee called devsari, daud or mand in exchange of the wood taken from the forest of another village.

Similarities between lives of Gujjar Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir and Gaddi shepherds of Himachal Pradesh:

• Seasonal Movement: Both communities follow a similar cycle of seasonal movement. They migrate with their herds between different grazing grounds based on the changing weather and availability of resources.


• Winter Grazing: During winters, both Gujjar Bakarwals and Gaddi shepherds prefer to stay in the low hills of the Siwalik range. They graze their herds in dry scrub forests, which provide them with sufficient forage during this period.


• Summer Grazing: In April, both communities begin their upward journey towards their summer grazing grounds. These grazing grounds are located in the higher altitudes of the Himalayas, where the weather is more suitable and the availability of fresh grass is abundant.

Conclusion:
Both Gujjar Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir and Gaddi shepherds of Himachal Pradesh share similarities in their way of life. They both engage in seasonal migration, spending winters in low hills and moving to higher altitudes for summer grazing. This lifestyle allows them to ensure the well-being of their herds and sustain their livelihoods in the challenging terrain of the Himalayas.

The British wanted to transform all grazing lands into cultivated farms and thus increase its land revenue. Also at the same time more agriculture produce like jute, cotton and what would be available which was urgently needed in England. Colonial official believed that all uncultivated land was ‘waste land’ that needed to be brought under cultivation .Therefore; Waste Rules were in the mid-nineteenth century.

Explanation:

• Meaning of Maasai: The word Maasai comes from the Maa language and means 'My People', reflecting the strong sense of community and identity among the tribe.


• Nomadic and Pastoral Lifestyle: The Maasai are known for their nomadic and pastoral way of life, moving with their herds of cattle to find fresh grazing land. They rely on milk and meat as their main sources of subsistence.


• Harsh Environment: The Maasai live in a region characterized by high temperatures, low rainfall, and frequent droughts. Their land is dry, dusty, and extremely hot, making it challenging to sustain their livelihoods.

By understanding the meaning of the Maasai name, their lifestyle, and the environmental challenges they face, we can appreciate the unique cultural and ecological aspects of this tribe.

The Second International (1889–1916), the original Socialist International, was an organization of socialist and labour parties formed in Paris on 14 July 1889. At the Paris meeting, delegations from twenty countries participated.The International continued the work of the dissolved First International, though excluding the still-powerful anarcho-syndicalist movement and unions and by 1922 April 2 at a major post-World War I conference it began to reorganize into the Labor and Socialist International.

The correct option is D.
The French Revolution opened up the possibility of creating a dramatic change in the way in which society was structured.
(ii) Before the 18th century society was broadly divided into estates  and orders and it was the aristocracy and church which controlled  economic and social power.
(iii) Suddenly, after the revolution, it seemed possible to change this. In many parts of the world including Europe and Asia, new ideas  about individual rights and who controlled social power began to  be discussed.
(iv) In India, Raja Rammohan Roy and Derozio talked of the significance of the French Revolution and many others debated the ideas of post-revolutionary Europe.
(v) The developments in the colonies, in turn, reshaped these ideas of societal change.
 

Darjeeling had been the first location in Colonial Bengal to have been penetrated by the tea plantation on a large scale since the mid of the nineteenth century. In the initial years, the growth was simply phenomenal in the wake of large colonial capital investment.

Some privileges enjoyed by the clergy and nobility are: 
1. They are not liable to pay taxes to the government. 
2. Third estate or the peasants provide services to them.
3. They collect tax and levies from the third estate parties that is, the peasants for tithes. 

Napolean Bonaparte rose to power as a military dictator in culmination of the political instability of directory caused by the clashes among the Directors and the legislative councils who sought to dismiss them.

Explanation:

• Maasai Mara: Maasai Mara is a famous national reserve located in Kenya, but it was not created over 14760 km of Maasai grazing land.


• Samburu National Park: Samburu National Park is another popular park in Kenya, but it was not created over 14760 km of Maasai grazing land.


• Serengeti Park: Serengeti Park was created over 14760 km of Maasai grazing land. It is located in Tanzania and is known for its vast plains and abundant wildlife.


• None of the above: This option is incorrect as the correct answer is Serengeti Park.

Therefore, the correct answer is Serengeti Park, as it was created over 14760 km of Maasai grazing land.

• The idea of the "estates" is important to the social structure of the Middle Ages. Feudal society was traditionally divided into three "estates" (roughly equivalent to social classes).
• The "First Estate" was the Church (clergy = those who prayed). The "Second Estate" was the Nobility (those who fought = knights)

Germany's Opponents in World War I (1914-1918)

• England: Germany fought against England during World War I.


• France: Germany fought against France during World War I.


• Russia: Germany fought against Russia during World War I.

Conclusion

Germany fought against England, France, and Russia during World War I (1914-1918).

The Spartacist League was a political party that opposed the Weimer Republic in Germany. They were in favour of a Soviet-style governance. However, they could not achieve the success as they were opposed by the Socialists, Democrats, Catholics and  severely crushed by the Free Corps. 

Analysis:
To determine the percentage of India's land mass under cultivation in 1600 AD, we need to consider the available historical data and estimates from that time period.
Historical Context:
During the 17th century, India was primarily an agrarian society where agriculture was the main occupation and source of livelihood for the majority of the population. However, it is important to note that land use and cultivation practices varied across different regions of the country.
Estimation:
While there is no exact data available for the specific percentage of land under cultivation in 1600 AD, we can make an estimation based on the historical context and general trends of that time period.
- During the 17th century, India's population was estimated to be around 100 million.
- The agricultural sector was the backbone of the Indian economy, providing sustenance to the growing population.
- Considering the high dependence on agriculture, it is reasonable to assume that a significant portion of India's land mass was under cultivation.
- However, it is unlikely that the entire land mass was under cultivation, as there were also forests, rivers, and other non-agricultural areas.
- Based on historical accounts and estimations, it is reasonable to assume that around 1/6th (or 16.67%) of India's land mass was under cultivation in 1600 AD.
Conclusion:
Based on the available historical context and estimations, it can be concluded that approximately 1/6th (or 16.67%) of India's land mass was under cultivation in 1600 AD.

European states usually discriminated in favour of one religion or another. Britain favoured the Church of England, Austria and Spain favoured the Catholic Church. Liberals opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers. They wanted to safeguard the rights of individuals against governments and argued for a representative, elected parliamentary government, a well-trained judiciary that was independent of rulers and officials. They were not democrats and did not believe in the universal adult franchise. They felt that the men of property mainly should have the vote and did not want the vote for women.

Liberals were not democratic because they didn't supported universal adult franchise i.e., the right to vote.

According to them only those should have right those who have property and are from well off family.

Also they didn't wanted that women should get right to vote.

And therefore their decision were not democratic.

The seasonal movement of pastoralists in the hills like gaddis moved from lahaul spiti to other places Cold and snow.

Bugyals are alpine pasture lands, or meadows, in higher elevation range between 3,300 metres (10,800 ft) and 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) of the Himalayas in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, where they are called "nature's own gardens"

Answer:

Dhangars are pastoralists of Maharashtra.

Below are some key points explaining the pastoralist community of Dhangars:

• Dhangars are a community of pastoralists who primarily reside in the state of Maharashtra, India.


• Their traditional occupation revolves around rearing and herding livestock, including sheep, goats, and cattle.


• Dhangars are known for their expertise in animal husbandry and have a deep understanding of livestock management.


• They migrate seasonally in search of grazing lands and water sources for their livestock.


• Their migration patterns are influenced by the availability of resources and climatic conditions.


• Dhangars play a crucial role in the economy of Maharashtra as they provide dairy products, wool, and meat to the local population.


• They have a distinct cultural identity and follow their customs and traditions.


• The Dhangar community has been demanding recognition as a Scheduled Tribe to avail various government welfare schemes and benefits.


• Efforts have been made to improve the socio-economic conditions of the Dhangars, such as providing better healthcare, education, and skill development opportunities.

Therefore, Dhangars are pastoralists primarily found in Maharashtra.

The nobles and the clergy were largely excluded from taxation while the commoners paid disproportionately high direct taxes.

 The colonial rulers considered forests as unproductive because:

1. They considered cultivated lands as sign of progress and not nature in its natural self.
2. Forests were considered to be wilderness which was of no use to humans. They preferred scientific forestry instead.
3. The colonials thought that this wilderness had to be brought under cultivation to yield agricultural products and revenue, and enhance the income of the state.
4. They thought that the use of forests by local people and the reckless felling of trees by traders would destroy forests.
5. The colonial rulers basically wanted to use the Indian lands/forests for the following needs;
   1. Commercial agricultural crops suited for European needs.
   2. Plantation crops.
   3. Needed forests in order to build ships and railways.

 

Shifting cultivation is an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned and allowed to revert to their natural vegetation while the cultivator moves on to another plot.

Explanation:

• Situation: Surontiko Samin of Randublatung village began questioning state ownership of the forest around 1890.


• Evaluation: This statement is true as it accurately describes the actions taken by Surontiko Samin in the given time period.


• Historical Context: During the late 19th century, there were movements and individuals questioning the state's control over natural resources, including forests, in various parts of the world.


• Significance: Surontiko Samin's actions reflected a growing awareness and resistance against colonial and state control over forests and land, highlighting the struggles of local communities for autonomy and rights over their resources.

Imperial Forest Institute Establishment

• Location: The Imperial Forest Institute was established in 1906 in Dehradun.


• Significance: The institute was set up to provide training and research facilities in the field of forestry.


• Role: It played a crucial role in the development of forestry education and research in India.


• Legacy: The institute later evolved into the Forest Research Institute (FRI), which continues to be a leading institution in the field of forestry in India.

(i) Foresters and villagers had very different ideas of what a good forest should look like.Villagers wanted forests with a mixture of species to satisfy different needs — fuel, fodder, leaves. The forest department wanted trees which were suitable for building ships or railways.
(ii) They needed trees that could provide hard wood and were tall and straight. So particular species like teak and sal were promoted and others were cut. The new forest laws meant severe hardship for villagers across the country.

Both liberals and radicals firmly believed in value of individual effort, labour and enterprise. They were in favour of privileges based on merit not birth.

The liberals were in favour of safeguarding the rights of individuals against governments and hence opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers,they also argued for a representative, elected parliamentary government, whereas radicals opposed the privileges of great landowners and wealthy factory owners and disliked the concentration of power in the hands of few but were not against the existence of private property. So, Both liberals and radicals become revolutionaries in France, Italy, Russia etc as wanted to overthrow the existing monarchs.