Important Questions : Poverty As A Challenge - Class 9 MCQ

During the colonial period, the small cotton and textile industry suffered the most

B is the correct option.Unequal distribution of land,Lack of fertile land and Increase in population are the major causes of income inequality in India. 

Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana (PMRY): It is a scheme started in 1993. The aim of the programme is to create self-employment opportunities for educated unemployed youth in rural areas and small towns. They are helped in setting up small businesses and industries.

Explanation:

• Rural agricultural labour households: Although they may face poverty due to seasonal fluctuations in income, they have access to land and other resources which can act as a safety net.


• Urban casual labour households: They may face poverty due to lack of job security and low wages, but they have access to urban amenities and opportunities for better income.


• Scheduled caste and scheduled tribe households: These social groups often face discrimination and lack of access to education, healthcare, and job opportunities, making them vulnerable to poverty.


• The female daily wagers: Women often face gender discrimination in wages and opportunities, leading to lower income levels and increased vulnerability to poverty.

Amongst the given options, Scheduled caste and scheduled tribe households are most vulnerable to poverty due to historical and systemic factors that limit their access to resources and opportunities for socio-economic development.

Accepted Average Calories Required in India in Urban Areas
- The accepted average calories required in India in urban areas is 2100 calories per day.
- This average is recommended by various health organizations and experts for maintaining a healthy and balanced diet.
- It is important to note that the calorie requirement may vary depending on factors such as age, gender, physical activity level, and overall health condition.
- The 2100 calorie estimate is an average value and individuals should consult with a healthcare professional or nutritionist for personalized recommendations.
- It is also worth mentioning that the calorie requirement may differ in rural areas or for individuals engaged in physically demanding occupations.
- It is important to consume a variety of nutrient-rich foods to meet the daily calorie requirement and ensure proper nutrition.
- The calorie intake should include a balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, along with an adequate intake of vitamins and minerals.
- It is recommended to focus on whole grains, lean proteins, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats while limiting the consumption of processed foods, sugary beverages, and excessive amounts of saturated fats and added sugars.
- Regular physical activity is also essential for maintaining a healthy weight and overall well-being.
- It is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional or nutritionist for personalized guidance on calorie requirements and dietary recommendations.

Acc. to 2011-12, Bihar and Odisha continue to be the two poorest states with poverty ratios of 33.7 and 32.6 per cent respectively. Along with rural poverty, urban poverty is also high in Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.

Urban casual labor, rural agricultural households, and Scheduled Castes all face challenges such as job insecurity, limited resources, and systemic discrimination, making them vulnerable to poverty.

Social Indicators of Poverty
Introduction:
Social indicators of poverty are measures used by social scientists to assess the level of poverty in a society. These indicators help to identify the various dimensions and manifestations of poverty. One such indicator is the illiteracy level.
Illiteracy Level:
- Illiteracy is a social indicator of poverty as it reflects the lack of access to education and knowledge.
- High illiteracy rates are often associated with poverty as it limits individuals' opportunities for employment and social mobility.
- Illiteracy hinders people from acquiring crucial skills and knowledge necessary for economic development and social participation.
Other Social Indicators:
While the question specifically asks for one social indicator, it is worth mentioning a few other common social indicators of poverty:
- Income inequality: The unequal distribution of wealth and income within a society is a significant indicator of poverty.
- Unemployment rate: High levels of unemployment are often linked to poverty and economic hardship.
- Access to basic services: Limited access to healthcare, clean water, sanitation, and housing are indicators of poverty.
- Social exclusion: Marginalized groups, such as those based on caste, ethnicity, or gender, often face higher rates of poverty and discrimination.
Conclusion:
Social indicators of poverty help to identify the extent and nature of poverty in a society. Illiteracy level is one such indicator, reflecting the lack of educational opportunities and limiting individuals' prospects for economic and social advancement. Other indicators, such as income inequality, unemployment rate, and access to basic services, also contribute to understanding poverty in a comprehensive manner.

In Sub - Saharan Africa the poverty actually rose from 1981 - 2001.

In India, approximately every fifth person is considered poor.

 for making comparisons between developing countries, many international organisations like the World Bank use a uniform standard for the poverty line: minimum availability of the equivalent of $1.90 per person per day

AAY was launched in December 2000. Under the scheme 1 crore of the poorest among the BPL families covered under the targeted public distribution system are identified. Twenty five kilograms (kg) of food grains were made available to each eligible family at a highly subsidized rate of Rs. 2 per kg for wheat and Rs.3 per kg for rice. This quantity has been enhanced from 25 to 35 kgs with effect from April, 2002.

The correct answer is Kerala.

• Kerala has the lowest poverty rate among Indian states.
• Known for its high literacy rates and good healthcare, Kerala has effective social welfare programmes.
• These factors contribute to reducing poverty significantly.

The correct option is A.
The sixth position in the list of the poorest states in India is grabbed by Odisha.
32.59% people are living below the poverty line.
Bihar is the fifth poorest state in India. 
The poverty level in this state is around 33.74%.

Calorie requirement per person per day is different in rural and urban areas. People in rural areas require more calories because they do more physical work. Main occupation of the people in rural areas is farming which requires strenous physical activity. Women in villages also require more calories because they do all house hold work without the help of any gadgets or  electronic equipments.

1000 per person per month respectively. It is higher in urban areas because of high prices of many essential commodities in urban areas. The accepted average of calories requirement in India is 2400 calories per person per day in rural areas and 2100 calories in urban areas.

Calories requirements in rural areas are considered to be higher than in urban areas due to several factors:

• Physical Activity: People in rural areas typically engage in more physical work, which increases their calorie needs.
• Caloric Needs: The average calorie requirement is 2400 calories per person per day in rural areas, compared to 2100 calories in urban areas.
• Food Expenditure: The monetary expenditure required for food is adjusted periodically to reflect price changes, ensuring that calorie needs are met.
• Poverty Line: For 2011-12, the poverty line was set at Rs 816 per month for rural areas and Rs 1000 for urban areas, highlighting the differences in living costs.

Overall, the higher calorie requirements in rural areas are primarily due to the greater physical demands placed on individuals living in these regions.

The World Bank defines poverty in absolute terms. The bank defines extreme poverty as living on less than US$1.90 per day. (PPP), and moderate poverty as less than $3.10 a day. It has been estimated that in 2008, 1.4 billion people had consumption levels below US$1.25 a day and 2.7 billion lived on less than $2 a day.

The statement means that most of poor in the world are from India. Poverty in India is high mainly because of increasing rate of population. Though poverty has been reduced during the past four decades, yet  it remains painfully high. Nearly 27 crore people live under poverty in India and this figure indicates that  India  has the largest single concentration of the poor in the world.

A is the correct option.More than a quarter of the population living in rural areas of India is below the poverty line. Out of the total population living in the rural parts of 35 states and UTs of India, 25.7 per cent of them is living below the poverty line, according to RBI.