Laxmikanth Test : Fundamental Rights- 2 - UPSC

The correct answer is the Right to freedom of speech and expression.

• Article 19 of the Indian Constitution includes the Right to freedom of speech and expression.

Key Points
Article 19 deals with the six Fundamental Rights. They are:

• Right to freedom of speech and expression.
• Right to assemble peacefully and without arms.
• Right to form association or unions or co-operatives.
• Right to move freely throughout the territory of India.
• Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India.
• Right to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.

Fundamental Rights:

• The Fundamental Rights have been described in Articles 12-35, Part III of the Indian Constitution.
• The Right to Property (Article 31) was deleted from the list of Fundamental Rights.
• By the 44th Amendment Act, 1978, it is made a normal constitutional right under Act 300A in Part XII of the Constitution

The Right to Equality provides:

• For the equal treatment of everyone before the law
• Prevent discrimination on various grounds
• Treats everybody as equals in matters of public employment  
• Abolish untouchability and titles

The article mentioned under the right to equality

The Right to Equality is mentioned from Articles 14 to18.

• Article 14: The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India, on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
• Article 15: The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
• Article 16: There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
• Article 17: Abolition of untouchability.
• Article 18: Abolition of all titles except military and academic.

• By the 42nd Amendment to the Constitution, enacted in 1976, basic duties to people were also enumerated for Indian residents.
• In the Constitution, Article 51 'A' found in Part IV A deals with basic duties.
• Fundamental Duties are derived from Russia's Constitution.
• Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy, and Fundamental Duties are parts of the Indian Constitution that lay down the fundamental obligations of States with regard to their people and the obligations and rights of citizens with regard to the State.
• Such portions form a constitutional bill of rights for the making of government policies and citizens' behavior and actions.
• These parts are considered essential elements of the constitution established by the Constituent Assembly of India between 1947 and 1949.

• In the Indian Constitution, as per Fundamental Rights, Abolition of Untouchability is a Right to Equality.
• According to the Right to Equality, all citizens are equal before the law and any discrimination on the basis of race, religion, gender, and caste or birthplace is prohibited.
• Right to Equality is described under Article 14-18 of the Constitution.
• Abolition of untouchability is provided in Article 17.

• The Legislation on the right of children to free and compulsory education or the Law on the right to education (RTE) is an Act of the Parliament of India promulgated on 4 August 2009, which sets out the modalities of the value of free and compulsory education for children between 6 and 14 years of age in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution.
• India is one of 135 countries to make education a basic right for every child when the Act came into effect on 1st April 2010.
• The Act allows education a constitutional right of any child between the ages of 6 and 14 and establishes minimum requirements in elementary schools.
  • The RTE Act requires assessments to track all communities, recognize children needing education, and set up facilities to provide education.

The correct answer is New Zealand.

• New Zealand was at the forefront of women's suffrage, and it became the first self-governing country to grant women the right to vote in national elections in 1893. This historic achievement paved the way for women's suffrage movements worldwide.

To provide further clarification:

• Australia granted women the right to vote at the federal level in 1902.
• France granted women the right to vote in 1944.
• The United States ratified the 19th Amendment in 1920, granting women the right to vote nationwide.
• The United Kingdom granted women over the age of 30 the right to vote in 1918, and it was extended to all women over 21 in 1928.

• Right to equality mentioned under Article 14-18 of the Indian Constitution.
• Article 15 relates to the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
• Article 16 guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
• Article 17 abolishes untouchability. Hence Option 4 is Correct.
• Article 18 abolishes the title.

The correct answer is Article 24.

• Article 24 of the Indian Constitution is one of the fundamental rights and it prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in any factory, mine, or other hazardous activities like construction work or railway.
• But it should be noted that it does not prohibit their employment in any harmless or innocent work.

• The 86th amendment to the constitution of India in 2002 provided
  • Right to Education as a Fundamental right in part -III of the constitution.
  • This amendment inserted Article -21A which made the right to education a fundamental right for children between ages 6-14 years.