NTSE Test: Nationalism In India - UPSC MCQ

The Swaraj Party was established as the Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party. It was a political party formed in India in January 1923 after the Gaya annual conference in December 1922 of the National Congress, that sought greater self-government and political freedom for the Indian people from the British Raj.

It was inspired by the concept of Swaraj. In Hindi and many other languages of India, swaraj means "independence" or "self-rule." The two most important leaders were Chittaranjan Das, who was its president and Motilal Nehru, who was its secretary.

The first image of Bharat Mata was created as a watercolor painting by Abanindranath Tagore in 1905.

The Indians opposed the Rowlatt Act because according to this Act, the British government could imprison any person without a trial and search any place without a warrant. 
This Act was strongly opposed by the Indians.

Khalifa or Khalifah is a name or title which means "successor", "deputy" or "steward". It most commonly refers to the leader of a Caliphate, but is also used as a title among various Islamic religious groups and orders. Khalifa is sometimes also pronounced as "kalifa".

The militant Guerrilla Movement was launched by the tribal peasants of Gudem Hills in Andhra Pradesh.

The militant guerrilla movement was led by Alluri Sitaram Raju, the follower of Mahatma Gandhi. The colonial government had closed large forest areas to prevent people from entering the forest to graze their cattle, to collect firewood and fruits which enraged the hill people. The hill people revolted when the government forced them to contribute. The Gudem rebels attacked police stations, attempted to kill British officials and carried on guerrilla warfare for achieving Swaraj.

Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule is a book written by Mohandas K. Gandhi in 1909. In it he expresses his views on Swaraj, modern civilization, mechanisation etc.

Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission.

The emergence of modern nationalism in India was deeply rooted in the anti-colonial movement. Here’s why:

Anti-Colonial Movement:

1. Common Struggle: The anti-colonial movement united people from diverse backgrounds across India in a common struggle against British rule. This shared experience of oppression and exploitation under colonialism fostered a sense of unity and collective identity among Indians, which is a key aspect of nationalism.

2. Awareness and Mobilization: The movement helped spread awareness about the injustices of British rule. Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Jawaharlal Nehru mobilized masses through various movements such as the Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, and Quit India Movement, which further intensified nationalistic sentiments.

3. Creation of a National Identity: The anti-colonial struggle led to the creation of symbols, ideas, and icons that represented the aspirations of the Indian people. However, these elements (symbols, ideas, icons) were effective primarily because they were tied to the larger anti-colonial struggle. The movement gave these elements significance by connecting them to the broader goal of independence.

4. Cultural and Political Awakening: The anti-colonial movement also led to a cultural and political awakening, where people started to recognize themselves as part of a larger Indian nation rather than just members of distinct religious, regional, or linguistic groups.

While new symbols, ideas, and icons played important roles, they were primarily vehicles of expression and unification within the broader context of the anti-colonial movement. It was this movement that was the driving force behind the rise of nationalism in India, making it the prime factor.

January 9, 1915, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi returned to India from South Africa after twenty years

M K. Gandhi introduced a new weapon in the Indians' campaign for justice. That weapon, satyagraha, was the culmination of a profound development in Gandhi himself.

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was a Bengali, writer, poet and journalist who composed our National Song 'Vande Mataram' during India's freedom struggle

This act was firmly opposed by the Indian people because this act gave unjust right to Police to detain any person without listening to his/her favor. Indian Leaders thought that this act can cause a big blunder in the country and hence the opposition.

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as theAmritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919 when troops of the British Indian Army under the command of Colonel Reginald Dyer fired rifles into a crowd of Punjabis, who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab.

Passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in February 1919, the Rowlatt Act enabled British government to jail anyone suspected of plotting to overthrow them for as long as two years without trial and also to try them summarily without any jury.

Baba ramchandra was a indentureed labour in Fiji during colonial period and he started peasant movement in Awadh.

After over 21 years stay in South Africa, Gandhi returned to India on January 9, 1915 with his wife Kasturba. 

Rowlatt Acts, (February 1919), legislation passed by the Imperial Legislative Council, the legislature of British India. The acts allowed certain political cases to be tried without juries and permitted internment of suspects without trial.

Mahatma Gandhi, in his famous book Hind Swaraj ( 1909), declared that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians and had survived only because of this cooperation. If Indians had refused to co-operate, British rule in India would have collapsed within one year.

Baba Ramchandra was the main leader of Peasant movement in Awadh during the Non-Cooperation Movement

Our  constitution  prohibits  forced  labour  or  begar  in  any  form.  It  is  a  practice  where  the  worker  is  forced  to  render  services  to  the  merchant  free  of   cost  or  in  exchange  of  nominal  amount.

After hearing about the Non-Cooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied the authorities,left the plantation and started moving towards their homes.

The Simon Commission was opposed primarily because it did not have any Indian representation in the assemblage. The government of Britain had appointed this Commission in 1927. The goal of the Simon Commission was to give an account of how the Indian constitution was working.

The Satyagraha Ashram was founded on May 25, 1915, in Ahmedabad at Kochrab, when Gandhi returned from South Africa, with 25 inmates. The Ashram was shifted on the bank of river Sabarmati in July 1917

At the Calcutta session of the Congress in September 1920, he convinced other leaders of the need to start a non-cooperation movement in support of Khilafat as well as for Swaraj.

At Nagpur in December 1920, a compromise was worked out and the Non-Cooperation programme was adopted by congress.

Dr. BR Ambedkar after joining politics in 1930 organised an association namely the Depressed Classes Association for uplifting the dalits. He also signed the poona pact to ensure that the upliftment occurs at a faster rate.

In the swadeshi movement many national leaders along with Mahatma Gandhi Bankim Chandra chattopadhay wanted to create a nationality among the citizens 
for creating nationality many things were presented before the citizens as 
(i) many folk songs were composed
(ii) along with the female figures were portrayed it symbolises nationality
(iii) anandmath with the national song
(iv) revolutionary tricolour and many more things were created to present nationality

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was a Bengali, writer, poet, and journalist who composed our National Song 'Vande Mataram' during India's freedom struggle

The leadership of the Muslim League was taken over by, Sir Muhammad Iqbal, who in 1930 first put forward the demand for a separate Muslim state in India.