Olympiad Test: Crop Production And Management - 2 - Class 8 MCQ

Kharif crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June. 

Answer:
Introduction:
In India, different types of crops are grown in different seasons. The crops grown in the summer season have specific characteristics and requirements. Let's explore the types of crops that are grown in India during the summer season.
Types of crops grown in India during the summer season:
1. Kharif crops:
- Kharif crops are sown during the monsoon season and harvested in the summer season.
- These crops require high rainfall and warm weather.
- Some examples of Kharif crops grown in India are rice, maize, millets, sorghum, cotton, soybean, pigeon pea, and groundnut.
- Kharif crops are mainly rain-fed and depend on monsoon rainfall for their growth.
2. Rabi crops:
- Rabi crops are sown in the winter season and harvested in the summer season.
- These crops require moderate temperature and less rainfall compared to Kharif crops.
- Some examples of Rabi crops grown in India are wheat, barley, gram, mustard, oats, peas, and linseed.
- Rabi crops are mainly irrigated and do not depend on monsoon rainfall for their growth.
3. Zaid crops:
- There is no specific term called "Zayed crops" related to the crops grown in India during the summer season.
- It seems like an incorrect option in the given choices.
Conclusion:
The crops that are grown in India during the summer season are known as Kharif crops and Rabi crops. Kharif crops are sown during the monsoon season and harvested in the summer, while Rabi crops are sown in the winter season and harvested in the summer. Zaid crops grown in India during the summer season.

Grouping the given options:

• Weed


• Insect


• Urea


• Fungus

Explanation:

• Weed: Weeds are unwanted plants that grow in gardens or agricultural fields. They do not belong to the group of insects, urea, or fungus.


• Insect: Insects are a group of small animals characterized by having six legs and typically one or two pairs of wings. They belong to the group of living organisms, along with urea and fungus.


• Urea: Urea is a nitrogenous compound that is commonly used as a fertilizer in agriculture. It belongs to the group of chemical compounds and can be used to promote plant growth.


• Fungus: Fungi are a group of organisms that include mushrooms, molds, and yeasts. They do not belong to the group of insects or urea, but they are living organisms.

Conclusion:

Based on the above explanation, it can be concluded that Urea does not belong to the given group as it is a chemical compound used as a fertilizer, whereas the other options (weed, insect, and fungus) are living organisms.

Wilt is caused by bacterium. The bacterium grows in the xylem tissue of plants and blocks it. Thus, the xylem tissue becomes unable to transport water upwards and the plant wilts, eventually dying up.

(b) combine

Combine is a farm machine that is used for harvesting and threshing.

 

Ploughing and its effects on the soil:
Loosening the soil:
- Ploughing is a process that involves breaking up and turning over the soil.
- This action helps to loosen the soil, making it easier to work with and prepare for planting.
Preventing soil erosion:
- Ploughing can help prevent soil erosion by creating furrows or ridges in the soil.
- These furrows act as barriers, reducing the flow of water and preventing it from washing away the topsoil.
Aerating the soil:
- Ploughing helps to aerate the soil by breaking it up and creating channels for air to reach the roots of plants.
- This improves soil structure and allows for better circulation of air, water, and nutrients.
Allowing easy penetration of roots:
- Ploughing creates a loose and friable soil texture that allows roots to penetrate easily.
- This enables plants to establish a strong root system, access water and nutrients, and grow effectively.
Not preventing soil erosion:
- While ploughing can help reduce soil erosion by creating furrows or ridges, it is not a foolproof method.
- Factors such as slope, rainfall intensity, and soil type can still contribute to erosion despite ploughing.
In conclusion, ploughing has several benefits for soil preparation and plant growth. It loosens the soil, aerates it, and allows for easy root penetration. While it can help reduce soil erosion, it is not a guaranteed solution and other factors need to be considered as well. Therefore, the statement that ploughing prevents soil erosion is not true.

Separation of healthy seeds of wheat from unhealthy seeds can be done by:

1. Water method:

- Soak the mixed seeds in water.
- The healthy seeds will sink to the bottom, while the unhealthy seeds will float on the surface.
- Skim off the floating seeds to separate the unhealthy ones from the healthy ones.

2. Threshing method:

- Threshing is the process of separating grains from the chaff or husks.
- In this method, the mixed seeds are beaten or pounded to remove the husks.
- The healthy seeds will remain intact, while the unhealthy ones may break or get damaged during the threshing process.

3. Winnowing method:

- Winnowing involves the separation of grains from lighter materials like chaff, dust, or straw.
- The mixed seeds are tossed into the air using a winnowing basket or a shallow tray.
- The wind or a gentle breeze helps in carrying away the lighter materials, while the healthy seeds fall back into the tray, allowing for their separation from the unhealthy seeds.
By using these methods, the healthy seeds of wheat can be effectively separated from the unhealthy ones, ensuring the quality of the harvested seeds for further use.

When seeds of wheat are put in water, the healthy seeds will:
There are two possible outcomes when seeds of wheat are put in water: the healthy seeds will either sink to the bottom or float on the top. Let's discuss both possibilities in detail:
1. The healthy seeds will sink to the bottom:
- This is the most common outcome when seeds of wheat are placed in water.
- Healthy seeds have a higher density and weight compared to damaged or hollow seeds.
- Due to their higher density, healthy seeds will sink to the bottom of the water container.
- This indicates that the seeds have a good chance of germinating and growing into healthy plants.
2. The healthy seeds will float on the top:
- Although less common, there are instances where healthy wheat seeds may float on the top of the water.
- This can happen if the seeds have a high moisture content or if they are coated with a waxy substance.
- In such cases, the buoyancy of the seeds allows them to float rather than sink.
- However, it is important to note that this is not the typical behavior of healthy wheat seeds.
Conclusion:
In most cases, healthy seeds of wheat will sink to the bottom when placed in water. This sinking behavior is an indication of their higher density and weight. However, there may be rare instances where healthy seeds float on the top due to specific conditions.

To determine which crops are not grown by sowing their seeds directly into the soil in large fields, we need to analyze each option.
A. Peas:
- Peas are commonly grown by directly sowing their seeds into the soil in large fields. Therefore, peas are not the correct answer.
B. Tomatoes:
- Tomatoes are typically grown by transplanting seedlings into the soil rather than sowing seeds directly. This involves starting the tomato seeds indoors and then moving the seedlings to the field once they have grown. Therefore, tomatoes can be a correct answer.
C. Chillies:
- Chillies can be grown by sowing their seeds directly into the soil, similar to peas. Therefore, chillies are not the correct answer.
D. Maize:
- Maize, also known as corn, is typically grown by sowing its seeds directly into the soil in large fields. Therefore, maize is not the correct answer.
Based on the analysis, the correct answer is (B) Tomatoes.

The unwanted plants that grow along with the main crop in the field are called weeds.
Weeds are plants that are considered undesirable because they compete with the main crop for resources such as sunlight, water, and nutrients. They can negatively impact crop yield and quality if not managed properly. Here are some key points to understand about weeds:
- Definition: Weeds are any plants that grow where they are not wanted. They can be native or introduced species and can vary widely in their characteristics and growth habits.
- Competition: Weeds compete with the main crop for resources such as water, nutrients, and light. They can significantly reduce crop yield and quality by stealing resources that are necessary for the crop's growth and development.
- Identification: Weeds can be identified based on their appearance, growth habit, and location. They often have rapid growth rates, produce large amounts of seeds, and can spread quickly if not controlled.
- Control Methods: There are several methods used to control weeds in agricultural fields, including:
- Mechanical control: This involves physically removing weeds through methods such as hand-pulling, hoeing, or tilling. It can be labor-intensive but is effective for small-scale farming.
- Chemical control: Herbicides or weed killers are commonly used to control weeds. These chemicals are applied directly to the weeds or the field to kill or suppress their growth. Care must be taken to follow proper application guidelines and safety precautions.
- Cultural control: This involves using cultural practices such as crop rotation, proper planting density, and timely cultivation to suppress weed growth and promote the growth of the main crop.
- Importance: Effective weed management is crucial for maintaining the productivity and profitability of agricultural fields. It helps reduce yield losses and ensures the desired crop receives the necessary resources for optimal growth.
In summary, weeds are unwanted plants that grow along with the main crop in the field. They can negatively impact crop yield and quality by competing for resources. Proper weed identification and control methods are essential for maintaining the productivity of agricultural fields.

Compost lacks which of the following nutrients?
Answer: D. All of these
Compost is a valuable organic material that is rich in nutrients, but it may lack certain nutrients that are essential for plant growth. The following nutrients may be lacking in compost:
1. Nitrogen: Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth and is responsible for leafy green growth. Compost may lack sufficient nitrogen if the organic materials used in the composting process are high in carbon and low in nitrogen. This can result in compost with a high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, which can slow down the decomposition process and limit the availability of nitrogen for plants.
2. Phosphorus: Phosphorus is crucial for root development, flowering, and fruit production in plants. Compost may be deficient in phosphorus if the organic materials used in the composting process are low in phosphorus content. To ensure an adequate supply of phosphorus, it is recommended to supplement the compost with additional phosphorus-rich materials, such as bone meal or rock phosphate.
3. Potassium: Potassium is important for overall plant health, disease resistance, and fruit quality. Compost may lack potassium if the organic materials used in the composting process are low in potassium content. To address this deficiency, it is recommended to add potassium-rich materials, such as wood ashes or potassium sulfate, to the compost.
In conclusion, compost may lack essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. It is important to assess the nutrient content of compost and supplement it accordingly to meet the specific needs of plants.

Compost is rich in organic matter

Compost is a nutrient-rich soil amendment that is created through the decomposition of organic materials. It is commonly used in gardening and agriculture to improve soil fertility and structure. Compost is rich in:

• Organic matter: Compost is primarily made up of organic materials such as food scraps, yard waste, and other plant materials. These organic materials break down over time, creating a dark, crumbly substance that is rich in nutrients.


• Nitrogen: Organic matter in compost is a source of nitrogen. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth and is necessary for the production of proteins, enzymes, and chlorophyll.


• Potash: Compost also contains potash, which is a term used to describe the potassium content in organic matter. Potassium is a macronutrient that plays a vital role in plant growth and development.


• Other nutrients: Compost may also contain other essential nutrients like phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and trace elements. These nutrients are released slowly over time, providing a steady supply of nutrition for plants.

Overall, compost is a valuable source of organic matter and nutrients that can improve soil health and support plant growth. Its use can enhance soil structure, increase water retention, promote beneficial microbial activity, and reduce the need for synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.

Traditional Method of Sowing: Broadcasting

When it comes to sowing seeds, one traditional method that has been used for centuries is broadcasting. Broadcasting refers to the process of scattering the seeds over a wide area, usually by hand. This method is commonly used for sowing grass seeds, cereal crops, and wildflowers.

Advantages of Broadcasting:
- Uniform distribution: Broadcasting ensures that the seeds are spread evenly across the field, resulting in a uniform distribution of plants.
- Cost-effective: This method is relatively inexpensive compared to other sowing techniques as it does not require specialized equipment.
- Adaptability: Broadcasting can be done on various types of terrain, making it a versatile method for sowing seeds.
- Seed-to-soil contact: By scattering the seeds over the soil surface, broadcasting allows for better seed-to-soil contact, enhancing germination and seedling establishment.
Procedure of Broadcasting:
1. Seed selection: Choose suitable seeds for the specific crop or plant you want to grow.
2. Prepare the soil: Ensure the soil is properly prepared by removing weeds, rocks, and other debris. Loosen the soil to create a favorable environment for seed germination.
3. Calculate the seed quantity: Determine the appropriate amount of seeds required per unit area.
4. Scatter the seeds: Stand at one end of the field and scatter the seeds evenly by hand, using a swinging motion. Alternatively, a mechanical seed spreader can be used for larger areas.
5. Cover the seeds: After broadcasting, lightly rake the soil or use a roller to cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil. This helps protect the seeds from birds and ensures better seed-to-soil contact.
Conclusion:
Broadcasting is a traditional method of sowing seeds by scattering them over a wide area. It offers several advantages, including uniform distribution, cost-effectiveness, adaptability, and improved seed-to-soil contact. By following the proper procedure, farmers and gardeners can effectively sow their seeds using this method.

Separation of grains from chaff is the process called:
There are several methods used to separate grains from chaff, but the specific process referred to in this question is called winnowing. Winnowing is an ancient agricultural technique that has been used for centuries to separate the heavier grains from the lighter chaff or husks. Here is a detailed explanation of the process:
1. Threshing:
- Threshing is the initial step in separating grains from chaff.
- It involves beating or threshing the harvested crop to loosen the edible grain from the surrounding husks or stalks.
- This can be done manually by using tools such as flails or by using mechanized threshing machines.
2. Winnowing:
- Winnowing is the second step in the process and involves the separation of the loosened grains from the chaff.
- It takes advantage of the difference in weight between the heavier grains and the lighter chaff.
- The winnowing process is typically carried out in an open area with a gentle breeze or by using a winnowing basket or a winnowing machine.
- The harvested crop is tossed into the air, allowing the wind to blow away the lighter chaff while the heavier grains fall back into the basket or onto a clean surface.
3. Broadcasting:
- Broadcasting is a method used for sowing seeds rather than separating grains from chaff.
- It involves scattering or spreading the seeds evenly over a wide area by hand or using a machine.
- This method is commonly used for crops like rice or wheat.
4. Separation:
- While separation is a generic term, it does not specifically refer to the process of separating grains from chaff.
- Separation can be used to describe any process where two or more materials are divided or isolated from each other.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is C. Winnowing as it specifically refers to the process of separating grains from chaff.

Ammonium phosphate is a fertilizer of which type?
The correct answer is option B: Phosphatic fertilizer.
Explanation:
Ammonium phosphate is a type of fertilizer that contains both nitrogen and phosphorus. It is commonly used in agriculture to provide essential nutrients to plants. Here is a detailed explanation of why ammonium phosphate is classified as a phosphatic fertilizer:
Definition of phosphatic fertilizer:
Phosphatic fertilizers are fertilizers that contain a high concentration of phosphorus. They are used to improve soil fertility and promote plant growth by providing plants with the necessary phosphorus nutrients.
Explanation of why ammonium phosphate is a phosphatic fertilizer:
1. Composition: Ammonium phosphate is composed of phosphorus and nitrogen. It is formed by reacting phosphoric acid with ammonia.
2. Phosphorus content: Ammonium phosphate contains a significant amount of phosphorus, which makes it a phosphatic fertilizer. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development.
3. Phosphorus availability: Ammonium phosphate releases phosphorus slowly over time, providing a continuous supply of this nutrient to plants.
4. Common uses: Ammonium phosphate is commonly used in agricultural practices to promote root development, improve flowering, and enhance fruit and seed production.
5. Labeling: Ammonium phosphate-based fertilizers are typically labeled as phosphatic fertilizers, indicating their high phosphorus content.
In conclusion, ammonium phosphate is classified as a phosphatic fertilizer due to its composition, high phosphorus content, slow-release of phosphorus, and common agricultural uses for promoting plant growth.