Olympiad Test: Food And Health - 1 - Class 5 MCQ

Malnutrition is a condition that results from eating a diet in which one or more nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that the diet causes health problems. It may involve calories, protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins or minerals

Deficiency Diseases: Rickets and Osteomalacia

Rickets is a deficiency disease that occurs in children, while osteomalacia is a similar condition that affects adults. Both of these conditions are caused due to a deficiency of Vitamin D.

Causes:

• Rickets and osteomalacia occur when the body does not get enough Vitamin D.


• Vitamin D is essential for the body to absorb calcium and phosphorus from the diet. Without sufficient Vitamin D, the body cannot maintain proper levels of these minerals, leading to the development of rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.


• The primary cause of Vitamin D deficiency is a lack of exposure to sunlight, which is necessary for the body to produce Vitamin D.


• Inadequate dietary intake of Vitamin D-rich foods, such as fatty fish, egg yolks, and fortified dairy products, can also contribute to the development of these deficiency diseases.

Signs and Symptoms:

• Rickets in Children:
  
  
  
  • Bowed legs
  
  
  • Delayed growth
  
  
  • Delayed tooth formation
  
  
  • Softening and weakening of bones
  
  
  
  


• Osteomalacia in Adults:
  
  
  
  • Widespread bone pain
  
  
  • Muscle weakness
  
  
  • Fragile bones
  
  
  • Easily fractured bones
  
  
  
  

Treatment and Prevention:

• Treatment for rickets and osteomalacia involves correcting the Vitamin D deficiency:


• Supplementation with Vitamin D supplements


• Increased exposure to sunlight


• Consuming foods rich in Vitamin D


• Prevention can be achieved by:


• Ensuring adequate sun exposure


• Including Vitamin D-rich foods in the diet


• Regularly monitoring Vitamin D levels

Therefore, the correct answer is B: Vitamin D.

Explanation:
To determine which of the options are not nutrients, we need to understand what nutrients are. Nutrients are substances that provide nourishment to the body and are essential for growth, development, and maintenance of bodily functions. They can be divided into six major categories: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.
Let's analyze each option:
Option A: Proteins and carbohydrates
- Proteins and carbohydrates are both essential nutrients.
- They provide energy and play a crucial role in the body's structure, growth, and repair.
Option B: Vitamins and minerals
- Vitamins and minerals are also essential nutrients.
- They are required in small amounts but are crucial for various bodily functions and processes.
Option C: Dal and rice
- Dal and rice are food items and not individual nutrients.
- However, they do contain nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.
Option D: Both A and B
- This option is incorrect because both proteins and carbohydrates (option A) and vitamins and minerals (option B) are indeed nutrients.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C: Dal and rice are not nutrients, but they do contain nutrients.

Answer:
The correct answer is B: Roughage.
Roughage, also known as dietary fiber, helps the body get rid of undigested waste. Here's how it works:
- What is roughage?
Roughage refers to the indigestible parts of plant-based foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and seeds. It is not broken down by the digestive system and passes through the body relatively unchanged.
- How does roughage help in waste elimination?
1. Increases bulk: Roughage adds bulk to the stool, making it easier for the digestive system to move it along the intestine.
2. Stimulates bowel movements: The fiber in roughage stimulates the muscles of the digestive tract, promoting regular bowel movements.
3. Prevents constipation: Consuming adequate amounts of roughage helps prevent constipation by softening the stool and speeding up its passage through the intestines.
4. Removes toxins: Roughage can bind to toxins and waste products in the digestive system, helping to remove them from the body.
- Sources of roughage:
Some common sources of roughage include whole grains, legumes, fruits with edible skins or seeds, vegetables, nuts, and seeds. It is important to consume a variety of these foods to ensure an adequate intake of dietary fiber.
In conclusion, roughage plays a vital role in helping the body get rid of undigested waste by increasing bulk, stimulating bowel movements, preventing constipation, and removing toxins from the digestive system.

Communicable diseases also known as:

Communicable diseases are illnesses caused by infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. They can be transmitted from person to person or from animals to humans. These diseases are also known as:

A: Infectious
- Communicable diseases are often referred to as infectious diseases because they are caused by infectious agents.
B: Non-infectious
- Non-infectious diseases are not caused by infectious agents and cannot be transmitted from person to person. Examples of non-infectious diseases include genetic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and certain types of cancer.
C: Both A and B
- This option is incorrect because communicable diseases are specifically infectious diseases, and they are not non-infectious diseases.
D: None of the above
- This option is also incorrect because communicable diseases are indeed infectious diseases.
In conclusion, communicable diseases are correctly referred to as infectious diseases (option A).

Answer:
Diseases like malaria and dengue are spread by:
- Mosquito bites: The primary mode of transmission for both malaria and dengue is through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Female Anopheles mosquitoes transmit malaria, while Aedes mosquitoes transmit dengue.
- Sneezing: Malaria and dengue are not spread through sneezing. These diseases are not airborne and require the specific vector (mosquito) for transmission.
- Coughing: Similarly, coughing does not transmit malaria or dengue. The diseases are not respiratory infections and do not spread through respiratory droplets.
- Direct contact: Direct contact with an infected person does not result in the transmission of malaria or dengue. These diseases require the presence of the specific mosquito vector for transmission.
In conclusion, diseases like malaria and dengue are primarily spread through mosquito bites, not through sneezing, coughing, or direct contact. It is important to take preventive measures such as using mosquito nets, wearing protective clothing, and using mosquito repellents to reduce the risk of mosquito-borne diseases.

Foods that are good sources of fiber:
- Potato skin: The skin of a potato is rich in fiber. It contains approximately 2 grams of fiber per 100 grams.
- Whole grains: Foods like whole wheat bread, brown rice, and oatmeal are high in fiber. They provide both soluble and insoluble fiber.
- Legumes: Beans, lentils, and chickpeas are excellent sources of fiber. They are also rich in protein and other nutrients.
- Fruits and vegetables: Many fruits and vegetables are high in fiber. Examples include berries, apples, broccoli, and carrots.
- Nuts and seeds: Almonds, chia seeds, and flaxseeds are all good sources of fiber. They can be easily incorporated into meals or snacks.
- Dried fruits: Raisins, prunes, and dried figs are high in fiber. They can be enjoyed as a snack or added to dishes like oatmeal or yogurt.
Explanation:
The correct answer is C: Potato skin. The skin of a potato is a good source of fiber. It is important to include fiber in the diet as it helps promote healthy digestion, prevents constipation, and may reduce the risk of certain chronic diseases such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes. While other options like pie, scrambled eggs, and yogurt may be delicious and nutritious in their own ways, they do not contain significant amounts of fiber. It is always beneficial to choose whole foods that are high in fiber to meet your daily dietary needs.

It is considered important to consume a balanced diet that is rich in all nutrients to meet our daily requirements.

Meat is considered a main source of protein. So, when a person is avoiding a source of protein then it must be replaced by another protein-rich food.

Pasta is a source of carbohydrates and increasing the number of other foods alone won't help because we have not met our requirement of protein.

So, the apt thing to do would be to replace meat with other protein foods like eggs, fish, beans and nuts.

Therefore, this is the correct answer.

Answer:
The nutrient responsible for strengthening muscles, bones, and teeth is Minerals. Here's a detailed explanation:
Minerals:
- Minerals are essential nutrients that our body needs in small amounts for various functions.
- They play a vital role in maintaining overall health and well-being.
- Certain minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, are particularly important for the strength and health of muscles, bones, and teeth.
Calcium:
- Calcium is a mineral that is crucial for the development and maintenance of strong bones and teeth.
- It is also involved in muscle contraction, nerve function, and blood clotting.
- Adequate calcium intake is essential for preventing conditions like osteoporosis and tooth decay.
Phosphorus:
- Phosphorus is another mineral that works closely with calcium to maintain bone health.
- It is a key component of DNA, RNA, and ATP, which are essential for energy production and muscle function.
- Together with calcium, phosphorus helps strengthen bones and teeth.
Magnesium:
- Magnesium is involved in over 300 biochemical reactions in the body, including muscle and nerve function.
- It helps regulate calcium levels, promoting proper muscle contraction and bone formation.
- Adequate magnesium intake is important for maintaining strong muscles, bones, and teeth.
Conclusion:
Minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, are responsible for strengthening muscles, bones, and teeth. Including foods rich in these minerals in your diet, such as dairy products, leafy greens, nuts, and seeds, can help ensure you are getting enough of these essential nutrients for optimal musculoskeletal health.

Explanation:

• Eating a varied diet: Consuming a variety of foods ensures that you get a wide range of nutrients, promoting overall health.


• Avoiding foods high in fats and calories: Limiting intake of high-fat and high-calorie foods can help prevent weight gain and reduce the risk of various health conditions.


• Avoiding too much sugar: Excessive sugar consumption can lead to weight gain, tooth decay, and other health issues, so it is important to limit sugar intake.


• Eliminating sodium from your diet: While reducing sodium intake is important for some individuals, completely eliminating it from your diet is not recommended. Sodium is essential for various bodily functions, and completely avoiding it can lead to health issues.

Therefore, eliminating sodium from your diet is NOT a recommended way to maintain a healthful diet.