Olympiad Test: Food And Health - 2 - Class 5 MCQ

Answer: B.
A healthy eating plan includes consuming a variety of nutritious foods in appropriate portions. Among the given options, behavior B aligns with a healthy eating plan. Here is a detailed explanation:
- Ananya likes to eat a lot of fruits and vegetables along with milk: This behavior indicates a healthy eating plan as it includes a high intake of fruits and vegetables, which are rich in essential vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Milk provides calcium and protein, making it a nutritious choice.
The other behaviors listed are not part of a healthy eating plan:
- Saumya sometimes eats cold spaghetti or leftover pizza for breakfast: Consuming high-fat and high-sodium foods like spaghetti or pizza for breakfast is not considered a healthy choice. It is important to have a balanced meal that provides essential nutrients.
- Sumit skips breakfast when he is late for school: Skipping breakfast is not recommended as it can lead to a lack of energy and nutrient deficiencies. Breakfast is an essential meal that helps kickstart the metabolism and provides energy for the day.
- Anubhav counts fruit pie and sugared drinks that contain some fruit as his daily fruit servings: Fruit pies and sugared drinks often contain added sugars and may not provide the same nutritional benefits as whole fruits. It is important to consume whole fruits to obtain the natural fiber and nutrients they offer.
In conclusion, behavior B, where Ananya consumes a lot of fruits and vegetables along with milk, aligns with a healthy eating plan, while the other behaviors listed do not.

Common Traits Between Bread, Jam, and Potato Chips:
- Rich in Carbohydrates: All three bread, jam, and potato chips are high in carbohydrates, which are a primary source of energy for our bodies. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is used by our cells for various functions.
- Source of Calories: Bread, jam, and potato chips are calorie-dense foods, meaning they provide a significant amount of energy. Carbohydrates, which are the main component in these foods, contain 4 calories per gram.
- Processed Foods: Bread, jam, and potato chips are processed foods that undergo various manufacturing and refining processes before being consumed. They often contain added sugars, preservatives, and other ingredients to enhance taste, texture, and shelf life.
- Popular Food Items: Bread, jam, and potato chips are commonly consumed food items worldwide. They are readily available in grocery stores and are often included in meals or consumed as snacks.
- Different Macronutrient Profiles: While all three foods have a significant carbohydrate content, they differ in other macronutrients. Bread contains a moderate amount of protein and minimal fat, while jam is primarily made from fruits and contains little to no fat. Potato chips, on the other hand, are high in fat due to the frying process.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: Rich in carbohydrate.

Answer:
Foods rich in carbohydrates are:

B: Potato, wheat, maize, sugarcane
Explanation:
Carbohydrates are one of the three macronutrients that provide energy to the body. They are found in various foods, including fruits, vegetables, grains, and sugars. Foods rich in carbohydrates include:
- Potato: Potatoes are a starchy vegetable and are a good source of carbohydrates.
- Wheat: Wheat is a staple food and is commonly found in bread, pasta, and cereals.
- Maize: Maize, also known as corn, is a cereal grain that is high in carbohydrates.
- Sugarcane: Sugarcane is a tropical grass that is used to produce sugar and is a rich source of carbohydrates.
These foods provide the body with the energy it needs to perform daily activities. It is important to consume carbohydrates in moderation and to choose complex carbohydrates, such as whole grains, over simple carbohydrates, such as refined sugars, for better overall health.

Answer:
Eating too much food that is rich in fat and not engaging in physical activity can lead to obesity. Here is a detailed explanation:
Obesity:
- Obesity is a medical condition characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat.
- When a person consumes more calories than they burn through physical activity, the excess energy is stored as fat in the body.
- Foods that are high in fat are often calorie-dense, meaning they provide a large number of calories in a small serving size.
- Consuming these high-fat foods in excess without burning off the calories through physical activity can lead to weight gain and eventually obesity.
Consequences of Obesity:
- Increased risk of various health problems: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing numerous health conditions, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, certain types of cancer, and high blood pressure.
- Decreased quality of life: Obesity can limit physical activity, affect mobility, and lead to a decrease in overall quality of life.
- Psychological impact: Obesity can also have psychological consequences, such as low self-esteem, depression, and anxiety.
In conclusion, consuming excessive amounts of high-fat foods without engaging in physical activity can lead to obesity, which can have detrimental effects on both physical and mental health. It is important to maintain a balanced diet and incorporate regular exercise to prevent obesity and promote overall well-being.

Deficiency diseases:
- Deficiency diseases are diseases that occur due to a lack of essential nutrients in the diet over a prolonged period of time.
- These diseases are typically caused by a deficiency in specific vitamins, minerals, or other essential nutrients.
- They can affect various body systems and lead to a range of symptoms and complications.
- Deficiency diseases are usually preventable through a balanced and varied diet that provides all the necessary nutrients.
- Common deficiency diseases include:
- Scurvy: caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, resulting in weakness, fatigue, and bleeding gums.
- Rickets: caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, leading to weak and deformed bones.
- Pellagra: caused by a deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3), causing symptoms such as skin rashes, digestive problems, and mental confusion.
- Iron-deficiency anemia: caused by a lack of iron, resulting in fatigue, weakness, and decreased ability to carry oxygen in the blood.
- The treatment and prevention of deficiency diseases often involve dietary changes, supplementation, and addressing underlying causes of nutrient deficiencies.
- It is important to maintain a balanced and nutritious diet to prevent the occurrence of deficiency diseases.

Disease Name: Scurvy

- Scurvy is a disease characterized by bleeding gums and swollen joints.
- It is caused by a deficiency of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in the diet.
- Vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of collagen, a protein that helps in the formation of connective tissues, including gums and joints.
- When the body lacks vitamin C, the collagen becomes weak, leading to bleeding gums and joint swelling.
- Other symptoms of scurvy may include fatigue, weakness, anemia, poor wound healing, and easy bruising.
- Scurvy is commonly seen in individuals with an inadequate intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, which are rich sources of vitamin C.
- The disease was historically prevalent among sailors on long sea voyages who did not have access to fresh fruits and vegetables.
- Treatment of scurvy involves the consumption of foods high in vitamin C, such as citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwi, and broccoli.
- In severe cases, vitamin C supplements may be prescribed.
- Prevention of scurvy can be achieved by maintaining a balanced diet that includes sufficient vitamin C-rich foods.

Common cold spreads through:
- Direct contact: Common cold is primarily spread through direct contact with an infected person. When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, tiny droplets containing the virus are released into the air, and if a healthy person comes into contact with these droplets or touches surfaces contaminated with them, they can contract the virus.
- Foul air: While the common cold is commonly spread through direct contact, it is not typically spread through foul air or poor air quality. The virus is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets and does not linger in the air for long periods.
- Houseflies: Houseflies do not play a significant role in spreading the common cold. The virus is primarily transmitted from person to person and is not known to be transmitted through insects like houseflies.
- Dog-bite: The common cold is not transmitted through dog bites. The virus is specific to humans and does not infect animals like dogs.
In conclusion, the common cold is mainly spread through direct contact with an infected person. It is important to practice good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing and covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, to reduce the risk of spreading or contracting the virus.

Calcium and phosphorous are needed for:
- Healthy bones and teeth: Calcium and phosphorous are essential minerals for the development and maintenance of strong and healthy bones and teeth. They provide the structural support necessary for bones and teeth to grow and remain strong throughout life.
- Blood: Calcium is involved in blood clotting, which is important for the prevention of excessive bleeding. Additionally, both calcium and phosphorous play a role in maintaining the proper functioning of muscles, including the heart.
- Glowing skin: While calcium and phosphorous are not directly linked to glowing skin, they do play a role in overall skin health. Calcium is involved in the regulation of skin cell turnover, which can contribute to a more vibrant and youthful appearance.
- Energy for playing: Calcium and phosphorous are not directly responsible for providing energy for playing. Energy is primarily obtained from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins through the process of cellular respiration.
In conclusion, calcium and phosphorous are primarily needed for healthy bones and teeth, as well as for the proper functioning of blood and muscles. While they may indirectly contribute to skin health, they are not directly responsible for providing energy for physical activity.

Deficiency diseases are conditions that occur due to a lack of specific nutrients in the body. These diseases can have various symptoms and can affect different systems in the body. The correct answer to the given question is option D, which states that deficiency diseases are caused by the lack of nutrients in food.
Here is a detailed explanation of deficiency diseases:
Deficiency Diseases:
Deficiency diseases are conditions that arise when the body does not receive an adequate amount of essential nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, and proteins. These diseases can be caused by various factors, including poor diet, malabsorption, certain medical conditions, and lifestyle choices.
Causes of Deficiency Diseases:
Deficiency diseases can occur due to the following reasons:
1. Inadequate diet: When a person doesn't consume a balanced diet that provides all the necessary nutrients, deficiency diseases can develop. For example, a diet lacking in fruits and vegetables can lead to a deficiency of vitamins and minerals.
2. Malabsorption: Some individuals may have difficulties absorbing nutrients from their food due to conditions such as celiac disease, Crohn's disease, or gastrointestinal surgeries. This can result in nutrient deficiencies.
3. Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions can increase the risk of deficiency diseases. For instance, people with kidney disease may develop deficiencies in vitamins D and E, while individuals with liver disease may have deficiencies in vitamins A and K.
Types of Deficiency Diseases:
Deficiency diseases can manifest in various ways depending on the specific nutrient that is lacking. Some common examples include:
1. Iron deficiency anemia: This condition occurs when the body lacks sufficient iron, leading to decreased production of red blood cells and impaired oxygen transport.
2. Vitamin D deficiency: Insufficient levels of vitamin D can lead to weak bones, increased risk of fractures, and impaired immune function.
3. Vitamin C deficiency (scurvy): A lack of vitamin C can result in weakened connective tissues, bleeding gums, and impaired wound healing.
4. Iodine deficiency disorders: Inadequate iodine intake can cause thyroid-related problems, including goiter and hypothyroidism.
5. Vitamin B12 deficiency: Insufficient levels of vitamin B12 can lead to anemia, fatigue, and neurological symptoms.
Conclusion:
Deficiency diseases are caused by a lack of specific nutrients in the body, which can result from various factors such as poor diet, malabsorption, and medical conditions. It is important to maintain a balanced diet that provides all the necessary nutrients to prevent the development of deficiency diseases. Regular check-ups and consultations with healthcare professionals can help identify and address any potential nutrient deficiencies.

Introduction:
Disease is a condition that affects the normal functioning of the body. In this question, we are asked to identify the correct definition of a disease.
Definition of Disease:
A disease can be defined as a condition in which the body does not function properly. It can affect various parts of the body, including organs, tissues, and cells, leading to a disruption in normal bodily processes.
Explanation:
To answer this question, we need to analyze the given options and determine which one accurately describes a disease.
Option A: When our bones do not function properly
- This option is incorrect because a disease is not limited to bone-related issues only. It can affect any part of the body, including bones, but it is not exclusive to bone-related conditions.
Option B: When our body does not function properly
- This option is correct. A disease refers to any condition that affects the normal functioning of the body. It can manifest in various ways, such as through symptoms, abnormalities, or imbalances in bodily processes.
Option C: Both A and B
- This option is incorrect because while some diseases may affect bones, not all diseases are bone-related. Therefore, the correct answer cannot be both A and B.
Option D: None of the above
- This option is incorrect as option B accurately defines a disease.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the correct answer is option B: "When our body does not function properly." A disease is a condition that affects the normal functioning of the body, encompassing various organs, tissues, and cells.

The vaccination process is:
- Definition: The vaccination process refers to the administration of a substance, usually a vaccine, into a person's body to stimulate their immune system and protect them against a specific disease.
- Objective: The primary goal of vaccination is to prevent the occurrence of a particular disease by training the immune system to recognize and respond effectively to the pathogen that causes it.
- Key Steps: The vaccination process typically involves the following steps:
1. Vaccine Development: Scientists develop vaccines by identifying and isolating the pathogen responsible for a specific disease, or by creating weakened or inactivated forms of the pathogen.
2. Vaccine Administration: The vaccine is administered to an individual through various routes, such as injection, oral ingestion, or nasal spray. Injection is the most common method for many vaccines.
3. Stimulating Immune Response: Once inside the body, the vaccine introduces antigens, which are substances that mimic the pathogen and trigger an immune response. This response involves the production of antibodies and the activation of immune cells.
4. Memory Cell Formation: The immune system remembers the specific antigens encountered during vaccination and develops memory cells. These memory cells remain in the body, ready to respond rapidly and effectively if the person is exposed to the actual pathogen in the future.
- Benefits: The vaccination process offers several benefits, including:
- Protection against diseases: Vaccination helps prevent the occurrence or reduces the severity of diseases such as measles, polio, influenza, hepatitis, and many others.

- Herd immunity: When a significant portion of the population is vaccinated, it creates herd immunity, which provides indirect protection to those who cannot be vaccinated, such as infants or individuals with weakened immune systems.

- Disease eradication: Vaccination has led to the eradication of diseases like smallpox and the near-elimination of others, such as polio.
- Importance: Vaccination is a crucial public health measure as it helps control the spread of infectious diseases, reduces morbidity and mortality rates, and contributes to the overall well-being of individuals and communities.
In conclusion, the vaccination process involves the administration of a substance to stimulate the immune system and protect against a specific disease. It plays a vital role in preventing the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases, offering numerous benefits to individuals and society as a whole.

Answer:
Introduction:
Vaccines are substances that are administered to protect individuals from various diseases. They are designed to stimulate an immune response in the body, preparing it to fight off the specific disease-causing pathogens.
Explanation:
Vaccines can be administered in different ways and serve as a means of preventing communicable diseases. Let's explore the options mentioned in the question:
A: Injected to protect us from diseases:
- Vaccines are commonly administered through injections, where the substance is injected into the muscle or under the skin.
- This method allows the vaccine to enter the bloodstream and initiate an immune response.
B: Given orally to protect us from diseases:
- While some vaccines can be given orally, such as the polio vaccine, this is not the most common method of administration.
- Oral vaccines are designed to be ingested and delivered to the digestive system.
C: Way of preventing communicable diseases:
- Vaccines are indeed an effective way to prevent communicable diseases.
- By stimulating the immune system, vaccines help the body recognize and fight off specific pathogens, reducing the risk of infection and transmission.
D: Injected or orally given to protect us from diseases:
- This option combines both the injected and oral methods of vaccine administration.
- Some vaccines are given through injections, while others can be ingested orally.
- The goal remains the same: to protect individuals from diseases by stimulating the immune system.
Conclusion:
Vaccines are substances that can be either injected or given orally to protect individuals from diseases. They serve as a way to prevent communicable diseases by stimulating the immune system to recognize and fight off specific pathogens. While injections are the most common method of vaccine administration, some vaccines can also be given orally. Regardless of the method, vaccines play a crucial role in safeguarding public health.

Scurvy is a non-communicable disease.
Explanation:
Scurvy is a condition caused by a deficiency of vitamin C in the diet. It typically occurs in individuals who do not consume enough fruits and vegetables, which are the main sources of vitamin C. Here is a detailed explanation of why scurvy is a non-communicable disease:
1. Definition of non-communicable disease:
- Non-communicable diseases are medical conditions that are not caused by infectious agents (such as bacteria or viruses) and cannot be transmitted from one person to another.
- They are typically caused by genetic or lifestyle factors, such as poor nutrition or smoking.
2. Cause of scurvy:
- Scurvy is caused by a lack of vitamin C in the diet.
- Vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of collagen, a protein that helps maintain the integrity of connective tissues, such as skin, blood vessels, and bones.
- Without sufficient vitamin C, the body is unable to produce collagen, leading to the characteristic symptoms of scurvy.
3. Transmission of scurvy:
- Scurvy cannot be transmitted from one person to another.
- It is not caused by a pathogen or infectious agent that can be passed on through direct contact, respiratory droplets, or other means of transmission.
- Instead, scurvy occurs due to inadequate intake of vitamin C in the diet.
4. Prevention and treatment:
- Scurvy can be prevented and treated by consuming an adequate amount of vitamin C. Good dietary sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwi, tomatoes, broccoli, and bell peppers.
- In severe cases, vitamin C supplements may be recommended by healthcare professionals.
In conclusion, scurvy is classified as a non-communicable disease because it is caused by a deficiency of vitamin C in the diet and cannot be transmitted from one person to another.

To stay healthy, we must eat a balanced diet:
Introduction:
A balanced diet is essential for maintaining good health and providing our bodies with the necessary nutrients. It includes a variety of foods that provide a range of nutrients, vitamins, and minerals.
Benefits of a balanced diet:
Eating a balanced diet has numerous benefits, including:
1. Preventing nutrient deficiencies: A balanced diet ensures that we consume all the essential nutrients our bodies need to function properly.
2. Boosting the immune system: A well-balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains helps strengthen the immune system, reducing the risk of infections and diseases.
3. Promoting healthy weight management: A balanced diet helps us maintain a healthy weight by providing the right amount of calories and nutrients.
4. Improving mental health: Proper nutrition is essential for optimal brain function, and a balanced diet can help improve mood and mental well-being.
5. Reducing the risk of chronic diseases: Consuming a variety of foods from different food groups can lower the risk of chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer.
Components of a balanced diet:
A balanced diet should include the following components:
1. Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy. They can be found in foods such as grains, rice, pasta, bread, and fruits.
2. Proteins: Proteins are essential for building and repairing tissues. Good sources of protein include lean meats, poultry, fish, eggs, legumes, and dairy products.
3. Fruits and vegetables: These provide essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Aim to include a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables in your diet.
4. Healthy fats: Include sources of healthy fats such as avocados, nuts, seeds, and olive oil. These fats are important for brain function and overall health.
5. Dairy or dairy alternatives: These provide calcium, which is essential for strong bones and teeth. Choose low-fat or non-fat options.
6. Hydration: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to stay hydrated and support proper bodily functions.
Conclusion:
Maintaining a balanced diet is crucial for overall health and well-being. By consuming a variety of foods from different food groups, we can ensure that our bodies receive the necessary nutrients to function optimally. Remember to consult with a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian for personalized dietary recommendations.

Answer:
The correct answer is D: C. Citrus fruits are an excellent source of vitamin C. Here is a detailed explanation:
Citrus Fruits:
- Citrus fruits include oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruits, and tangerines.
- They are known for their tangy taste and high vitamin content.
Vitamin C:
- Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin that acts as an antioxidant in the body.
- It plays a crucial role in the growth, development, and repair of body tissues.
- Vitamin C also helps in the production of collagen, a protein that is essential for healthy skin, blood vessels, bones, and cartilage.
- It boosts the immune system, aiding in the prevention and treatment of common colds and flu.
- Vitamin C is also involved in the absorption of iron, which is necessary for the production of red blood cells.
Benefits of Vitamin C:
- Protects against immune system deficiencies.
- Helps in the absorption of iron.
- Reduces the risk of chronic diseases.
- Aids in wound healing.
- Supports healthy skin.
- May help prevent cardiovascular diseases.
Conclusion:
Citrus fruits are an excellent source of vitamin C, which is vital for various bodily functions and offers numerous health benefits. Including citrus fruits in your diet can help ensure an adequate intake of vitamin C.