Olympiad Test: Hardware And Software - 2 - Class 8 MCQ

Answer:
The brain of the computer is known as the CPU (Central Processing Unit). Here is a detailed explanation of why the CPU is referred to as the brain of the computer:
- CPU:
The CPU is a hardware component that performs most of the processing inside a computer. It carries out the basic instructions that drive a computer's operations, such as performing calculations, moving data, and controlling input/output operations.
- Key Functions of CPU:
1. Fetch: The CPU fetches instructions from the computer's memory.
2. Decode: It decodes the instructions to understand what needs to be done.
3. Execute: The CPU executes the instructions by performing mathematical operations, logical comparisons, and other tasks.
4. Store: It stores the results of the executed instructions back to the computer's memory.
- Importance of CPU:
1. Processing Power: The CPU's processing power determines the speed and efficiency of a computer. A faster CPU allows for quicker execution of tasks.
2. Control and Coordination: The CPU controls and coordinates the activities of all other hardware components in the computer system.
3. Decision Making: The CPU makes decisions based on the instructions it receives, allowing the computer to perform complex tasks and calculations.
- Difference between RAM and CPU:
1. RAM (Random Access Memory): RAM is a type of computer memory that is used to temporarily store data that the CPU needs to access quickly. It provides the CPU with fast access to frequently used instructions and data.
2. CPU (Central Processing Unit): The CPU, as mentioned earlier, is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. It is the primary component that carries out the actual processing tasks.
In conclusion, the CPU is called the brain of the computer because it performs the essential processing tasks required for the computer to function and make decisions. It controls and coordinates the activities of other hardware components and plays a crucial role in the overall performance of the computer system.

Explanation:
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) generates a significant amount of heat during its operation. To prevent overheating and maintain proper functioning, the CPU is connected to a heat sink and fan assembly. Here is a detailed explanation of the components involved:
1. Heat Sink:
- A heat sink is a passive cooling device that absorbs and dissipates heat away from the CPU.
- It is usually made of metal (such as aluminum or copper) due to their excellent heat conductivity properties.
- The heat sink has a large surface area with fins or grooves to increase its ability to transfer heat.
2. Fan:
- The heat sink is accompanied by a fan that helps in the dissipation of heat.
- The fan blows air over the heat sink, accelerating the cooling process by removing hot air and bringing in cooler air.
- The movement of air helps to dissipate the heat more efficiently.
3. Thermal Interface Material (TIM):
- TIM is a compound applied between the CPU and the heat sink to improve thermal conductivity.
- It fills the microscopic gaps and imperfections between the CPU and the heat sink, ensuring better heat transfer.
4. Mounting Mechanism:
- The CPU is mounted onto the motherboard using a specific socket or slot.
- The heat sink and fan assembly is then attached to the CPU using a mounting mechanism, ensuring proper contact and stability.
Overall, the heat sink and fan assembly connected to the CPU play a crucial role in dissipating the heat generated, preventing thermal throttling or damage to the CPU.

Primary Memory:
- Primary memory, also known as main memory or primary storage, is the internal memory of a computer system.
- It is directly accessible by the CPU and is used to store data that is actively being processed or instructions that are currently being executed.
- Primary memory is volatile, meaning that its contents are lost when the power is turned off or in case of a system failure.
- It is typically faster and more expensive than secondary memory.
Types of Primary Memory:
1. RAM (Random Access Memory):
- RAM is a type of primary memory that provides temporary storage for data and instructions that are actively being used by the CPU.
- It allows for random access, meaning that any memory location can be accessed directly.
- RAM is volatile, which means that its contents are lost when the power is turned off.
- It is faster than secondary memory but more expensive.
2. ROM (Read-Only Memory):
- ROM is a type of primary memory that stores permanent instructions and data that are essential for booting up the computer and initializing hardware components.
- The data stored in ROM cannot be modified or erased by normal computer operations.
- ROM is non-volatile, meaning that its contents are retained even when the power is turned off.
- It is slower than RAM but less expensive.
Conclusion:
In this given scenario, the correct answer is RAM (Random Access Memory) as it is also called primary memory. CD, DVD, and ROM are not primary memory options.

Power Supply Unit ( PSU) is a piece of hardware that is used to converts the outlet power into usable power to ensure the normal running of parts within a computer. Specifically, it converts the mains AC to low-voltage controlled DC power for the use of internal computer parts. 15/30W. Single Output.

Power supply ratings:

Power supply ratings are determined by several factors:

• Voltage: Voltage is the measure of electrical potential difference between two points. It represents the force or pressure that pushes electrical current through a circuit. Power supply units are rated with a specific voltage, such as 12V or 24V.


• Ampere: Ampere, also known as current, is the rate at which electric charge flows in a circuit. It represents the amount of electrical current that a power supply can deliver. Power supply units are rated with a certain amperage, such as 5A or 10A.


• Wattage: Wattage is the measure of the rate at which electrical energy is transferred or consumed. It represents the power output or capability of a power supply. Power supply units are rated with a specific wattage, such as 300W or 500W.


• Joules: Joules are a unit of energy. While power supplies are not typically rated in joules, the joule rating can be relevant when considering surge protection capabilities. A higher joule rating indicates a power supply's ability to handle power surges.

In summary, power supply units are rated by voltage, amperage, wattage, and sometimes joules. These ratings help determine the compatibility and performance of a power supply for a given electrical system or device.

Explanation:
The correct answer is A: Graphic card.
A graphic card, also known as a graphics processing unit (GPU), is a hardware component that allows a computer to send graphical information to a video display device. Here is a detailed explanation:
- Graphic card: A graphic card is responsible for rendering and displaying images, videos, and 3D graphics on a computer monitor, TV, or projector. It has its own processor, memory, and cooling system to handle the intensive graphical tasks.
- Sound card: A sound card is a hardware component that allows a computer to produce and output audio signals. It is responsible for processing and converting digital audio data into analog signals that can be played through speakers or headphones.
- NIC (Network Interface Card): A NIC is a hardware component that allows a computer to connect to a network. It provides the necessary interface for communication between the computer and a network, enabling data transfer over Ethernet or other network protocols.
- DVD (Digital Versatile Disc): A DVD is a type of optical disc used for storing and playing high-definition video content, software, and other digital data. While a DVD drive is required to read and access data from a DVD, it is not directly responsible for sending graphical information to a display device.
In summary, a graphic card is the correct answer as it is specifically designed to handle and send graphical information to a video display device.

The hard disk drive is usually referred to as the "C drive".
Explanation:
The hard disk drive is the primary storage device in a computer system. It is divided into multiple partitions, each assigned a drive letter to identify it. The most common drive letter used for the primary partition, where the operating system is installed, is the "C drive".
Here are some key points explaining why the hard disk drive is referred to as the "C drive":
- Drive Letters: Each partition on a hard disk is assigned a unique drive letter to distinguish it from other partitions. These drive letters are used to access data stored on that particular partition. The drive letters range from A to Z, with A and B traditionally reserved for floppy disk drives.
- Operating System: The operating system is usually installed on the primary partition of the hard disk drive. When the computer boots up, it looks for the operating system files on the "C drive". This is why the "C drive" is commonly associated with the main system drive.
- Default Assignment: By default, the first partition on the hard disk is assigned the drive letter "C". This convention has been followed since the early DOS (Disk Operating System) days and has continued with modern Windows operating systems.
- File Path References: Many software applications and system configurations use the "C drive" as a reference point for file paths. It is a widely recognized convention, making it easier for users and developers to locate files and directories on the primary storage device.
In conclusion, the hard disk drive is usually referred to as the "C drive" because it is the default and commonly recognized drive letter for the primary partition where the operating system is installed.

Answer:
The correct answer is C: NIC (Network Interface Card)
Explanation:
A Network Interface Card (NIC) is a hardware component that connects a computer to a network. It allows the computer to communicate with other devices on the network, such as other computers, printers, or servers. Here are the detailed reasons why the other options are not correct:
A. Sound card: A sound card is responsible for processing and producing audio signals on a computer. It is not involved in connecting a computer to a network.
B. Video card: A video card, also known as a graphics card, is responsible for processing and producing visual output on a computer. It is not involved in connecting a computer to a network.
D. Graphic card: There is no specific hardware component called a "graphic card." It is likely a typo or confusion with the term "graphics card," which is the same as a video card. As mentioned earlier, a video card is not involved in connecting a computer to a network.
In summary, a Network Interface Card (NIC) is the correct hardware component that connects a computer to a network using an Ethernet cable with an RJ-45 connector.

A. Shareware: Shareware refers to software that is distributed for free on a trial basis, allowing users to try it before purchasing. This matches the given information, as it provides a few days to try the software before buying the program.
Hence, the correct answer is A. Shareware.

Before installing a program in MS-DOS, follow these steps:

• Switch directory that contains the installation files: It is important to navigate to the directory or folder that contains the installation files of the program you want to install. This can be done using the "cd" command in MS-DOS.


• Restart the computer (not necessary): Restarting the computer before installing a program is not a mandatory step, but it can help in refreshing the system and ensuring that any unnecessary processes are closed before the installation.


• Reboot the computer (not necessary): Similar to restarting the computer, rebooting is not a mandatory step before installing a program. It is an option that can be chosen if required.


• Save all the files (not necessary): Saving all the files on your computer is not directly related to installing a program in MS-DOS. However, it is always a good practice to save any important files before making any changes to the system.

By following these steps, you can ensure a smooth installation process for the program in MS-DOS.

The person who creates the software:
There are various roles involved in creating software, but the person primarily responsible for its development is the programmer. Here is a breakdown of the roles and their responsibilities:
1. Programmer:
- A programmer, also known as a software developer or coder, is responsible for writing the code that makes up the software.
- They are skilled in programming languages like Java, C++, Python, etc., and use these languages to translate the software design into a functional program.
- Programmers write and test code, debug and fix any issues, and ensure that the software meets the required specifications.
2. Designer:
- A designer is responsible for the visual and user interface design of the software.
- They create wireframes, mockups, and prototypes to demonstrate how the software will look and function.
- Designers work closely with programmers to ensure that the software's design is implemented correctly.
3. Builder:
- The builder, also known as a software engineer, is responsible for assembling and integrating the software components.
- They take the code written by the programmer and compile it into an executable program.
- Builders also perform tasks like configuring databases, setting up servers, and managing the software's infrastructure.
4. Technician:
- Technicians, also known as technical support specialists, provide technical assistance and troubleshooting for software-related issues.
- They may be involved in the installation, maintenance, and repair of software systems.
- Technicians help users with software-related problems and ensure that the software is running smoothly.
In conclusion, while there are multiple roles involved in software development, the programmer is the primary individual responsible for creating the software by writing and testing the code.

Firefox is an Internet browser.
Explanation:

• Firefox is a free and open-source web browser developed by Mozilla Foundation.


• It is available for various operating systems, including Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android.


• Firefox allows users to browse the internet, access websites, and view web content.


• It supports features such as tabbed browsing, private browsing, bookmarking, and extensions.


• Firefox is known for its security and privacy features, including built-in phishing and malware protection.


• It also provides customizable settings and options to enhance the user experience.


• Firefox supports HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript, making it compatible with modern web technologies.


• It is a popular alternative to other web browsers like Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge.


• Firefox regularly releases updates to improve performance, security, and functionality.

In conclusion, Firefox is primarily an Internet browser that allows users to access and navigate the World Wide Web. It offers a range of features and is widely used by individuals and organizations for web browsing purposes.

Sound Card
The sound card is a crucial component of a computer system that allows audio signals to be processed and played back through speakers or headphones. It helps in enhancing the audio experience and provides several important functionalities. Here are the main ways in which a sound card helps you:
1. Listen to audio files:
- The sound card enables you to hear audio files, such as music, videos, podcasts, or any other type of audio content.
- It converts digital audio data into analog signals that can be played back through speakers or headphones.
2. Provide audio output:
- The sound card acts as an interface between the computer's audio system and the external audio devices.
- It ensures that the audio output is of high quality and provides the necessary amplification for clear and loud sound.
3. Support surround sound:
- Many sound cards are designed to support surround sound systems, providing an immersive audio experience.
- They can decode and process multi-channel audio formats, such as Dolby Digital or DTS, for a more realistic sound output.
4. Enable recording:
- Sound cards often come with input ports, such as microphone or line-in, allowing you to record audio.
- They convert analog audio signals from external devices, like microphones or instruments, into digital data that can be processed and stored.
5. Improve gaming experience:
- Sound cards offer enhanced audio features specifically designed for gaming.
- They provide better sound quality, positional audio, and surround sound effects, making games more immersive and realistic.
In conclusion, a sound card is essential for audio playback, recording, and enhancing the overall audio experience on a computer system. It enables you to listen to audio files, provides audio output, supports surround sound, enables recording, and improves gaming experience.

Popular Optical Disc Drive manufacturers are:

• LG: LG is a well-known manufacturer of optical disc drives and produces a wide range of models for different purposes.


• Memorex: Memorex is another popular brand that offers optical disc drives known for their quality and reliability.


• NEC: NEC is a reputable manufacturer that produces optical disc drives with advanced features and high performance.

Answer:

The correct answer is b. All of these manufacturers are popular in the optical disc drive industry.

By choosing option b, you acknowledge that all of the mentioned manufacturers are popular in producing optical disc drives.

The hardware needs it to perform tasks:
- Software: Software is a set of instructions or programs that tell the hardware how to perform specific tasks. Without software, the hardware would not be able to function or perform any tasks.
- Video card: A video card is a hardware component that is responsible for generating and displaying images, videos, and graphics on a computer monitor. While a video card is essential for visual display, it requires software to control and manipulate the images.
- Sound card: A sound card is a hardware component that allows a computer to output and input audio signals. While the sound card is responsible for processing audio, it needs software to interpret and reproduce sound.
- Optical disk drive: An optical disk drive is a hardware component that reads and writes data on optical discs, such as CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs. However, without software, the optical disk drive cannot read or write any data on the discs.
In summary, while hardware components like video cards, sound cards, and optical disk drives are necessary for performing specific tasks, they rely on software to control and utilize their functions effectively.