Olympiad Test: Reproduction In Plants -1 - Class 7 MCQ

In asexual reproduction:
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves only one parent. Here are the key points explaining why the answer is option A:
Advantages of asexual reproduction:
- Efficient reproduction: Asexual reproduction allows organisms to reproduce quickly and efficiently, as there is no need to find a mate.
- Rapid population growth: Since only one parent is involved, a single organism can give rise to many offspring in a short period of time, leading to rapid population growth.
- Genetic uniformity: Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical or nearly identical to the parent. This can be advantageous in stable environments where the parent's traits are well-suited for survival.
- Adaptation to stable environments: Asexual reproduction is common in organisms that inhabit stable environments, as it allows them to maintain their successful traits over generations.
Examples of asexual reproduction:
- Binary fission: This is the process by which a single-celled organism, such as bacteria or amoeba, divides into two identical daughter cells.
- Budding: In this process, a new individual grows out of the parent organism as a small bud, which eventually detaches and becomes an independent organism.
- Fragmentation: In some organisms, such as certain plants and sea stars, a new individual can be formed from a fragment of the parent organism.
- Parthenogenesis: This is a type of asexual reproduction in which an unfertilized egg develops into a new individual. It is observed in some insects, reptiles, and fish.
Conclusion:
Asexual reproduction involves only one parent and is characterized by efficient reproduction, rapid population growth, genetic uniformity, and adaptation to stable environments. Examples of asexual reproduction include binary fission, budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis.

Definition of vegetative reproduction:
Vegetative reproduction is a type of reproduction in plants where new individuals are formed from vegetative parts of the parent plant, such as stems, roots, or leaves, without the involvement of reproductive structures like flowers and seeds.
Explanation:
Vegetative reproduction is a form of asexual reproduction, as it does not involve the fusion of gametes or the formation of seeds. Here are some key points to understand why vegetative reproduction is considered asexual:
1. No involvement of gametes: In vegetative reproduction, new individuals are produced directly from the somatic cells of the parent plant, without the need for the fusion of male and female gametes.
2. Genetic similarity: Since vegetative reproduction involves the production of offspring from a single parent, the genetic material is identical, resulting in genetically identical individuals known as clones.
3. Methods of vegetative reproduction: There are several methods of vegetative reproduction, including:
- Stem cuttings: A portion of the stem is cut and planted, and it develops roots and grows into a new plant.
- Root cuttings: A piece of the root is cut and planted, and it develops shoots and grows into a new plant.
- Leaf cuttings: A leaf is cut and placed in a suitable growing medium, and it develops roots and grows into a new plant.
- Runners and stolons: Specialized stems called runners or stolons grow horizontally above or below the ground and develop new plants at nodes along their length.
4. Advantages of vegetative reproduction: Vegetative reproduction offers several advantages to plants, such as:
- Rapid multiplication of desirable traits.
- Ability to propagate plants that are difficult to reproduce by seed.
- Preservation of genetic characteristics of a desirable plant.
- Production of offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
In conclusion, vegetative reproduction is a type of asexual reproduction in plants, where new individuals are formed from vegetative parts of the parent plant. It does not involve the fusion of gametes or the formation of seeds, resulting in genetically identical offspring.

Spores are the reproductive structures in some fungi and plants. These are tiny structures protected by thick walls to survive unfavorable conditions. 

Yeast cells reproduce by budding.
Budding is a form of asexual reproduction in which a small outgrowth, known as a bud, develops from the parent cell. The bud grows in size and eventually detaches from the parent cell to become a new individual. This process is commonly observed in yeast cells.
Advantages of budding:
- Rapid reproduction: Budding allows yeast cells to reproduce quickly and efficiently, leading to the formation of large colonies in a short period.
- Genetic similarity: The offspring produced by budding are genetically identical to the parent cell, ensuring the preservation of favorable traits.
- Adaptability: Budding allows yeast cells to adapt to changing environmental conditions by producing new individuals that can thrive in different environments.
Other forms of reproduction in yeast:
While budding is the primary mode of reproduction in yeast, there are other methods as well, including:
- Fission: Yeast cells can occasionally divide into two equal-sized cells through a process called fission. This method is less common than budding.
- Spirulation: Spirulation is a rare form of reproduction in yeast, where the cells form spiral structures that eventually separate to become new individuals.
Conclusion:
Yeast cells primarily reproduce by budding, a process where a small outgrowth develops from the parent cell and eventually separates to become a new individual. While other methods like fission and spirulation also exist, they are less common in yeast cell reproduction.

Correct Answer :- a

Explanation : Bulb vegetables are those variety of vegetables that are not eaten directly on their own, rather, they are used in food dishes to enhance the flavour of the food.The best known bulb vegetables are onion, chive, spring onion and garlic. These bulb vegetables are said to be medicinal, especially onion and garlic.

Introduction:
Pollen grains play a crucial role in the reproduction of seed plants. They are responsible for the transfer of male gametes from the anther to the stigma, where fertilization takes place. Understanding the source of pollen grains is essential in comprehending the process of plant reproduction.
The source of pollen grains:
Pollen grains are produced from the male reproductive organ of a flower, known as the anther. The anther is a part of the stamen, which is the male reproductive structure of a flower. Therefore, the correct answer to the given question is none of these (D) because none of the options provided (stigma, ovary, style) are involved in the production of pollen grains.
Process of pollen grain production:
The production of pollen grains occurs within the anther through a process called microsporogenesis. This process involves the development and differentiation of microspore mother cells, which eventually give rise to pollen grains. The microspore mother cells undergo meiosis, resulting in the formation of four haploid microspores. Each microspore then develops into a mature pollen grain, containing the male gametes required for fertilization.
Role of pollen grains:
Once the pollen grains are produced, they are released from the anther and are typically transported by various agents such as wind, water, insects, or animals to the female reproductive structure of a flower, which is the stigma. The pollen grains then germinate on the stigma and form a pollen tube, allowing the male gametes to travel down to the ovary for fertilization.
Conclusion:
In summary, pollen grains are produced from the anther, which is part of the stamen in a flower. They play a crucial role in the transfer of male gametes and the process of plant reproduction.

Unlike the potato, which is a tuber, or thickened stem, the sweetpotato that we eat is the storage root of the plant; an enlarged lateral root. The plant reproduces in three ways: from seed, from the actual storage roots, or from the plant vines. Sweetpotato is cultivated by vegetative propagation.

Reproduction of Ferns

Ferns reproduce through spore formation. This process involves the following steps:

• Spore Production: Ferns produce spores, which are tiny reproductive cells, inside structures called sporangia. Sporangia are usually found on the undersides of fern fronds.


• Spore Dispersal: When the sporangia mature, they release the spores into the environment. Spores can be dispersed by wind, water, or other means.


• Germination: If conditions are favorable, spores can germinate and develop into a new fern. When a spore lands in a suitable environment, it grows into a tiny, heart-shaped structure called a prothallus.


• Prothallus Development: The prothallus is a gametophyte, which is the sexual reproductive stage of the fern life cycle. It produces both male and female reproductive structures.


• Fertilization: Sperm cells produced by the male structures swim through water droplets to reach the eggs produced by the female structures on the prothallus. Fertilization occurs when a sperm cell successfully fertilizes an egg.


• Embryo Development: After fertilization, the fertilized egg develops into a new sporophyte, which is the fern's main vegetative phase. The sporophyte grows into a mature fern with fronds and sporangia, completing the life cycle.

Overall, the reproduction of ferns relies on spore formation and the alternation of generations between the gametophyte and sporophyte stages.

They are non-vascular and reproduce via spores. But the above-ground portion that we think of as a mushroom is actually the equivalent of a fruiting structure, which are produced from underground strands called mycelium. Spores are most often dispersed from slits or tubes underneath the cap.

Bryophyllum develops from buds on the modified leaves. Buds are developed on the leaf margin at notches. These when seperated grow into a new plant. 

The male gamete in plants is called pollengrain.
Explanation:
- The male gamete in plants is the reproductive cell that is involved in fertilization.
- In plants, the male gamete is called the pollengrain.
- The pollengrain is produced in the anther of the flower.
- It contains the male reproductive cells called sperm cells.
- The pollengrain is dispersed by various means such as wind, water, or animals to reach the female reproductive organ of the flower.
- Once the pollengrain reaches the female reproductive organ (pistil) of the flower, it undergoes fertilization to form seeds.
- The pollengrain plays a crucial role in plant reproduction by facilitating the transfer of genetic material from the male parent to the female parent.
- It is important to note that the male gamete in plants is different from the male reproductive structures found in animals such as testis, semen, and penis.
- The male gametes in animals are produced in the testis and are involved in the process of sexual reproduction.

The female gamete in plants is called an egg.
Explanation:
- The female gamete in plants is the reproductive cell that is involved in sexual reproduction.
- In plants, the female gamete is called an egg or an ovum.
- The egg is produced within the ovary of the plant.
- The ovary is a part of the female reproductive organ in plants, which contains the ovules that develop into seeds after fertilization.
- The ovary is analogous to the human ovary, which produces eggs in animals.
- The egg is usually non-motile and is fertilized by the male gamete, which is called pollen in plants.
- Once the egg is fertilized, it develops into a seed, which contains the embryo and is protected by a seed coat.
- The seed is then dispersed and can germinate to form a new plant.
- It is important to note that the female gamete in plants is different from the female reproductive organs in animals, such as the vagina and uterus.

The male part of a flower is called the stamen.
The stamen is the reproductive organ of a flower that produces pollen. It consists of two main parts:
1. Anther: This is the top part of the stamen that contains pollen sacs. The anther is responsible for producing and releasing pollen grains.
2. Filament: This is the long, slender stalk that supports the anther. It holds the anther in a position where it can easily release the pollen.
Other key points to note about the male part of a flower:
- The stamen is part of the androecium, which is the male reproductive whorl of a flower.
- The stamen is typically surrounded by the petals and located inside the flower.
- The number of stamens can vary depending on the flower species. Some flowers have only one stamen, while others have multiple stamens.
- The stamen plays a crucial role in pollination, as it produces pollen grains that are transferred to the female part of the flower for fertilization.
In summary, the male part of a flower is called the stamen, which consists of the anther and filament.

The long stalk in the stamen is called the filament.
The stamen is the male reproductive part of a flower, and it typically consists of two main parts: the anther and the filament. The anther is the part of the stamen that produces and holds the pollen, while the filament is the long, slender stalk that supports the anther.
Here is a detailed explanation of the different options and why the correct answer is the filament:
a. Anther:
- The anther is the top part of the stamen that contains the pollen.
- It is responsible for producing and releasing the pollen grains.
- While the anther is an important part of the stamen, it is not the long stalk.
b. Filament:
- The filament is the long, slender stalk that supports the anther.
- It is responsible for holding the anther in place so that the pollen can be easily accessed by pollinators.
- The filament is usually flexible and can bend to ensure proper pollen dispersal.
c. Pollen tube:
- The pollen tube is a structure that develops after pollination.
- It grows from the pollen grain and serves as a pathway for the sperm cells to reach the ovary for fertilization.
- The pollen tube is not part of the stamen and is not the long stalk.
d. Style:
- The style is a part of the female reproductive organ called the pistil.
- It is a slender, elongated structure that connects the stigma (the receptive part of the pistil) to the ovary.
- The style is not part of the stamen and is not the long stalk.
In conclusion, the correct answer is b. filament, which is the long stalk that supports the anther in the stamen.

The female part of the flower is called the pistil.
The pistil is the reproductive organ of the flower that contains the female reproductive structures. It is made up of several parts, including the stigma, style, and ovary. Each part plays a unique role in the process of reproduction.
The pistil is composed of the following parts:
1. Stigma: The stigma is the sticky, often enlarged, tip of the pistil. Its main function is to receive the pollen grains during pollination.
2. Style: The style is a long, slender tube that connects the stigma to the ovary. It provides a pathway for the pollen tube to grow and allows the pollen to reach the ovary.
3. Ovary: The ovary is the enlarged basal part of the pistil. It contains one or more ovules, which are the structures that develop into seeds after fertilization.
4. Ovules: Ovules are the structures within the ovary that contain the female gametes. They are fertilized by pollen grains, leading to the formation of seeds.
Functions of the pistil:
- The pistil plays a crucial role in reproduction by facilitating the fertilization process.
- The stigma receives pollen grains, which may be transferred by wind, insects, or other pollinators.
- The style provides a pathway for the growth of the pollen tube, which delivers the male gametes to the ovules.
- The ovary protects the developing ovules and seeds and eventually develops into a fruit after fertilization.
In conclusion, the pistil is the female reproductive organ of the flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary. It plays a vital role in the process of reproduction by receiving and facilitating the fertilization of ovules, leading to the development of seeds and fruits.

The rapidly reproducing yeast cells by budding release carbon dioxide due to anaerobic respiration in the dough. Hence the dough rises. 

Gynoecium is the female reproductive part of the flower. The gynoecium consists of one or more separate pistils. A pistil typically consists of three parts namely stigma, style and ovary

Ovary is the expanded basal part, on which lies the elongated tube called the style. The style connects the ovary to the stigma. The stigma is present at the tip of the style and is the receptive surface for pollen grains

Flowers with stamens or roecium and pistils or gynoecium or male and female reproductive organs are called as complete flowers.

Female gametes are present in the ovary.
Female gametes, also known as egg cells or ova, are the reproductive cells produced by female organisms. In plants, the female gametes are produced in the ovary, which is part of the female reproductive structure. Here is a detailed explanation of why the ovary is the correct answer:
1. Ovary:
- The ovary is a part of the female reproductive system in plants.
- It is the organ where the female gametes are produced.
- The ovary contains one or more ovules, which are the structures that contain the female gametes.
2. Stigma:
- The stigma is a part of the female reproductive structure in plants.
- It is the sticky surface at the top of the pistil, which is the female reproductive organ.
- The stigma is not where the female gametes are produced, but it plays a role in receiving pollen for fertilization.
3. Pollen Tube:
- The pollen tube is a structure that develops from the pollen grain in plants.
- It is responsible for delivering the male gametes to the female gametes during fertilization.
- The pollen tube does not contain female gametes itself.
4. Anther:
- The anther is the male reproductive organ in plants.
- It is where the male gametes, also known as pollen grains, are produced.
- The anther does not contain female gametes.
In conclusion, the correct answer is B: ovary. The ovary is the organ in which female gametes are produced in plants. The other options, such as stigma, pollen tube, and anther, are not involved in the production of female gametes.

Male gametes are present in the anther.
Male gametes, also known as pollen, are produced in the anther of a flower. The anther is the male reproductive organ of a flower and is responsible for producing and releasing pollen grains. These pollen grains contain the male gametes, which are necessary for fertilization to occur.
Explanation:
- The anther is located at the top of the filament, which is the stalk-like structure that supports the anther.
- Within the anther, there are numerous pollen sacs, where the male gametes develop.
- Each pollen sac contains pollen mother cells, which undergo meiosis to produce four haploid cells.
- These haploid cells then develop into pollen grains, each of which contains two male gametes.
- When the anther is mature, it releases the pollen grains, which can be transferred to the female reproductive organ of another flower for fertilization to occur.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: anther.