Organization /Bodies/ NGOs - UPSC MCQ

Explanation: Both NGT and CPCB are statutory bodies i.e. established by acts NGT is established by NGT ACT itself where as CPCB, is statutory organisation, was constituted in 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. Hence option 1 is wrong One of the main objectives of establishing NGT:
The Tribunal’s dedicated jurisdiction in environmental matters shall provide speedy environmental justice and help reduce the burden of litigation in the higher courts.
Principal functions of the CPCB, as spelt out in the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, to

1. Promote cleanliness of streams and wells in different areas of the States by prevention, control and abatement of water pollution, and
2. Improve the quality of air and to prevent, control or abate air pollution in the country.

Hence option 2 is correct
Educational Objective: to have knowledge about the functions of various environmental organisations in India.

Explanation: Biodiesel Mission was launched by Government of India in 2007 to encourage the use of biodiesel. Ministry of Rural Development was made as the nodal ministry for the implementation of this mission Government of India has comeup with National Biofuel Policy In 2018.

Educational Objective: To have idea about various policies and Missions of the Government and about their implementation ministries.

Explanation: National Biodiversity Authority.

• Established in 2003 to implement India’s Biological Diversity Act (2002) ·
• Statutory, Autonomous Body
• Headquarters: Chennai, Tamil Nadu

Functions

• The Act covers conservation, use of biological resources and associated knowledge occurring in India for commercial or research purposes or for the purposes of bio-survey and bioutilisation.
• It provides a framework for access to biological resources and sharing the benefits arising out of such access and use. 
• The Act also includes in its ambit the transfer of research results and application for intellectual property rights (IPRs) relating to Indian biological resources.

Educational Objective: to have knowledge about functions and duties of Statutory environmental organisations in India.

Explanation: BNHS is one of the largest nongovernmental organization (NGO) in India engaged in conservation of nature through actionbased research, education and public awareness. Not a government Institution. Hence option 1 is wrong and option 2 is correct It was founded on 15 September 1883 and headquartered at Hornbill House, Mumbai.

• It supports many research efforts through grants and publishes the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society.
• It organizes and conducts nature trails and camps for the general public.(option 3 is correct).
• Department of Science and Technology has designated it as a ‘Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation’. · BNHS is the partner of Bird Life International in India.

Educational Objective: To know about various NGO’s that are working towards the conservation of nature in India and across the world.

Explanation: Both the committees are related to protection of western ghats by declaring Ecologically Sensitive Area. Hence option D is correct.
Educational Objective: to have idea about various committees that are setup to protect the environment and also to have knowledge about important recommendations of those committees

Explanation:
‘National Ganga River Basin Authority’ (NGRBA)
Constituted under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 The Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation (MoWR, RD & GR) is the nodal Ministry for the NGRBA Chaired by the Prime Minister and has as its members the Union Ministers concerned, the Chief Ministers of the States through which Ganga flows (hence option 3 is wrong, by elimination answer is option a)
Functions

• It is a planning, financing, monitoring and coordinating body of the centre and the states.
• Development of a river basin management  plan.
• Regulation of activities aimed at prevention, control and abatement of pollution in Ganga to maintain its water quality
• Maintenance of minimum ecological flows in the river Ganga

Educational Objective: To learn about various initiatives towards the cleaning of River Ganga. Also, about National Ganga Mission.

Animal Welfare Board of India

• It is a statutory body. Established in 1962 under Section 4 of The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act,1960. Hence 1 is wrong
• Under Ministry of Environment and Forests
• HQ Ballabhgarh in Faridabad District
• It is an advisory body It frames a range of rules on how animals ought to be humanely treated everywhere. National Ganga River Basin Authority
• Constituted under Section 3(3) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
• The Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation (MoWR, RD & GR) is the nodal Ministry for the NGRBA
• Chaired by the Prime Minister and has as its members the Union Ministers concerned, the Chief Ministers of the States through which Ganga flows. Hence option 3 is correct

National Tiger Conservation Authority
It is a statutory body under the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change constituted under enabling provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, as amended in 2006, for strengthening tiger conservation, as per powers and functions assigned to it under the said Act. Hence option 2 is correct
Educational Objective: to have knowledge about various environmental organisations that are striving to protect the environment.