Past Year Paper: Animal Tissue- 1 - NEET MCQ

Platelet, also called thrombocyte, colourless, nonnucleated blood component that is important in the formation of blood clots (coagulation). Platelets are found only in the blood of mammals.

Platelets are formed when cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocytes, which are very large cells in the bone marrow, pinch off into the circulation as they age. They are stored in the spleen. Some evidence suggests platelets may also be produced or stored in the lungs, where megakaryocytes are frequently found.

A tendon is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone. Tendons may also attach muscles to structures such as the eyeball. A tendon serves to move the bone or structure. A ligament is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures together and keep them stable.

A mammary gland is a specific type of apocrine gland specialized for manufacture of colostrum when giving birth. Mammary glands can be identified as apocrine because they exhibit striking "decapitation" secretion. Many sources assert that mammary glands are modified sweat glands.

The hematocrit blood test determines the percentage of red blood cells (RBC's) in the blood. Blood is composed mainly of red blood cells and white blood cells suspended in an almost clear fluid called serum. The hematocrit test indicates the percentage of blood by volume that is composed of red blood cells. The condition called "anemia" results from having too few red blood cells. Anemia causes a variety of symptoms. The hematocrit is a basic test that can tell a physician a lot about a person's health.

Main difference in human and frog RBC is human RBC are non-nucleated. Humans don't have a nucleus in their red blood cells, because they need more oxygen than frogs, so their red blood cells eliminated the nucleus to fit more oxygen in. Frogs can breathe under water and in air, so they don't need much oxygen, so their red blood cells didn't eliminate the nucleus. Hence, option A is correct.

Prothrombin is a plasma protein which is converted into thrombin in the presence of thromboplastin released by platelets at the site of injury. The thrombin then converts protein fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin and thus aids in blood clotting.

Neutrophils are most abundant in the blood of rabbit and other vertebrates. During the beginning phase of inflammation, particularly as a result of bacterial infection, environmental exposure, and some cancers, neutrophils are one of the first-responders of inflammatory cells to migrate towards the site of inflammation. They migrate through the blood vessels, then through interstitial tissue, following chemical signals. Neutrophil granulocytes are the most abundant (40% to 75%) type of white blood cells in mammals and form an essential part of the innate immune system.

Sodium oxalate is an anticoagulant thus helps in prevented clotting of blood in test tube.

The shape of RBC's varies in different vertebrates. In mammals, these are normally circular, biconcave and enucleated but there is an exception in camels, where they are oval in shape, biconcave (which gives flexibility and quick diffusion of gases) and nucleated. Hence, option A is correct.

Heparin is a natural anticoagulant produced in the liver and helps in checking the clotting of blood inside blood vessels.

An RBC count is a blood test that measures how many red blood cells (RBCs) you have.

RBCs contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen. How much oxygen your body tissues get depends on how many RBCs you have and how well they work. As the blood moves throughout the body, it circulates about 20 – 30 trillion red blood cells (RBCs). Even a small drop of blood i.e 1.0 mm3, contains 3.6 – 5.0 million RBCs/mm3 in females. Since, the figure provided in Option C fits well in between the normal range of RBC count in females, Hence the answer is Option C. 

The spleen and the thymus are also lymphoid organs of the immune system. The tonsils are lymphoid organs that are also associated with the digestive system. Lymphoid tissues contain lymphocytes, and also contain other types of cells for support.

When a Rh-negative mother is impregnated by a Rh-positive father and is carrying an Rh-positive baby, the foetus Rh antigens will be perceived as foreign invaders in mother's body. It can initiate the protective mechanism that can end up harming the child during second pregnancy and is called as erythroblastosis foetalis. So, A⁺ boy and A^- girl should be avoided in biological marriages. The correct answer is B.

Rh⁺ husband and Rh⁻wife might have 1st baby as Rh⁺. The mixing of Rh+ blood (from the baby) in a Rh⁻mother causes the mother to build up some antibodies in her blood over time against the Rh⁺blood cells. These antibodies may then cross over to the baby through the placenta (afterbirth) and destroy the blood cells of the baby. In the subsequent pregnancies Rh⁺ babies are likely to be affected by the antibodies from the mother. Hence, it is advisable to have not more than one baby in these cases.

Hence, the correct answer is option B.

Colloid osmotic pressure, is a form of osmotic pressure, which is exerted by protein, known as albumin in a blood vessel's plasma (blood/liquid) that usually tends to pull water into the circulatory system.

Haversian canals are a series of microscopic tubes present in the outermost region of bone called cortical bone that lets blood vessels and nerves to pass through them. Harvesian canal gives structure to the body.
So, ans is B skeletal connective tissue.

Basophils of white blood cells are connected with the release of histamine and the natural anticoagulant heparin. Basophils appear in many specific kinds of inflammatory reactions, particularly those that cause allergic symptoms. Basophils contain anticoagulant heparin, which prevents blood from clotting too quickly. They also contain. the vasodilator histamine, which promotes blood flow to tissues. They can be found in unusually high numbers at sites of ectoparasite infection.

Monocytes are lymphocytes are agranulocytes. Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils are the granulocytes. Monocytes are a type of white blood cells. They are the largest of all leukocytes. They are part of the innate immune system of vertebrates including all mammals. They are amoeboid in shape, having clear cytoplasm. Monocytes have bean-shaped nuclei that are unilobar, which makes them one of the types of mononuclear leukocytes (agranulocytes)

The pharynx is lined by both stratified squamous epithelium and ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells. Different regions are lined by a different type of epithelium. Regions of the pharynx that are likely to be roughened up by food are lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

Blood clotting factors are needed for the blood to clot or for coagulation. Prothrombin, or factor II is one of the clotting factors made by the liver. Vitamin K is needed to make prothrombin and other clotting factors.

Thus, the correct answer is option (B).

Most mammalian red blood cells are highly evolved and have lost their nucleus. Unlike typical mammalian red blood cells, those from amphibians, such as frogs, contain a DNA-bearing nucleus that is visible in the center of the cell. all non-mammalian vertebrates have nucleated RBCs.

So, the correct answer is 'Frog'.

ABO blood group system is given by Landsteiner. The ABO system is the most important blood group system in human blood transfusion. According to this blood grouping system, 4 types of blood are present- A, B, AB, O.

There are various theories which are proposed by different scientists on the phenomenon of blood clotting. The theories explain the components involved and the mechanisms involved in blood clotting. According to Best and Taylor's Theory, four components are involved in blood clotting. These are prothrombin, thromboplastin, calcium ions, and fibrinogen. Thromboplastin released from damaged tissues active the prothrombin to thrombin in the presence of calcium ions. The thrombin activates fibrinogen to fibrin which forms the clot. So, there is no involvement of the platelets in clotting according to Best and Taylor's theory.

 

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Collagen is the main structural protein of the various connective tissues in animals. These are secreted by fibroblast cells. It appears, in the form of elongated fibrils is mostly found in fibrous tissues, such as tendons, ligaments and skin. The fibroblast is the most common cell that creates collagen. So, the correct answer is option D.

Haematocrit value gives amount of RBC in blood. The hematocrit is the volume percentage of red blood cells in blood. It is normally 45% for men and 40% for women. It is considered an integral part of a person's complete blood count results, along with hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, and platelet count. Because the purpose of red blood cells is to transfer oxygen from the lungs to body tissues, a blood sample's hematocrit, the red blood cell volume percentage can become a point of reference of its capability of delivering oxygen.

Tendons and ligaments are specialized types of fibrous connective tissue which contains parallel bundle of collagen fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong and rope like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones. Ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons.

Hyaline cartilage has a clear, homogenous, translucent, bluish green matrix. It often contains a good number of very fine collagen fibres, which are difficult to observe. This cartilage is flexible, elastic and compressible.

Ciliated columnar epithelial cells are rectangular in shape and have between 200 to 300 hair-like protrusions, called as cilia. Cells are interconnected via desmosomes and tight junctions. Ciliated columnar epithelial cells are found mainly in the tracheal and bronchial regions of the pulmonary system and also in the fallopian tubes of the female reproductive system.

In bones, Haversian canal system is present. Whereas, cartilage lacks Haversian canal system.