Political Science Mock Test- 3 - Class 9 MCQ

Anti-apartheid activist and former South African president Nelson Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment after being found guilty of sabotaging and planning a violent revolution against the apartheid government in the famous Rivonia Trial.

Apartheid was a political and social system in South Africa during the era of White minority rule.Under the system, the people of South Africa were divided by their race and the different races were forced to live separately from each other. There were laws in place to ensure that segregation was abided by.

Explanation:- During an election, When no party succeeds in securing a clear cut majority, then two or more parties join their hands (form an alliance) to form the government. This type of government is known as Coalition Government.

Number of Constituencies in India for Loksabha Elections

• Total Number: There are a total of 543 constituencies in India for Loksabha elections.


• Representation: Each constituency represents one seat in the Loksabha.


• Distribution: These constituencies are spread across different states and union territories of India.


• Population: The number of constituencies is determined based on the population of each state or union territory.


• Election Process: During Loksabha elections, voters from each constituency elect a Member of Parliament to represent them in the Loksabha.

The Minister of Home Affairs is the head of the Ministry of Home Affairs of the Government of India. The Political Executive. The executive is one of the three key functions of the Parliament. It's role is to implement the laws that have been framed by the legislature and the policies of a government.

The clergy and nobility enjoyed exemption from paying redemption taxes to the state. They had political rights and social status.

The Constitution of South Africa, Indian Constitution was also drawn up under very difficult circumstances. The four circumstances that elaborate the statement

(i) At that time, the people of India were emerging from the status of a subject to that of citizens. The country was born through a partition on the basis of religious differences. It was an extremely traumatic experience for the people.

(ii) The British rulers had left it to the rulers of the princely states to decide whether to merge with India or with Pakistan or remain independent.

(iii) The future of the nation did not look very secure at that time. The makers of the Constitution had anxieties about the present and the future of the country.

(iv) There were sharp differences of opinion about the path the country should take after attaining freedom.

In August 1947, British India won its independence from the British and split into two new states that would rule themselves. The new countries were India and Pakistan. East Pakistan has since become Bangladesh. This was a very important moment in history.

Explanation:

• Garibi Hatao: This slogan was famously given by the Indian National Congress during the 1971 general elections in India. It focused on the eradication of poverty.


• Save Democracy: This slogan is a common theme in many political campaigns, emphasizing the importance of protecting democratic values and institutions.


• Land to the tiller: This slogan was given during the West Bengal Assembly elections in 1977. It was used by the Left Front, led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist), to advocate for land reforms and redistribution of land to the farmers.


• Protect the self-respect of the Telugus: This slogan is specific to the Telugu-speaking population and may have been used in regional elections or movements.

After two years of discussion and debate they came out with one of the finest constitutions the world has ever had. This constitution gave to its citizens the most extensive rights available in any country. Together, they decided that in the search for a solution to the problems, nobody should be excluded, no one should be treated as a demon.

It is not necessary that all countries that have c... moreonstitution are democratic. For ex. in french revolution, France was declared a constitutional monarchy but not democratic.

What can be done in case of infringement of rights in a democracy?
In a democracy, there are several actions that can be taken in case of infringement of rights. These actions include:
1. Approaching courts:
- Citizens have the right to approach the judiciary to seek legal remedies and protection of their rights.
- They can file a petition or complaint in the appropriate court to address the infringement of their rights.
- The court will review the case, hear both sides, and make a judgment based on the law and evidence presented.
2. Seeking legal assistance:
- Citizens can hire or seek legal assistance from lawyers who specialize in human rights or constitutional law.
- These lawyers can guide individuals in understanding their rights and legal options, as well as represent them in court if necessary.
3. Petitioning representatives:
- Citizens can contact their elected representatives, such as members of parliament or congress, to raise their concerns and demand action.
- They can write letters, emails, or make phone calls to express their grievances and request their representatives to address the infringement of rights.
4. Participating in peaceful protests and demonstrations:
- Citizens can exercise their right to freedom of expression and assembly by organizing or participating in peaceful protests and demonstrations.
- This can help raise awareness about the infringement of rights and put pressure on the government to take action.
5. Engaging in advocacy and awareness campaigns:
- Citizens can work together with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) or human rights groups to advocate for the protection of rights.
- They can organize campaigns, workshops, and seminars to raise awareness about rights and educate others on their importance.
6. Utilizing social media and online platforms:
- Citizens can use social media platforms, blogs, and other online channels to voice their concerns and mobilize support.
- They can share information, stories, and evidence of rights infringement to create public awareness and put pressure on authorities to take action.
It is important to note that the specific actions and strategies may vary depending on the nature of the infringement, the legal system of the country, and the available resources. However, the fundamental principle is that citizens have the right to fight for the protection of their rights in a democracy.

General Election:

• Definition: A general election is an election held in all constituencies at the same time after every five years.


• Significance: It is a crucial event in a democratic system where eligible voters choose their representatives to serve in various legislative bodies.


• Scope: General elections are held at national, state, and local levels, depending on the country's political structure.


• Process: During a general election, eligible voters cast their votes for candidates running for various positions, such as President, Prime Minister, Members of Parliament, or State Legislatures.


• Outcome: The outcome of a general election determines the composition of the government and the policies that will be implemented over the next term.

The government is responsible for providing free and compulsory education to all the children up to the age of 14 years.
Explanation:
To provide a detailed solution, let's break down the key information and explain it further:
1. Government responsibility:
- The government has the responsibility to ensure that education is accessible to all children.
- It is the duty of the government to provide education to children as a fundamental right.
2. Free education:
- The education provided by the government should be free of cost.
- Children should not have to pay any fees to attend school.
3. Compulsory education:
- Education is compulsory for all children.
- Children are required to attend school for a certain number of years.
4. Age limit:
- The government is responsible for providing free and compulsory education to all children up to a specific age.
- In this case, the age limit is 14 years.
Therefore, the correct answer is D: 14 years.

The President is the Head of the State in India. But he is only a nominal head. The powers and functions of the President are actually exercised by the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister.

A legislature is a deliberative assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city. Legislatures form important parts of most governments; in the separation of powers model, they are often contrasted with the executive and judicial branches of government.

RTI stands for Right to Information. Right toInformation is a part of fundamental rights under Article 19(1) of the Constitution. Article 19 (1) says that every citizen has freedom of speech and expression. The Central Right to Information Act came into force on the 12^th October, 2005.

The Government of Nepal  is an executive body and the central government of Nepal. Prior to the abolition of the Nepali monarchy in 2008, it was officially known as His Majesty's Government.

The head of state is the President and the Prime Minister holds the position of the Head of executive. The role of President is largely ceremonial as the functioning of the government is managed entirely by the Prime Minister who is appointed by the Parliament.

The heads of constitutional bodies are appointed by the President on the recommendation of the Constitutional Council, with the exception of the Attorney General, who is appointed by the President on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.

General Pervez Musharraf led a military coup in pakistan in 1999. Later, he changed his designation to President. IN 2002, he issued a 'Legal Frame Work Order' which amended the Constitution of Pakistan. According to this Order, the President could dismiss the national or provincial assemblies. It was after passing this law that the elections were held to the national and provincial assemblies. People elected their representatives, but Pakistan was not a democratic country because the provincial and  national assemblies elected by people did not had much powers. Final power rested with military officers and General Musharraf. He also had the right to dismiss these assemblies. 

The new Constitution was an attempt to form a new country based on equality and harmony.

Some of the important Features of the South African Constitution are as follows:
a. Right to privacy, so that citizens or their home cannot be searched, their phone cannot be trapped, their communication cannot be opened.
b. Right to an environment that is not harmful to their health or wellbeing.
c. Right to have access to adequate housing.

The correct option is D  as 
a)Creates a sense of factionalism
b)Parties use dirty tricks to win elections
Are the demerits of electoral competition .
 

The Lok Sabha the Lower house of the Indian Parliament comprising of elected represented and the Vidhan Sabha is the state legislative assembly comprised of the legislatures elected by the voters. Elections for Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha are usually held after every five years.
However, if the ruling party loses the majority, the President dissolves the House and calls for fresh elections. Likewise, if the state government loses the majority, the Governor dissolves the state assembly and calls for fresh polls.
 

The President of India is the head of state and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces whilst the elected Prime Minister acts as the head of the executive, and is responsible for running the Union government.The real executive power is thus vested in the Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister as its head. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the House of the People (Lok Sabha). Every State has a Legislative Assembly. Certain States have an upper House also called the State Legislative Council.

The president of India is the ceremonial head of state of India and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces.

The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) is a multilateral treaty that recognizes and protects various human rights. It sets out the rights of individuals to economic, social, and cultural development.
Among the options provided, the right to accumulate wealth is not seen as a standard of human rights by the ICESCR.
Here is a breakdown of the options and their status as human rights recognized by the ICESCR:
A. Right to social security and insurance: This right is recognized by the ICESCR. It ensures that individuals have access to social security benefits and insurance coverage to protect them against various risks and ensure their well-being.
B. Right to health: This right is also recognized by the ICESCR. It includes the right to access healthcare services, facilities, and essential medicines without discrimination.
C. Right to accumulate wealth: This right is not recognized as a standard of human rights by the ICESCR. While individuals have the right to work, earn a living, and participate in economic activities, the ICESCR focuses more on ensuring a fair distribution of wealth and addressing poverty rather than emphasizing the accumulation of wealth.
D. Right to adequate standard of living: This right is recognized by the ICESCR. It encompasses various aspects such as access to food, clothing, housing, and other essentials necessary for a decent life.
In conclusion, the option C, the right to accumulate wealth, is not seen as a standard of human rights by the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

Young India was a weekshed - a weekly paper or journal - in English published by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi from 1919 to 1931.

The preamble to the Constitution declares India to be a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic and a welfare state committed to secure justice, liberty and equality for the people and for promoting fraternity, dignity of the individual and unity and integrity of the nation.

The right to seek the enforcement of all Fundamental Rights is called the Right to Constitutional Remedies. Here is a detailed explanation:
Right to Constitutional Remedies:
- The Right to Constitutional Remedies is enshrined in Article 32 of the Indian Constitution.
- It is considered as one of the most important Fundamental Rights because it guarantees the protection and enforcement of all other Fundamental Rights.
- This right allows individuals to approach the Supreme Court or High Courts directly to seek a remedy if their Fundamental Rights are violated.
- It ensures that citizens have the power to seek justice and enforce their rights against any violation, whether by the government or any other entity.
- The right to constitutional remedies acts as a safeguard against arbitrary actions and provides a mechanism for individuals to seek redressal for any injustice or violation of their rights.
- It empowers citizens to challenge any law, order, or action that infringes upon their Fundamental Rights and seek appropriate legal remedies.
- The Supreme Court and High Courts have the authority to issue writs, orders, or directions to enforce Fundamental Rights and provide relief to the aggrieved parties.
- This right ensures that the rule of law is upheld and that citizens have access to justice and a fair legal system.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C: Right to Constitutional Remedies.

Judicial review encompasses the power of judiciary to review actions of legislative and judiciary thus enshrining the principle of Rule of Law and maintaining separation of power principle at the grassroots level.Thus, the main frame within which the judiciary limits are circumscribed consist of judicial review of administrative and legislative actions and scrutinizing several constitutional amendments in the light of constitutional provisions thereby protecting the sanctity of the Constitution and protecting the fundamental rights of the citizens.

Parliament has the final authority for making laws in a country. It can make new laws, change or abolish the existing law and make new one in there place.