Popular Struggles And Movements - Olympiad Level MCQ, Class 10 SST - Class 10 MCQ

Result of Bolivia Water War:
The result of the Bolivia Water War was that the water contract with the multinational corporation (MNC) was cancelled and the water supply was restored to the municipality at old rates. Here are the key points explaining the result:
1. Background:
- The Bolivia Water War took place in the year 2000 in Cochabamba, Bolivia.
- The government had privatized the water supply system by granting a contract to an MNC, which resulted in significant increases in water rates.
2. Public Protests:
- The decision to increase water rates led to widespread protests and demonstrations by the local population.
- The protesters were mainly farmers, indigenous communities, and urban residents who were unable to afford the higher water rates.
3. Government Response:
- Initially, the government resisted the protests and even declared a state of emergency.
- However, the protests continued to escalate, and the government eventually had to negotiate with the protesters.
4. Cancellation of Water Contract:
- As a result of the negotiations, the government decided to cancel the water contract with the MNC.
- This meant that the control of the water supply system was returned to the municipality.
5. Restoration of Water Supply:
- With the cancellation of the contract, the water supply was restored to the municipality.
- The old water rates were reinstated, providing relief to the local population.
6. Impact:
- The Bolivia Water War is considered a significant victory for the people of Bolivia.
- It highlighted the power of grassroots movements in challenging privatization and defending the rights of the community.
In conclusion, the result of the Bolivia Water War was the cancellation of the water contract with the MNC and the restoration of water supply to the municipality at old rates, providing relief to the local population.

Commonalities in the Struggles in Nepal and Bolivia:

1. Mass Mobilization: Both the struggles in Nepal and Bolivia involved a significant level of mass mobilization. This means that large numbers of people actively participated in protests, demonstrations, and other forms of collective action to voice their grievances and demand change.

2. People's Involvement: In both cases, the struggles were driven by the active involvement of the people. Ordinary citizens, students, workers, indigenous groups, and various other sections of society came together to raise their voices against perceived injustices and to fight for their rights.

3. Demand for Change: The struggles in Nepal and Bolivia were fueled by the demands of the people for change. They were protesting against existing political, social, and economic systems that they believed were unfair, corrupt, or oppressive. The protesters sought to bring about reforms and improvements in these areas.

4. Unfulfilled Demands: Unfortunately, in both cases, the demands of the people were not fully fulfilled. Despite the mass mobilization and people's involvement, the desired outcomes were not achieved. This could be due to various factors such as government resistance, lack of political will, internal divisions among the protesters, or other challenges.

It is important to note that while both struggles involved mass mobilization and unfulfilled demands, it does not necessarily mean that violence was common in both cases. The use of violence can vary depending on the specific context and tactics employed by the protesters.

Pressure Groups:
Pressure groups are organizations or associations that aim to influence public policy and decision-making. They represent the interests of specific sections of society and seek to promote their causes and objectives. In this question, we are asked to identify the statement that is not true about pressure groups.
A. They are directly engaged in party politics:
This statement is not true. Pressure groups are distinct from political parties. While they may take a political stance and try to influence political decision-making, they do not directly engage in party politics. Their focus is on advocating for their specific issues rather than participating in the electoral process or seeking political power.
B. They take a political stance:
This statement is true. Pressure groups often take a political stance on the issues they are advocating for. They may support or oppose certain policies or candidates based on their objectives and interests.
C. They organize protests:
This statement is true. Pressure groups often organize protests, demonstrations, and other forms of public action to draw attention to their causes and put pressure on policymakers to address their concerns.
D. They try to gain public support:
This statement is true. Pressure groups aim to gain public support for their causes. They engage in activities such as public awareness campaigns, lobbying, and media outreach to mobilize public opinion in their favor.
Therefore, the correct answer is A. They are directly engaged in party politics, which is not true about pressure groups.

The demand of the Seven-Party Alliance during the strike in Kathmandu:
- Restoration of the Parliament: The Seven-Party Alliance demanded the restoration of the Parliament, which had been dissolved by King Gyanendra in February 2005.
- All-party government: The Alliance demanded the formation of an all-party government, where power would be shared among the political parties, rather than being concentrated in the hands of the King.
- Formation of a new Constituent Assembly: The Alliance called for the formation of a new Constituent Assembly, which would be responsible for drafting a new constitution for Nepal.
- Fight against Maoist insurgents: This option was not a demand of the Seven-Party Alliance during the strike in Kathmandu. While the Alliance sought to address the issues raised by the Maoist insurgency, their primary focus was on restoring democracy and political stability in the country.
Therefore, option B - "To fight against the Maoist insurgents" was not a demand of the Seven-Party Alliance during the strike in Kathmandu.

When did Nepal first win democracy?
The correct answer is option C: 1990.
Explanation:
Nepal first won democracy in 1990. Here is a detailed explanation of the events leading to this milestone:
1. Background: Nepal was ruled by a monarchy for centuries. The Shah dynasty held absolute power, and political parties were banned.
2. Democracy Movement: In the late 1940s and early 1950s, a democratic movement began to gain momentum in Nepal. People started demanding political reform and the establishment of a democratic system.
3. 1951 Revolution: In 1951, a popular uprising known as the 1951 Revolution led to the overthrow of the Rana oligarchy, a powerful ruling elite. The revolution paved the way for the end of the autocratic Rana regime.
4. Constitutional Monarchy: After the revolution, Nepal became a constitutional monarchy with King Tribhuvan as the head of state. The new government introduced a parliamentary system, although the king still held significant power.
5. Panchayat System: In 1960, King Mahendra staged a coup and dissolved the parliament, imposing a partyless political system called the Panchayat system. Under this system, the king ruled with the help of appointed councils at various levels.
6. Democracy Movement of 1990: In the late 1980s, a mass pro-democracy movement began to challenge the Panchayat system. The movement demanded the restoration of multiparty democracy and civil liberties.
7. People's Movement: The democracy movement gained momentum in 1990, with widespread protests and strikes across the country. The movement culminated in the signing of the 1990 People's Movement Accord between the king and the leaders of various political parties.
8. Restoration of Democracy: As a result of the People's Movement Accord, King Birendra agreed to reinstate multiparty democracy in Nepal. Political parties were legalized, and Nepal held its first democratic elections in 1991.
In conclusion, Nepal first won democracy in 1990 after a long history of monarchy and autocratic rule. The democracy movement of that time led to the restoration of multiparty democracy and marked a significant turning point in Nepal's political history.

Not a Good Argument in Favor of Democracy:
- D: Democracies are more prosperous than others.
- This statement is not a strong argument in favor of democracy because the level of prosperity in a country is influenced by various factors such as natural resources, economic policies, education, infrastructure, and stability, rather than just the political system.
- There are examples of non-democratic countries that have achieved significant economic prosperity, such as Singapore and China, which have implemented successful economic policies despite not being democratic.
- On the other hand, there are also democracies that struggle with economic challenges, inequality, and corruption.
- Therefore, using economic prosperity as a sole argument in favor of democracy may not be accurate or comprehensive.
Good Arguments in Favor of Democracy:
- A: People feel free and equal in democracy.
- Democracy provides citizens with the freedom to express their opinions, participate in decision-making processes, and choose their representatives through fair elections.
- It promotes equality by ensuring that every citizen has an equal voice and opportunity to participate in the political system.
- B: Democracies resolve conflicts in a better way than others.
- Democracies provide a platform for peaceful resolution of conflicts through dialogue, negotiation, and compromise.
- The presence of multiple political parties and the ability to freely express opinions allow for diverse perspectives to be heard and considered, leading to more inclusive and consensus-based decision-making.
- C: Democratic government is more accountable to the people.
- In a democracy, governments are accountable to the citizens through regular elections and mechanisms such as checks and balances, separation of powers, and independent judiciary.
- The accountability of the government ensures that it acts in the best interest of the people and can be held responsible for its actions.
Overall, the arguments in favor of democracy include the principles of freedom, equality, conflict resolution, and accountability, which contribute to a more inclusive and participatory political system. However, economic prosperity alone should not be used as the sole indicator of the effectiveness or superiority of a democratic system.

A democratic government is:

• Accountable: A democratic government is accountable to the people it governs. It is responsible for its actions and decisions and must answer to the citizens for its policies and performance.


• Responsive: A democratic government is responsive to the needs and concerns of the people. It listens to the voices of the citizens and takes their opinions and feedback into consideration when making decisions.


• Legitimate: A democratic government derives its power from the consent of the governed. It is recognized as a legitimate authority by the people and operates within the framework of established laws and institutions.

Therefore, the correct answer is D, all of the above. A democratic government is accountable, responsive, and legitimate, making it a comprehensive and inclusive form of governance.

Explanation:
Sectional interest groups promote the interests of a particular group. Here is a detailed explanation of each option:
A: Public interest groups
- Public interest groups promote the interests of the general public and advocate for policies that benefit society as a whole.
- They do not focus on the interests of a specific group.
B: Political parties
- Political parties represent a broad range of interests and ideologies.
- They aim to gain political power and implement their party's agenda, which may include policies that benefit specific groups, but their focus is not solely on one particular group.
C: Sectional interest groups
- Sectional interest groups advocate for the interests of a specific group, such as labor unions, industry associations, or professional organizations.
- They work to protect and advance the interests of their members and may engage in lobbying, public campaigns, or legal actions to achieve their goals.
D: Government
- The government represents the interests of the entire country and its citizens.
- While it may enact policies that benefit specific groups, its primary responsibility is to serve the common good and ensure the well-being of all citizens.
Based on the above explanations, the option that promotes the interest of a particular group is C: Sectional interest groups.

Element not shared by the movement of Nepal and struggle in Bolivia:
- Option C: It was about the foundation of the country's politics
Explanation:
- Option A: A political conflict that led to popular struggle - Both the movement in Nepal and the struggle in Bolivia involved political conflicts that led to popular struggles. In Nepal, there was a movement for democracy and political rights, while in Bolivia, there was a struggle for indigenous rights and against neoliberal policies.
- Option B: The struggle involved mass mobilisation - Both the movement in Nepal and the struggle in Bolivia involved mass mobilization of people. In Nepal, there were mass protests and demonstrations, and in Bolivia, there were widespread protests and strikes.
- Option D: It involved the critical role of political organization - Both the movement in Nepal and the struggle in Bolivia involved the critical role of political organizations. In Nepal, political parties and organizations played a key role in mobilizing people and coordinating the movement, while in Bolivia, indigenous organizations and social movements played a crucial role in organizing the struggle.
The only option that is not shared by the movement of Nepal and struggle in Bolivia is option C, which states that it was about the foundation of the country's politics. While the movement in Nepal was indeed about political rights and democracy, it was not specifically about the foundation of the country's politics. Similarly, the struggle in Bolivia was primarily focused on indigenous rights and neoliberal policies, rather than the foundation of the country's politics.

Democracy evolves through:

A: Popular struggles

• Popular struggles play a crucial role in the evolution of democracy.


• They involve the participation of the common people in demanding their rights and raising their voices against injustice.


• These struggles can take the form of protests, demonstrations, strikes, or any other nonviolent means.


• Through popular struggles, people express their grievances and demand changes in policies and laws.


• They help in creating awareness among the masses and mobilizing public opinion.


• Popular struggles also contribute to the growth of political consciousness and active citizenship.

B: Elections and political parties

• Elections are a fundamental aspect of democracy.


• They provide an opportunity for the people to choose their representatives and participate in the decision-making process.


• Elections ensure that power is transferred from one government to another in a peaceful and orderly manner.


• Political parties play a crucial role in elections as they provide a platform for individuals to contest and represent the interests of different sections of society.


• Political parties also help in shaping public opinion, formulating policies, and holding the government accountable.


• Elections and political parties promote political competition and ensure the representation of diverse opinions and interests.

C: Pressure groups

• Pressure groups are organizations or associations that aim to influence the government and its policies.


• They represent specific sections of society and work towards promoting their interests.


• Pressure groups exert pressure on the government through various means such as lobbying, protests, petitions, etc.


• They play a significant role in shaping public opinion and influencing policy decisions.


• Pressure groups provide a platform for citizens to voice their concerns and participate in the democratic process.


• They act as a check on the government and ensure that the interests of different sections of society are taken into account.

D: Social differences

• Social differences, such as caste, religion, gender, and economic disparities, are an integral part of any society.


• Democracy evolves by addressing and reducing these social differences.


• Through the principles of equality, justice, and inclusivity, democracy strives to create a society where everyone has equal rights and opportunities.


• Efforts are made to ensure that social differences do not become a barrier to political participation and representation.


• Democracy promotes social harmony and encourages the active participation of all sections of society in the decision-making process.


• By addressing social differences, democracy evolves towards a more inclusive and equitable society.

In conclusion, democracy evolves through popular struggles, elections and political parties, pressure groups, and addressing social differences. These elements contribute to the growth and development of democracy by ensuring active participation, representation, and the protection of rights and interests of the people.

Background:
In the year 1990, Nepal underwent a significant political change that resulted in the adoption of a new form of government. Prior to this, Nepal was ruled by a monarchy, which had been in power for centuries. The movement for democracy gained momentum in the late 1980s, leading to a series of protests and negotiations between the government and opposition parties. Eventually, a new system of government was established.
Adoption of Democratic Government:
In 1990, Nepal adopted a democratic form of government, marking a significant shift from the monarchy. This transition was a result of the popular movement for democracy, known as the Jana Andolan, which demanded political reforms and the establishment of a democratic system.
Key Features of the Democratic Government:
The democratic government adopted in Nepal in 1990 had several key features:
1. Multi-Party System: The new government allowed for the formation and functioning of multiple political parties, ensuring a diverse and competitive political landscape.
2. Constitutional Monarchy: Although the monarchy remained as a ceremonial institution, the real power was vested in the elected representatives and the democratic institutions.
3. Separation of Powers: The government followed the principle of separation of powers, with the executive, legislative, and judicial branches functioning independently.
4. Fundamental Rights and Freedoms: The democratic government guaranteed fundamental rights and freedoms to its citizens, including freedom of speech, press, and expression.
5. Regular Elections: The government upheld the practice of regular elections, allowing citizens to elect their representatives at various levels of governance.
6. Rule of Law: The democratic government emphasized the rule of law, ensuring that all individuals, including those in power, were subject to the law and accountable for their actions.
Significance of the Democratic Government:
The adoption of a democratic form of government in Nepal in 1990 was a significant milestone in the country's history. It marked the end of absolute monarchy and the beginning of a more inclusive and participatory political system. The establishment of democratic institutions and practices allowed for greater political representation, freedom of expression, and protection of human rights. It also paved the way for further political reforms and the eventual transition to a federal democratic republic in 2008.

The pressure group that seeks to promote collective good is a Public Interest Group.
Public Interest Groups are organizations formed to promote the common good and advocate for issues that affect the general public. They work towards advancing policies and initiatives that benefit society as a whole, rather than focusing on specific sectional interests. Here are some key points that explain why Public Interest Groups seek to promote collective good:
1. Advocacy for Public Issues: Public Interest Groups work towards addressing and advocating for important public issues such as environmental protection, consumer rights, social justice, and civil liberties.
2. Representation of Public Concerns: These groups represent the concerns and interests of the general public and strive to ensure that the collective voice is heard and considered in decision-making processes.
3. Policy Development: Public Interest Groups engage in research, analysis, and policy development to propose and promote solutions that benefit society as a whole. They work towards creating a positive impact on public policies and legislation.
4. Public Awareness and Education: Public Interest Groups play a vital role in raising public awareness about various social, environmental, and economic issues. They educate the public and mobilize support for collective action.
5. Coalition Building: These groups often collaborate with other organizations, individuals, and communities to build alliances and strengthen collective efforts to address public concerns effectively.
6. Non-Profit and Non-Partisan: Public Interest Groups are generally non-profit and non-partisan, focusing on the common good rather than specific political or economic interests.
It is important to note that while Public Interest Groups aim to promote collective good, they may differ in their specific focus and approach depending on the issues they address.

Answer:
The king of Nepal who refused to accept democratic rule was King Gyanendra. Here are the details:
Background:
- Nepal was ruled by a monarchy for many years.
- In 1990, a pro-democracy movement led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the introduction of multi-party democracy in Nepal.
King Gyanendra's Reign:
- King Gyanendra ascended the throne in 2001 after a tragic incident where King Birendra and most of the royal family were killed.
- In 2002, King Gyanendra dismissed the elected government and took full control of the country.
- He believed that the political parties were corrupt and incapable of governing effectively.
King Gyanendra's Autocratic Rule:
- King Gyanendra dissolved the parliament and assumed absolute power.
- He suspended civil liberties, imposed strict censorship, and cracked down on political dissent.
- The king's autocratic rule faced widespread opposition from the political parties and the general public.
People's Movement of 2006:
- In 2006, a massive people's movement known as the "April Revolution" took place, demanding an end to the king's rule and the restoration of democracy.
- The movement was successful, and the king was forced to give up his autocratic power.
- The monarchy was eventually abolished, and Nepal became a federal democratic republic.
In conclusion, King Gyanendra of Nepal refused to accept democratic rule and ruled the country autocratically. However, he was eventually overthrown by a popular movement demanding the restoration of democracy.

Explanation:
The correct answer is D: Pressure groups contest elections to hold power in the government.
Here are the characteristics of people movement:
A: They try to influence government policies
- People movements aim to bring about change in government policies or decisions.
- They mobilize public support and put pressure on the government to address their concerns.
B: Pressure groups are formed when people with a common occupation come together.
- Pressure groups are formed by individuals or organizations with a shared interest or concern.
- They work together to promote their common interests and influence government decisions.
C: Pressure groups have a common objective to achieve.
- Pressure groups have a specific goal or objective that they work towards.
- This could be related to social, economic, environmental, or political issues.
D: Pressure groups contest elections to hold power in the government
- This statement is not a characteristic of people movement.
- Pressure groups typically do not contest elections to hold power in the government.
- Their main focus is on influencing government policies and decisions through advocacy and public pressure.
In summary, while pressure groups may engage in various activities to achieve their objectives, contesting elections to hold power in the government is not a characteristic of people movement.

Public Interest Groups and Their Aim

A public interest group is an organization that works to promote the common good and address issues that affect the general public. These groups advocate for policies and actions that benefit society as a whole. The aim of a public interest group is to promote:

• Collective Good: Public interest groups strive to promote the well-being and welfare of the entire society, rather than serving the interests of a specific group or individual.

It is important to note that public interest groups work towards the common good, which may involve advocating for specific policy changes or taking action to address social, environmental, or economic issues that impact society as a whole.

By focusing on the collective good, public interest groups aim to create a fair and just society that benefits everyone. They work to ensure that the voices of the public are heard and that policies and decisions are made in the best interest of the community.

Aim of the Popular Movement of Nepal in April 2006

• Restoration of democracy: The main aim of the popular movement in Nepal in April 2006 was to restore democracy in the country. The movement aimed to end the autocratic rule of King Gyanendra and reinstate a democratic system of governance.

Context of the Popular Movement

• King Gyanendra's autocratic rule: King Gyanendra had seized power in 2005, dissolving the elected Parliament and assuming direct control over the government. His rule was marked by a suppression of political freedoms and human rights.


• Protests and opposition: The people of Nepal, along with political parties and civil society organizations, opposed the autocratic rule and took to the streets in large numbers to demand the restoration of democracy.

Key Events and Outcomes

• April uprising: In April 2006, a series of protests and demonstrations took place across Nepal, with the people demanding an end to the autocratic rule and the restoration of democracy.


• Joint people's movement: The popular movement was a joint effort by various political parties, civil society organizations, and the general public. It gained momentum and widespread support throughout the country.


• King's response: In response to the intense pressure from the popular movement, King Gyanendra announced the restoration of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the Parliament, and invited political parties to form a government.


• Peaceful transition: The popular movement in April 2006 resulted in a peaceful transition of power, with the reinstatement of democracy in Nepal. The movement was a significant milestone in the country's history, leading to the formation of a new government and the drafting of a new constitution.

In conclusion, the aim of the popular movement in Nepal in April 2006 was the restoration of democracy, which was successfully achieved through the joint efforts of the people, political parties, and civil society organizations. The movement played a crucial role in ending the autocratic rule of King Gyanendra and paving the way for a democratic system of governance in Nepal.

FEDCOR is the example of Sectional interest group

Here is a detailed explanation:

• FEDCOR refers to the Federation of Chamber of Commerce and Industry.


• Sectional interest group represents the collective interests of a specific section or profession within society.


• FEDCOR represents the interests of various chambers of commerce and industry, which are professional bodies representing specific industries or sectors.


• As a sectional interest group, FEDCOR advocates for policies and legislation that benefit its member industries and sectors.


• They work to protect and promote the economic interests of their members, such as lobbying for favorable trade policies, tax reforms, and regulations that support their respective industries.


• Sectional interest groups like FEDCOR play a crucial role in representing and advancing the interests of their members, often through collective bargaining and negotiation with the government and other stakeholders.

Therefore, based on the given information, FEDCOR can be classified as a sectional interest group.

The political party that came to power in Bolivia in 2006 was the Socialist Party. Here is a detailed explanation:
Background:
In the early 2000s, Bolivia experienced significant political and social unrest, marked by protests and demands for economic and social reforms. Evo Morales, a former coca farmer and indigenous leader, emerged as a prominent figure in the country's political landscape, representing the interests of indigenous communities and advocating for social justice.
The Rise of the Socialist Party:
1. Evo Morales founded the Movement for Socialism - Political Instrument for the Sovereignty of the Peoples (MAS-IPSP) in 1997, which became the main political party representing the socialist and indigenous movements in Bolivia.
2. In the 2005 presidential elections, Morales ran as the MAS-IPSP candidate and gained significant support from Bolivians who felt marginalized by previous governments.
3. Morales won the election with a majority of votes and assumed office as the President of Bolivia in January 2006.
Key Policies and Achievements:
1. Under Morales' leadership, Bolivia underwent significant political and economic transformations.
2. The government pursued a socialist agenda, focusing on the redistribution of wealth, nationalization of key industries, and the empowerment of indigenous communities.
3. Morales implemented various social programs aimed at reducing poverty, improving healthcare, and expanding access to education.
4. The government also introduced constitutional reforms that recognized the rights of indigenous peoples and promoted their participation in political decision-making processes.
5. Morales remained in power for three consecutive terms, serving as the President of Bolivia until 2019.
Conclusion:
In 2006, the Socialist Party, represented by Evo Morales and the MAS-IPSP, came to power in Bolivia. Their socialist agenda and focus on indigenous rights and social justice marked a significant shift in the country's political landscape.

Explanation:
Public interest groups are organizations that advocate for the betterment and well-being of members of a particular group or society as a whole. They work towards promoting the collective good and representing the interests of a specific section in society. These groups aim to advance the common interests and address issues that affect a large number of people.
The correct option is D: Promotion of collective good.

Background:
In 2006, Nepal witnessed an extraordinary popular movement that brought about significant changes in the country's political landscape. This movement, known as the "Nepalese Revolution," had several key objectives and outcomes. Among the given options, the most accurate description of the movement's impact is:
Restoration of democracy:
The correct answer is "C: Restoration of democracy." The popular movement in Nepal in 2006 aimed to restore democracy in the country, marking a significant shift from the previous monarchical system. The movement, driven by various political parties, civil society groups, and citizens, sought to overthrow the authoritarian rule of King Gyanendra and reinstate democratic governance.
Key points:
1. Overthrow of authoritarian rule: The popular movement aimed to oust King Gyanendra, who had seized power in 2005 and suspended democratic institutions.
2. Reinstatement of democratic governance: The movement called for the restoration of democracy and the establishment of a democratic system that would respect the rights and aspirations of the Nepalese people.
3. Peaceful protests and mass mobilization: The movement involved widespread protests, strikes, and demonstrations across the country, with a significant number of people participating in these activities.
4. Negotiations and political agreements: As a result of the popular movement, political negotiations took place, leading to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in November 2006. This agreement paved the way for a transition to a democratic republic.
5. End of monarchy and establishment of a republic: Ultimately, the movement led to the abolition of the monarchy in Nepal and the establishment of a federal democratic republic in 2008, with the election of the Constituent Assembly.
Overall, the extraordinary popular movement that emerged in Nepal in 2006 resulted in the restoration of democracy and the significant transformation of the country's political system.

Explanation:
Sectional interest groups are organizations that represent the interests of a specific section or group of society. In this context, the correct statement regarding sectional interest groups is:
They aim to help groups other than their own members.
Here's a breakdown of the options and why they are incorrect:
- Option A: Sectional interest groups do not necessarily promote collective goods, as their focus is on advancing the interests of their specific section or group.
- Option B: While the betterment and well-being of their members are important to sectional interest groups, their primary focus is on advancing the interests of their specific section or group, rather than society as a whole.
- Option D: Sectional interest groups do seek to promote the interests of a particular sector or group of society, which is why this statement is incorrect.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option C: They aim to help groups other than their own members.

Answer:

An organised group which seeks to influence the government's decision is called a/an:

Pressure group

• Pressure groups are organizations formed by individuals with common interests and goals.


• They aim to influence public policy and government decisions through lobbying and other forms of advocacy.


• Pressure groups can represent various interests, including business, labor, environmental, social, and cultural.


• They seek to influence government decisions by raising awareness, mobilizing public support, and putting pressure on policymakers.


• Pressure groups use various tactics such as lobbying, public demonstrations, media campaigns, and legal actions to achieve their goals.

Other options:

Interest group

• An interest group is a broader term that includes pressure groups.


• Interest groups are organizations that seek to promote and protect the common interests of their members.


• They can include both pressure groups and other types of associations, such as professional associations and trade unions.

Sectional interest group

• A sectional interest group represents the interests of a specific section or group of society.


• It focuses on advocating for the specific needs and concerns of its members.


• Sectional interest groups may include organizations representing specific professions, industries, or demographic groups.

Political party

• A political party is an organized group of people who share similar political views and goals.


• Unlike pressure groups, political parties aim to gain political power by contesting elections and forming governments.


• Political parties have a broader focus on governing and implementing policies rather than solely influencing government decisions.

Overall, while all the options are related to influencing government decisions, the most appropriate term for an organized group seeking to influence the government's decision is a "pressure group."

Statement Analysis:
A: King Gyanendra, the new king of Nepal, was not prepared to accept democratic rule.
B: Nepal witnessed an extraordinary popular movement in April 2001.
C: On 24th April, king Gyanendra conceded to all the demands of SPA.
D: Girija Prasad Koirala was chosen as the new prime minister of the interim government.
Explanation:
Among the given statements, the statement "Nepal witnessed an extraordinary popular movement in April 2001" is not true about Nepal.
Here's a breakdown of each statement:
A: King Gyanendra, the new king of Nepal, was not prepared to accept democratic rule.
- This statement is true. King Gyanendra was not prepared to accept democratic rule, which led to a popular movement in Nepal.
B: Nepal witnessed an extraordinary popular movement in April 2001.
- This statement is not true. There was no extraordinary popular movement in Nepal in April 2001.
C: On 24th April, king Gyanendra conceded to all the demands of SPA.
- This statement is true. On April 24th, King Gyanendra conceded to all the demands of the Seven Party Alliance (SPA).
D: Girija Prasad Koirala was chosen as the new prime minister of the interim government.
- This statement is true. Girija Prasad Koirala was chosen as the new prime minister of the interim government after the popular movement.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: Nepal did not witness an extraordinary popular movement in April 2001.

Year of Extraordinary Political Movement in Nepal

Answer: 2006

Explanation:

• Nepal witnessed an extraordinary political movement in the year 2006.


• This movement was known as the People's Movement or the April Revolution.


• The movement aimed to restore democracy in Nepal, which was under the rule of King Gyanendra.


• The movement was led by various political parties, civil society organizations, and the general public.


• The movement involved massive protests, strikes, and civil disobedience against the autocratic rule of the king.


• After weeks of protests and violence, King Gyanendra was forced to reinstate the dissolved parliament and restore democracy in Nepal.


• This movement marked a significant turning point in Nepal's political history and led to the establishment of a democratic republic in the country.

Therefore, the extraordinary political movement in Nepal took place in the year 2006.

Organisation of Bolivia comprising local professionals, engineers, and environmentalists:

Background: The question asks about an organization in Bolivia that is composed of local professionals, engineers, and environmentalists. We need to identify this organization from the given options.

Options:

A: BAMCEF

B: FEDECOR

C: SPA

D: NAPM
Analysis:
To find the correct answer, we need to analyze each option:
BAMCEF: BAMCEF (the All India Backward (SC, ST, OBC) and Minority Communities Employees Federation) is an organization in India that focuses on the upliftment of backward communities. It is not related to Bolivia and does not comprise local professionals, engineers, and environmentalists.
FEDECOR: FEDECOR (Federación Departamental de Cooperativas de Riego) is a federation of irrigation cooperatives in Bolivia. It comprises local professionals, including engineers, and environmentalists. This organization matches the given criteria and is the most likely answer.
SPA: SPA (Society for the Protection of Animals) is a generic term used for animal welfare organizations. It does not specifically mention local professionals, engineers, and environmentalists.
NAPM: NAPM (National Alliance of People's Movements) is an organization in India that works on various social and environmental issues. It is not related to Bolivia.
Conclusion: Amongst the given options, the organization that best matches the description of comprising local professionals, engineers, and environmentalists is FEDECOR. Therefore, the correct answer is B: FEDECOR.

Pressure groups that seek to promote collective good include:
1. Public interest groups:
- Public interest groups work towards advocating for policies and reforms that benefit the general public.
- They focus on issues such as environmental protection, consumer rights, human rights, and social justice.
- Examples of public interest groups include Greenpeace, Amnesty International, and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU).
2. Movement groups:
- Movement groups are formed to address specific social or political issues and bring about collective change.
- They aim to mobilize public support and create awareness about their cause.
- Examples of movement groups include the civil rights movement, feminist movement, and LGBTQ+ rights movement.
3. People's groups:
- People's groups are formed by individuals who come together to advocate for their rights and interests.
- They often represent marginalized or disadvantaged communities and aim to address social and economic inequalities.
- Examples of people's groups include labor unions, indigenous rights organizations, and community-based organizations.
Therefore, the correct answer is Public interest group (B), as they specifically work towards promoting the collective good and welfare of the general public.

Distinctions between Pressure Groups and Political Parties

False distinction: Pressure groups are least concerned with the people while parties fully depend on the people.

True distinctions:

- Parties take political stances, while pressure groups do not bother about political issues.
- Political parties have a clear ideology and take positions on various political issues.
- Pressure groups, on the other hand, focus on specific interests or causes and may not have a comprehensive political agenda.
- Pressure groups are confined to a few people, while parties involve a large number of people.
- Pressure groups are usually formed by individuals or organizations with a specific interest or cause.
- Political parties, on the other hand, aim to represent a broad range of people and therefore involve a larger number of members and supporters.
- Pressure groups do not seek to get into power, while political parties do.
- Pressure groups primarily aim to influence the government's policies and decisions without directly seeking political power.
- Political parties, however, participate in elections, seek to form a government, and hold political power.
Overall, the false distinction is that pressure groups are least concerned with the people while parties fully depend on the people. Both pressure groups and political parties have their own objectives and ways of functioning, and their level of concern for the people varies depending on their specific goals and priorities.

The city of Cochamamba is related to the issue of Bolivia's water war. Here is a detailed explanation:
Bolivia's Water War:
- The city of Cochamamba, located in Bolivia, was the epicenter of a major conflict known as the "Bolivia's Water War" in 2000.
- The issue arose when the Bolivian government, under pressure from international organizations like the World Bank, decided to privatize the water supply in Cochabamba, including the city of Cochamamba.
- The water supply was handed over to a consortium led by the multinational company Bechtel, which raised water prices significantly.
- This led to widespread protests and civil unrest in Cochamamba, as the local population, largely made up of poor and marginalized communities, could not afford the steep increase in water prices.
- The protests escalated into violent clashes between demonstrators and security forces, resulting in injuries and deaths.
- Eventually, the government was forced to cancel the contract with the multinational consortium and return control of the water supply to public hands.
Therefore, the city of Cochamamba is closely associated with the issue of Bolivia's water war.

Who plays a decisive role in making laws for a country?

Answer: B - Parties

Explanation:

• Leaders: While leaders play an important role in shaping laws, they are not the sole decision-makers in the legislative process.


• Parties: Political parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country. They propose and support legislation, and their members in the government represent their party's interests and ideologies.


• Voters: Voters indirectly influence the law-making process by electing representatives who belong to specific parties and support certain policies.


• Constituencies: Constituencies refer to the geographical areas represented by elected officials. While constituencies can have an influence, they do not have a direct role in making laws.

In conclusion, while leaders, voters, and constituencies have some influence in the law-making process, it is political parties that play a decisive role in proposing, supporting, and enacting laws for a country.

Interest Groups
Interest groups are organizations that seek to influence public policy and promote the interests of a particular group of people or industry. They play an important role in democratic societies by representing the concerns and demands of their members to policymakers.
Types of Interest Groups
There are various types of interest groups, including:
1. Public Interest Groups:
- Public interest groups advocate for policies and issues that benefit the general public or society as a whole.
- Their focus is on promoting the common good and addressing issues such as environmental protection, human rights, and consumer rights.
2. Sectional Interest Groups:
- Sectional interest groups represent the specific interests of a particular section or group of society.
- They aim to protect and advance the interests of their members, such as trade unions representing workers, business associations representing businesses, and professional bodies representing professionals in a specific field.
3. Movement Groups:
- Movement groups are often associated with social or political movements and advocate for broader social or political change.
- They may focus on issues like civil rights, gender equality, or environmental justice.
4. Pressure Groups:
- Pressure groups are interest groups that actively seek to influence policymakers and public opinion to achieve their goals.
- They use various tactics, such as lobbying, public demonstrations, and media campaigns, to pressure decision-makers.
The Correct Answer
The correct answer to the given question is:
B: Sectional Interest Group
Trade unions, business associations, and professional bodies are examples of sectional interest groups as they represent the specific interests of a particular section or group in society.