Previous Year Papers - Indian Polity - 6 - UPSC MCQ

The Secretary General of the Lok Sabha is the administrative head of the Lok Sabha Secretariat. He/she is appointed by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. The post of Secretary General is of the rank of the Cabinet Secretary in the Government of India, who is the senior most civil servant to the Indian Government.

The President has the power to summon and prorogue either House of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha. When the term, dissolution of Parliament is used, it only means the Lok Sabha, the House of the People, the Lower House of Parliament.

Parliament comprises the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha, the Council of States, the Upper House. The first and third have fixed terms of five and six years respectively, the Lok Sabha has a term of five years but can be dissolved earlier.

In order to get formal recognition in either upper or lower houses, the concerned party must have at least 10% of the total strength of the house. A single party has to meet the 10% seat criterion, not an alliance.

UP with 80 seats is followed by Maharashtra with 48 seats, West Bengal with 42 seats and Bihar with 39 seats.
So, the correct option would be Option B.

In case of a deadlock between the two houses or in a case where more than six months lapse in the other house, the President may summon a joint session of the two houses which is presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha and the deadlock is resolved by simple majority. Until now, only three bills: the Dowry Prohibition Act (1961), the Banking Service Commission Repeal Bill (1978) and the Prevention of Terrorism Bill (2002) have been passed at joint sessions.

The Estimates Committee, constituted for the first time in 1950, is a Parliamentary Committee consisting of 30 Members, elected every year by the Lok Sabha from amongst its Members. The Chairman of the Committee is appointed by the Speaker from amongst its members. A Minister cannot be elected as a member of the Committee and if a member after his election to the Committee, is appointed a Minister, he ceases to be a member of the Committee from the date of such appointment.
 

Rajya Sabha enjoys certain special powers compared to Lok Sabha which are as follows:

to empower Parliament to make laws in respect of any matter enumerated in the State List in the national interest by adopting a resolution to this effect (article 249);

 to create All India Services (article 312); and

to approve Proclamations (issued under articles 352, 356 and 360)

if the Lok Sabha stands dissolved or the dissolution of the Lok Sabha takes place within the period allowed for the approval of the Proclamation by Parliament.

The money bill originates only in the Lok Sabha. No money bill can be introduced in the Lok Sabha without the prior approval of the president.

Article 358 protects both legislative and executive action taken after the proclamation of emergency. National emergency is caused by war, external aggression or armed rebellion in the whole of India or a part of its territory. Such an emergency was declared in India in 1962 (Indo-China war), 1971 (Indo-Pakistan war), and 1975 (declared by Indira Gandhi to escape conviction). In such an emergency, Fundamental Rights of Indian citizens can be suspended. The six freedoms under Right to Freedom are automatically suspended. However, the Right to Life and Personal Liberty cannot be suspended according to the original Constitution. It modifies the federal system of government to a unitary one.

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Correct Answer:D

President’s Rule refers to the suspension of a state government and the imposition of direct rule of the Centre. The central government takes direct control of the state in question and the Governor becomes its constitutional head. A state of emergency can be declared in any state of India under article 356 on the recommendation of the governor of the state. ... The state of emergency is commonly known as 'President's Rule'

The role of judiciary is to safeguard the rights of the citizens. Liberty being one of the rights of the citizens bold and impartial judiciary is most important safeguard of liberty.
For the safeguard of liberty, it is necessary that Judiciary should be independent. It should be free from the control of the Executive.

The correct option is C.
The Indian Constitution adopted the Judicial Review on lines of the U.S. Constitution. ... Article 372 (1)4 establishes the judicial review of the pre-constitution legislation. Article 13 5declares that any law which contravenes any of the provisions of the part of Fundamental Rights shall be void.