Psychology: CUET Mock Test - 1 - CUET MCQ

Both statements are correct.

• Statement 1: Talent refers to exceptional ability in a specific domain, such as music or mathematics, while giftedness indicates broader intellectual or creative potential across multiple areas. Thus, talent is a narrower term than giftedness.
• Statement 2: Intellectually gifted individuals demonstrate superior performance, such as in academics or problem-solving, due to their high cognitive potential.

Key Points:

• Talent is domain-specific (e.g., musical talent, athletic talent), while giftedness is a general trait of high ability.
• Gifted individuals often excel in standardized tests, creative tasks, or complex problem-solving due to their exceptional potential.

Additional Information :

• The study of giftedness was advanced by Lewis Terman, who in 1925 began tracking children with high IQs to explore their long-term outcomes.

The correct answer is Both 1 and 2.
Key Points
Group Polarisation 

• We know that important decisions are taken by groups and not by individuals. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• Groups show another tendency referred to as ‘group polarisation’. 
• It has been found that groups are more likely to take extreme decisions than individuals alone. Hence statement 2 is correct.

Hence option 3 is correct.

Neither statement is incorrect.

• Statement 1: Emotional intelligence (EI) is accurately defined as a set of skills involving the accurate appraisal, expression, and regulation of emotions, as established in psychological research (e.g., perceiving and managing emotions effectively).
• Statement 2: EI enables individuals to process emotional information accurately and efficiently, such as interpreting others’ feelings or responding appropriately in social contexts.

Key Points:

• Emotional intelligence encompasses skills like recognizing, understanding, and managing emotions.
• Efficient processing of emotional information is a core component of EI, aiding in social interactions and decision-making.

Additional Information:

• Emotional Quotient (EQ) is a term used to quantify emotional intelligence, similar to how IQ measures cognitive intelligence.

The correct answer is A - 2, B - 3, C - 4, D - 1
Key Points
Phengophobia

• Intense fear of the sunshine/daylight is known as Phengophobia.
• The name originates from the Greek word ‘phengo’ meaning sunshine/light and ‘Phobos’ meaning fear.
• It is a type of a specific phobia with concentrated levels of anxiety.
• Anxiety, if intensified, can also cause full-blown panic attacks.
• Someone suffering from this type of specific phobia is not only fearful of being exposed to the sunshine/daylight, but just the thought of it can induce fear.
• Sufferers are afraid of getting skin cancer, skin allergies, or photo aging.
• Mostly, people who have been treated for skin cancer or hypochondriasis are likely to develop Phengophobia.

The symptoms of Phengophobia are as follows: 

• Extreme anxiety when exposed to sunshine/daylight.
• Extreme anxiety when thinking about being exposed to sunshine/daylight
• Inability to control anxiety
• Full-blown panic attacks
• Avoiding sunshine/daylight 
• Muscle tension
• Increased heartbeat

Ochlophobia

• Ochlophobia refers to the fear of crowds. 
• This phobia is characterized by unreasonable thoughts and behaviors that are out of proportion to the real threat in a situation.
• If you have ochlophobia, you are unable to explain your fear and feel helpless to control it.

Physical Symptoms

• Blacking out, Dilated pupils
• Dizziness, Headache
• Heart palpitations, Increased heart rate
• Muscle tension, Nausea, Panic attack
• The sensation of being suffocated

Cognitive Symptoms

• Brain fog, Depersonalization
• Feeling angry, Feeling desperate
• Negative thoughts

Achluophobia

• Achluophobia is the fear of darkness. 
• This phobia is known by a variety of other names, including nyctophobia and scotophobia.
•  It can cause long-lasting fear of darkness or being in the dark as it's a common phobia for children.
• Sometimes it emerges in response to a specific event or trauma, with the patient fearing a repeat of the event.
•  In other cases, it seems to appear spontaneously, reflecting a subconscious fear which has become more pronounced.

Symptoms of Achluophobia

• Sweating
• Increased heart rate
• Nausea
• High blood pressure, intense fear,
• Confusion

Oneirophobia

• Oneirophobia is the fear of dreams.
• First originated in The Dream Frontier, written by Mark Blechner, a neuro-psychoanalyst at the William Alanson White Institute.
• The fear is suffered commonly due to having nightmares or dreams affecting their normal lives.
• Sufferers would try everything to avoid sleep, like watching television, and movies, playing video games, reading books, newspapers, and magazines, exercising, and making conversations.
• Oneirophobia can be treated by for example talk therapy, which is used to teach that dreams are just elusive images made by the brain while sleeping.

The correct answer is Option 4,
Key Points

• There are four major effects of stress associated with the stressed state, viz. emotional, physiological, cognitive, and behavioural.
• 
  

Thus, the correct matching is:

A - I, B - II, C - III, D - IV

Correct Answer: d) A - I, B - II, C - III, D - IV 

The correct answer is Option 2.
Key Points

Hence Option 2 is correct.

The correct answer is option 2.
Key Points

• Alfred Binet: His theory of intelligence is called Uni or one-factor theory of intelligence
• Charles Spearman proposed a two-factor theory of intelligence employing a statistical method called factor analysis.
• J.P. Guilford proposed the structure of intellect model which classifies intellectual traits among three dimensions: operations, contents, and products. Hence option 2 is correct.

The correct answer is option 3.
Key Points

• Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences. 
• According to him, intelligence is not a single entity; rather distinct types of intelligence exist. Each of these intelligence are independent of each other. 
• Robert Sternberg (1985) proposed the triarchic theory of intelligence. Sternberg views intelligence as “the ability to adapt, to shape and select the environment to accomplish one’s goals and those of one’s society and culture”.
• Planning, Attention-arousal, and Simultaneous-successive (PASS) Model of Intelligence This model has been developed by J.P. Das, Jack Naglieri, and Kirby (1994). According to this model, intellectual activity involves the interdependent functioning of three neurological systems, called the functional units of brain. These units are responsible for arousal/attention, coding or processing, and planning respectively. Hence option 3 is correct.

The avoidance hyper oriented strategy aims at avoiding stressful events by indulging in different activities. Individual does not want to accept that he is facing such a stressful situation.

Answer: A The capacity to learn, understand, and apply knowledge to solve problems

Frustration results from the blocking of needs and motives by something or someone that hinders us from achieving a desired goal. There could be several causes of frustration, such as social discrimination, interpersonal hurt, or low grades in school. Conflicts arise between two or more incompatible needs, such as choosing between studying dance or psychology. Internal pressures stem from expectations we place on ourselves.

The term "eustress" was coined by endocrinologist Hans Selye, derived from the Greek prefix eu- meaning “good” and stress, literally meaning “good stress.” It refers to beneficial stress that motivates and enhances performance.

All these are types of leukocytes but B-cells are responsible for production of antibodies. T-cells destroy invaders and increase immunological activity. Natural Killer cells are responsible for fighting against tumours and viruses.

As Cognitive Therapy suggests, repeated occurrence of negative thoughts leads to the development of feelings of anxiety and depression. The therapist uses gentle questioning and does non-threatening disputation of the client's beliefs and thoughts. Examples of such question would be, "Why should everyone love you?", "What does it mean to you to succeed?", etc. The questions make the client think in a direction opposite to that of the negative automatic thoughts whereby s/he gains insight into the nature of her/his dysfunctional schemas and is able to alter her/his cognitive structures.

The correct answer is B: Rational Emotive Therapy (RET).
Key Points:

RET, developed by Albert Ellis, targets irrational beliefs (e.g., needing universal approval) by challenging them to reduce emotional distress.

Explanation:

CBT (A) addresses negative thoughts but is broader than RET’s focus on irrational beliefs.

Behaviour therapy (C) focuses on actions, not beliefs.

Logotherapy (D) emphasizes meaning, not cognitive restructuring.

The therapy provides a warm relationship in which the client can reconnect with her/his disintegrated feelings. The therapist shows empathy, i.e. understanding the clients experience as if it were her/his own, is warm and has unconditional positive regard, i.e., total acceptance of the client as s/he is.

Many psychologists have stated that abnormal is simply a label given to a behavior deviant from social expectations.

Exorcism, i.e., removing the evil that resides in the individual through countermagic and prayer, is still commonly used.

Through the shaman, an afflicted person can learn which spirits are responsible for her/his problems and what needs to be done to appease them.

Galen elaborated on the role of the four humours (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile) in determining personal character and temperament. He linked these humours to the four elements (earth, water, air, fire) and their balance in the body.

The main difference here is between minority influence and conformity. While the former refers to being persuaded by a minority group, conformity can be defined as coming into line with majority attitudes and behaviours.
In principle, conformity can be based on normative influence or informational influence: the former is social influence based on the need to be accepted and approved of by other group members, and the latter social influence is based on acquiring new information from other group members, which is accepted as evidence about reality.

These results suggest that ‘production blocking’ is indeed an important factor explaining the inferiority of interactive brainstorming groups. This suggests that it may be more effective to ask group members to develop their ideas separately, and only then have these ideas expressed, discussed and evaluated in a subsequent joint meeting (see Delbecq, van de Ven & Gustafson, 1975).

Values are core beliefs about what is right or wrong. The belief in selfless help reflects a value, guiding how a person acts rather than a mere attitude or belief.

Prejudice refers to a negative attitude towards a group, often based on stereotypes. It involves cognitive and emotional components but not necessarily behaviour.

A stereotype is a generalized belief about a group of people. The belief that people with glasses are intelligent is a stereotype, as it involves oversimplified assumptions based on appearance.

Attitudes are learned, not inherited. The assertion is true, but the reason is incorrect as attitudes are acquired through social interaction, not biological inheritance.

Answer: B
Solution:
The correct answer is Carl Jung.
Key Points:

Carl Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist, introduced the personality dimensions of introversion (inward-focused) and extroversion (outward-focused) in his theory of psychological types.

These concepts are foundational to modern personality psychology.

Perhaps the most commonly used projective techniques are the Rorschach, the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), figure drawings, and sentence completion tests. The Rorschach consists of a set of inkblots to which the respondent provides responses.

In psychoanalytic theory, a defence mechanism (American English: defence mechanism), is an unconscious psychological operation that functions to protect a person from anxiety-producing thoughts and feelings related to internal conflicts and outer stressors.

According to Friedman and Rosenman, persons like Anupam belong to Type-A personality. Such people, according to them, are prone to hypertension and chronic heart diseases.