REET Level 2 Mock Test - 9 (Science and Mathematics) - REET MCQ

'Lev Vygotsky', a Soviet psychologist, has propounded the "Socio-cultural Theory". This theory implies the idea that social interaction plays a crucial role in the development of learners' cognitive ability. 
In Vygotsky's view, the above-mentioned kind of support is called 'scaffolding' as it refers to a process through which:

• required assistance is given to children according to their individual needs.
• temporary support is imparted to the children to enhance their learning skills.
• individualized support is provided to children to increase their learning boundaries.

So, it could be concluded that in Vygotsky's view, the above-mentioned kind of support is called 'scaffolding'.

• Abstract thinking is the ability to think about objects, principles, and ideas that are not physically present. It is a great way to generate new ideas and gain new insights during any problem-solving process.
• Peer tutoring refers to the learning process where fellow students teach each other. In this strategy, a higher-performing student is paired with a lower-performing student to teach specific skills.
• Generalization refers to the tendency to have conditioned responses caused by related stimuli.

In a class individual learners differ from each other in terms of rate of development.
The rate of development of an individual child is different from that of another child. This principle is known as the ‘principle of individual differences’. For instance, some children may learn to walk in 8 months, while some may take more than a year to start walking. 
It is important for teachers to know variables such as physical characteristics, intelligence, perception, gender, ability, learning styles, which are individual differences of learners. An effective and productive learning-teaching process can be planned by considering these individual differences of students.

A review of a book on government schemes is not appropriate to take knowledge of primary sources.
Primary Sources: A source will be considered as a primary source in case it carries newly generated information, original work of research, or a new interpretation of already known facts. The document is the first and often the only published record of original research. The information contained in primary sources is generally scattered and unorganized.

The opaque projector, epidioscope, epidiascope or episcope is a device which displays opaque materials by shining a bright lamp onto the object from above. A system of mirrors, prisms and/or imaging lenses is used to focus an image of the material onto a viewing screen. Because they must project the reflected light, opaque projectors require brighter bulbs and larger lenses than overhead projector.

Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation are the two types of motivation. Students that are intrinsically driven have a natural drive to complete their assignments. Students who are driven by external rewards are extrinsically motivated.

'विज्ञान' में 'वि' उपसर्ग है।
'ज्ञान' मूल शब्द में 'वि' उपसर्ग जुड़कर 'विज्ञान' शब्द बना है।
उपसर्ग उस शब्दांश या अव्यय को कहते है, जो किसी शब्द के पहले आकर उसका विशेष अर्थ प्रकट करता है।

भाषा अधिग्रहण: यह मानव मस्तिष्क की जन्मजात क्षमता के कारण मूल या दूसरी भाषा सीखने की अवचेतन प्रक्रिया को संदर्भित करता है।

• यह एक प्राकृतिक प्रक्रिया है जिसके तहत बच्चे अपने मूल वातावरण की प्राकृतिक वातावरण में जो कुछ सुनते हैं उसे देखकर और दोहराकर भाषा सीखते हैं।
• भाषा अधिग्रहण के लिए किसी औपचारिक निर्देश की आवश्यकता नहीं होती है, बच्चे बिना पढ़ाए ही भाषा सीख लेते हैं। यह एक स्वाभाविक प्रक्रिया है, इसलिए व्यक्ति अपनी मातृभाषा को नहीं भूलता है।

इस प्रकार, यह निष्कर्ष निकाला जा सकता है कि एक बच्चा प्राकृतिक वातावरण में अपनी पहली भाषा सीखता है।

बोधगम्य निवेश- समझ विकसित करने के लिए उपयोग में लायी जाने वाली विभिन्न प्रकार की सामग्री को बोधगम्य निवेश कहते है I
स्टीफन क्रैशन भाषा विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में एक विशेषज्ञ हैं, जो भाषा अधिग्रहण और विकास के सिद्धांतों में विशेषज्ञता रखते हैं। उन्होंने द्वितीय भाषा अधिग्रहण का सिद्धांत दिया जो व्यापक रूप से जाना जाता है और अच्छी तरह से स्वीकार किया जाता है।
i + 1  पहले से भाषाई क्षमता और अतिरिक्त भाषाई ज्ञान हासिल कर लेने को दर्शाता है, परिकल्पना का दावा है कि समृद्ध परिवेश की अन्तःक्रिया से समझ या भाषाई क्षमता में आयी वृद्धि बालको के समझ स्तर से थोड़ा उच्च हो सकती है। 
भाषा के अधिग्रहण के लिए 'बोधगम्य निवेश' महत्वपूर्ण और आवश्यक घटक है।
बोधगम्य निवेश परिकल्पना को प्राकृतिक क्रम परिकल्पना के संदर्भ में पुन: स्थापित किया जा सकता है उदाहरण के लिए, यदि हम एक रैखिक क्रम (1, 2, 3 ...) में भाषा के नियमों को प्राप्त करते हैं , तो i अंतिम नियम या बालक के स्तर के अनुरूप सीखा भाषा ज्ञान है, और 'बोधगम्य निवेश' बालक के स्तर से थोड़ा ऊपर भाषा के अवसर की उपलब्धता को दर्शाता है। हालांकि,
इस बात पर जोर दिया जाना चाहिए कि कोई भी निवेश पर्याप्त नहीं है; प्राप्त निवेश बोधगम्य होना चाहिए।  
जब पर्याप्त बोधगम्य निवेश (इनपुट) प्रदान किया जाता है, तो i + 1 उपलब्ध होता है ।
यदि भाषा मॉडल और शिक्षक बालको के एक स्तर ऊपर के बोधगम्य निवेश प्रदान करते हैं, तो वे उन संरचनाएँ को सीखने के लिए पर्याप्त रूप से तैयार होते है, जो उनके स्तर से थोड़ा ऊपर है।
अतः निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि एक शिक्षार्थी अपने संज्ञानात्मक स्तर से एक सोपान ऊपर के अपठित गद्यांश की समालोचनात्मक सराहना द्वारा अपनी पठन क्षमता प्रदर्शित करती है। यह बोधगम्य निवेश के अधिक निकट है।
अतः विकल्प (A) सही  है।

• शाम का सजीव चित्रण करने के लिए मोर की आवाज़ को अनुपयुक्त माना जा सकता है।
• क्योंकि मोर की आवाज़ सिर्फ़ शाम को ही नहीं सुबह भी सुनाई देती है।
• दूसरा मोर की आवाज़ मधुरता का प्रतीक है जबकि कविता में मोर की आवाज से प्रकृति में घटनाओं का परिवर्तन को दर्शाया गया है।

कवि ने पद्यांश में लिखा है कि:-

• कवि ने लिखा है कि अगर आपके मन में बादल देखने के बाद कालिदास की बजाय किसान की तस्वीर आती है तो उस समय कालिदास से क्षमा मांग लेना चाहिए।
• इसे कवि ने कालिदास कि रचना मेघदूतम के बारे में याद करते हुए कहा है। 
• साहित्य जगत में बारिश और मेघ के आने से प्रायः मेघदूतम को जोड़ा जाता है। 

'बुभुक्षित' शब्द के लिए वाक्यांश 'जो अत्यधिक भूखा हो' है। शेष विकल्प असंगत हैं। अतः सही विकल्प 'जो अत्यधिक भूखा हो' है।

Let's look at the meaning of the words; given and marked: 

• Unfold- make (something) visible by uncovering it.
  Example: Nature unfolds his creativity in helping me get success. 
• Conceal- to hide
  Example: He tried to conceal the money when his mother came.
• "Conceal" is the opposite of "unfold".

Hence, the correct answer is "option 2"

In the communicative classroom, a learner acquires the grammar of second language to understand how to make meaning and become more proficient in speaking and writing. In the communicative competence model, the purpose of learning grammar is to learn the language of which the grammar is a part. Teachers should teach grammar forms and structure in relation to meaning and use.

The poem addresses a daughter.
The line "With misty eyes I ask, Where's my little girl?" indicates that this poem is addressed to a girl and from the last line of the poem, we come to know that the author is the mother of that 'little girl'. So, it is a poem written by a mother for her daughter.

• According to the passage, ‘This can be done by upgrading employee-skillset with the following skills for the requirement of future roles: Leadership, Information technology, Management and Soft skills’.
• The following has also been mentioned under the title of Soft skills: ‘There will be areas where people to people interaction, human relationships, and networking will still matter, hence soft skills such as communication, social and behavioural, cognitive and emotional intelligence would be expected from the employees.’
• Therefore, we can infer that all the three options 1,2 and 3 are correct.

Thus, the correct asnwer is Option 4.

All of us have had the experience as students in the school of finding certain topics taken up in class ‘difficult’. 

• In some cases, a sensitive and resourceful teacher provides special help in various ways to help learners overcome such difficulties fairly quickly so that they could keep up with the others.
• In other less happy cases, the difficulty and lack of understanding were overcome only much later “ in remedial lessons, but sometimes never at all. This happens over and over again to many students at all levels.

Reasons behind challenges of teaching language:

• This is because there is a mismatch between what the teaching plan for the topic assumes as available prior knowledge and what individual students actually have.
• This is a problem that always comes up when a standard syllabus is covered according to a fixed calendar and learners are not ready for the given lesson.
• If they do not learn as expected, it is because of this inadequate preparation, and not because of low learning capacity
• The standard syllabus for any subject is based on certain logical and reasonable assumptions. The syllabus for Class V builds on the Class IV syllabus, and the Class VI syllabus builds on what is in the Class V syllabus, and so on.
• The problem in the classroom arises because every child has not properly learned or mastered everything covered earlier. Teachers often do some revision before taking up a new topic. This is of course useful, but may not be enough.

So, it could be concluded that 'this is the problem of low learning capacity and learners' ignorance which could be improved by drill and practice exercise' is not one of the best possible reasons behind the above-mentioned challenge of teaching language.

Learning disability refers to a neurological disorder that causes cognitive impairment. Dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, etc. are the most common learning disability.

A textbook is a tool to be used in the teaching process to facilitate effective learning. A good English textbook should primarily provide comprehensible inputs to develop a good understanding of the concept for better academic outcomes.
Qualities of a good textbook of English:

• Comprehensible inputs.
• Age-appropriate materials.
• Adequate subject matter.
• Use of suitable language.
• Interesting and attractive.
• Use of appropriate vocabulary. 

Hence, we conclude that a good English textbook should primarily provide comprehensible inputs.

Listening is the process of receiving messages from oral, verbal, and nonverbal communication and interpreting the same. It is necessary here to differentiate between hearing and listening. Hearing is receiving the sounds through the ears without evaluation and interpretation.

Given:
The total simple interest got in Rs 500 in 8 years and Rs 300 in 16 years is Rs 1100
The rate of interest is the same for both cases.
Formula used:
Simple Interest (SI) = (Principal (P) × Rate of interest (R) × Time (T)) / 100
Calculation:
Let, the rate of interest be R
As per the question,
1100 = (500 × R × 8) / 100 + (300 × R ×16) / 100
⇒ 1100 = (4000 × R) / 100 + (4800 × R) / 100
⇒ 1100 = (40 × R + 48 × R) 
⇒ 88R = 1100
⇒ R = 1100 / 88
⇒ R = 100 / 8
⇒ R = 12.5 %
∴ The rate of interest is 12.5 %

Water is a poor conductor of electricity since its molecules do not have free electrons to travel and thus transfer current.

Area of trapezium = (1/2) x  (Sum of parallel sides) x Distance between the parallel sides
720 = 0.5 x (35 + y) x 20
72 = 35 + y
y = 72 - 35
y = 37 m

Given:
The height of the tank = 10 m
The length of the tank = 20 m
The width of the tank = 15 m
Formula used:
The surface area of the cuboid = 2 × (ab + bc + ca)     Where, a = The length of the cuboid, b = The width of the cuboid and c = The height of the cuboid
Calculation:
Let us assume the total cost of the plastering be X
⇒ The total surface arae of the tank = 2 × (20 × 15 + 15 × 10 + 10 × 20) = 2 × (300 + 150 + 200) = 650 × 2 = 1300 m2
⇒ The surface for plastering = 1300 - (15 × 20) = 1000 m2
⇒ The cost of the plastering of the tank = 1000 × 0.80 = 800 rupees
∴ The required result will be 800. 

• An ammeter has very little resistance so that it passes maximum current through it.
• An ammeter is a device, which used to measure current in a circuit in the milliampere or microampere range.
• As it requires the maximum pass of current through the ammeter to measure the current correctly, the resistance is kept very low in it.
• It is attached in series of the circuit.

Let the measure of ∠C = x
Measure of ∠B = 2x
∠A = 90°
x + 2x + 90° = 180°
3x = 180° - 90°
x = 90° ÷ 3 = 30°

Given:
M1 = 10, D1 = 16 DAYS, M2 = 8.
Formula used:
M1D1T1W2 = M2D2T2W1 (where, M1, M2 = number of men, D1, D2 = number of days, T1, T2 = time, W1, W2 = amount of work done)
Calculations:
According to problem,
10 × 16 = 8 × D2
⇒ D2 = (10 x 16)/8
⇒ D2 = 10 × 2
⇒ D2 = 20 days.
∴ The answer is 20 days.

Let the polygon has 'n' sides.
So, (n - 2)180º = 1440º
Or, n = 10
Thus, option (3) is correct.

Plane Mirror: A plane mirror is a mirror with a flat (planar) reflective surface.

The characteristics of an image formed in a plane mirror:

• The image formed by the plane mirror is virtual and erect i.e. image cannot be projected or focused on a screen.
• The distance of the image ‘behind’ the mirror is the same as the distance of the object in front of the mirror.
• The size of the image formed is the same as the size of the object.
• The image is laterally inverted, i.e. left hand appears to be right hand when seen from the plane mirror.
  
• If the object moves towards (or away from) the mirror at a certain rate, the image also moves towards (or away from) the mirror at the same rate.

From above it is clear that images are formed by the Plane mirror is virtual, erect, and laterally inverted.

A bar chart or bar graph is a chart that presents grouped data with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent.

A mathematics textbook is a tool to be used in the teaching process to facilitate effective mathematical learning.