RRB JE CE (CBT II) Mock Test- 1

10 x 5²/2

= 5³ = 125.

Acceleration= Force/Mass

= 8/2

= 4 m / s² .

If you have a reasonable quality Internet connection you can get phone service delivered through your Internet connection instead of from your local phone company.

The area Ratio should be less than 10%.

Inside Clearance should be between 0.5 to 3.

Outside Clearance should be between 0 to 2.

The cutting,, edge angle should be within 20°.

U = P²L/2AE

Calculation:

Important Points:

Steep slope → Contour lines are closely spaced and for mild slope contour lines are apart from each - other.

Hill → Closed contour lines with higher values inside indicate hill, and lower values inside indicate pond or depression.

Overhanging cliff → Two contours of different elevations cannot cross each other except in a vertical cliff.

This implies one end fixed, another end free.

I_eFF = 2L

1) Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄)

2) Formaldehydes

3) Photochemical smog

4) Ozone

5) Peroxy Acetyl – nitrate (PAN)

Primary air pollutant

1) SO₂

2) CO & CO₂

3) NO, NO₂

4) Volatile organic compound

5) Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)

6) Radioactive compound

7) Halogen compound

Minimum wetted perimeter design for a given cross-sectional area gives the maximum discharge for the section and hence it is termed as the most efficient section.

∴ To design an efficient channel, the wetted perimeter for the given discharge, should be minimum.

Ordinary concrete is designed by volume and is used as PCC and not for structurally related works, while Controlled concrete is designed by weight and designed to get a controlled mix, strength and durability as per structural requirements.

Wash Boring – It can be opted to explore almost all kinds of soil except for hard rocks or cemented soil. It can be used for the soil even below the water table.

Percussion drilling - It is the only method for boulder and gravelly strata. It is suitable for all types of soils and rocks. Difficult in loose sands and soft, sticky clays.

Rotary Drilling – It is suitable for all types of soils and rocks except in stony or porous soils and fissured rocks.

Note:

Based on Mach Number, Gases are classified as:

• Ma < 0.3: incompressible flow; change in density is negligible.

• 0.3< Ma < 0.8: subsonic flow; density changes are significant, but shock waves do not appear.

• 0.8< Ma < 1.2: transonic flow; shock waves appear and divide the subsonic and supersonic regions of the flow. Transonic flow is characterized by mixed regions of locally subsonic and supersonic flow

• 1.2 < Ma < 3.0: supersonic flow; flow field everywhere is above acoustic speed. Shock waves appear,, and across the shock wave, the streamline changes direction discontinuously.

• 3.0 < Ma: hypersonic flow; where the temperature, pressure, and density of the flow increase almost explosively across the shock wave.

i) Name of the authorities inviting tender

ii) Name of Work and its location

iii) Estimated cost

iv) Time of completion

v) Cost of a complete set of tender forms and conditions

vi) Date, time, and place of tender

vii) Amount of earnest money and security money

viii) Validity of tender

The moment of inertia of a semicircle about the vertical axis i.e. YY, is given by

As per the National Building code of India, buildings are classified into nine groups as follows:

Group A ⇒ Residential Building

Group B ⇒ Educational Building

Group C ⇒ Institutional Building

Group D ⇒ Assembly Building

Group E ⇒ Business Building

Group F ⇒ Mercantile Building

Group G ⇒ Industrial Building

Group H ⇒ Storage Building

Group I ⇒ Hazardous Building

• Simon Commission was formed in the year 1928, under the chairmanship of Sir John Allsebrook Simon. It was a group of seven British Parliament members who came to India to study constitutional reform in Britain’s most important colonial dependency.

• Simon commission was boycotted by the Indian National Congress at its Madras session in the year 1927.

• The boycott of the commission was done to challenge Lord Birken head, then Secretary of State for India, in order to draft a constitution that would be acceptable to the general public of India.

Where

M₁ = Mass of the pycnometer

M₂ = Mass of pycnometer + Oven-dried soil sample

M₃ = Mass of pycnometer + Oven-dried soil sample + Water filled

M₄ = Mass of pycnometer + Water filled

G = Specific Gravity of Soil

Calculation:

w = 6.5%

Material subjected to fluctuating stresses usually fail at stress levels much below their ultimate strength and in many cases below the yield point of the material too.

These failures occur due to a very large number of stress cycle and are known as fatigue failure.

∴ The phenomenon of decreased resistance of material due to reversal of stress is called fatigue.

Important Points:

Fatigue failures are influenced by

(i) Nature and magnitude of the stress cycle

(ii) Endurance limit

(iii) Stress concentration

(iv) Surface characteristics

It results from a combination of physiographic and meteorological conditions in a watershed and represents the integrated effects of climate, hydrologic losses, surface runoff, interflow, and groundwater flow.

Detailed analysis of hydrographs is usually important in flood damage mitigation, flood forecasting, or establishing design flows for structures that convey floodwaters.

Factors that influence the hydrograph shape and volume

i. Meteorological factors

ii. Physiographic or watershed factors and

iii. Human factors

In the Straight line method, it is assumed that the property loses its value by the same amount every year. A fixed amount of the original cost is deducted every year so that at the end of the utility period, only the scrap value is left.

Annual Depreciation is given by:

D = C-S/n

Where,

D = Annual Depreciation

S = Scrap value

n = life of the property in years = 90 years

S = Scrap value = 0.1 × 50000 = ₹ 5000

C = Original cost = ₹ 50000

Calculation:

Book value of the property at the end of 20 years = Original cost - 20 × D.

∴ Book Value = 50000 – 20 × 500 = ₹ 40000/-

• For Chrome OS and Windows, use Ctrl + S.

• For Mac OS X and macOS Sierra, use Command + S.

Clicking the Print button on the toolbar instantly prints the web page.

• To work the Print dialogue box, choose Print from the Print button’s menu or press Ctrl + p

• Ctrl + F4 and Ctrl + w both closes current window.

Alt + F6 toggle windows. Alt + F8 toggles find result windows.

• Metal

• Plastic

• Glass

• Paper

So, chemicals are not one of the major categories on which recycling focuses.

Important Points:

Recycling:

• It is the process of converting waste materials into reusable objects to prevent waste.

• The materials from which the items are made can be reprocessed into new products.

• Recycling such material saves the product, and it also reduces the amount of manufacture to make new products.

• It also helps in energy saving and reducing global climate change

Metals react with oxygen to form metallic oxides.

These metallic oxides are basic in nature

Metal + Oxygen → Metallic oxide

Example:

When magnesium burns in the air it combines with the oxygen of the air to form magnesium oxide.

2 Mg + O₂ → 2 MgO

Magnesium oxide dissolves in water to form a magnesium hydroxide solution.

MgO + H₂O → Mg(OH)₂

Magnesium hydroxide turns red litmus blue which shows its basic nature.

Indirect methods are quicker, cheaper and less laborious than the direct method.

In this method, a series of guide points are selected along with a system of straight lines and their elevations are determined.

These points are then plotted, and contours are drawn by interpolation.

Three methods used for interpolation are as follows:

i) By Estimation

This is a rough method and is used on a small-scale map.

ii) By Arithmetic Calculations

This is a very accurate method but a tedious one. The position of contours points between guide points is located by arithmetic calculations.

iii) By Graphical Method

This is a rapid and convenient method and gives higher accuracy than the estimation method. However, it involves a lot of interpolation work.

Note:

Arithmetical Calculation is considered more accurate than a graphical method, as the graphical method assumes only linear variation between the two guide points.

Shrunk Scale = Shrunk Factor × Original Scale

The nominal shear strength of a bolt is equal to f_u/√3

Design shear strength of a bolt is equal to

Where

f_ub = ultimate bearing capacity of a bolt material

Ym = Material safety factor

∴ The design strength of bolt with threads intercepting is given by

i) carbon content

ii) presence of impurities

iii) heat-treatment process

The usual composition of steel should be:

If CO levels are high enough, it may cause a person to in an unconscious state or death.

Moderate Concentration

Exposure to moderate and high levels of CO over long periods has also been linked with an the increased risk of heart disease.

Continuous Exposure

People who survive severe CO poisoning may suffer long-term health problems.

It is recommended that pavements for arterial roads like NH, SH should be designed for a life of 15 years, EH and urban roads for 20 years and other categories of roads for 10 to 15 years.

For Rigid Pavement:

As per IRC 2014 SP 62, concrete pavements are designed and constructed for a design life of 20 years or higher.

∴ For major roads, the design life is a minimum of 20 years.

The drainage water intercepting the canal can be classified in the following ways:

i) By passing the canal over the drainage

a) Aqueduct

b) Syphon aqueduct

ii) By passing the canal below the drainage

a) Superpassage

b) Syphon

iii) By the drain through canal ⇒ a) level crossing b) inlets and outlets

Given:

Bed Level of drainage is greater than the canal

∴ Aqueduct and syphon aqueduct are eliminated.

FSL (Full Supply Level) of canal is greater than drainage

∴ Syphon is recommended over the super passage.

Kindly Refer:

CHAPTER II, THE MAINTENANCE OF PERMANENT WAY, Part ‘F’, BALLAST AND BALLAST DEPOTS

Gunite is a mixture of cement and sand, the usual proportion being 1:3. A cement gun is used to deposit this mixture on the concrete surface under a pressure of 20 to 30 N/cm².

High compressive strength is obtained. A strength of about 56 to 70 N/mm² at 28 days is generally obtained.

Repair work is carried out in short times and highly impermeable concrete is obtained.

Theodolites or transits are used to measure horizontal angles.

Various types of theodolites are as follows:

• Vernier theodolite (open face and Vernier equipped instruments)

• Optical theodolite (enclosed with optical readouts with direct digital readouts or micrometre equipped readouts)

• Electronic theodolites (enclosed with electronic readouts)

Least count of Vernier theodolite = 20 seconds

Least count of Electronic theodolite = 1 second

Confusion Point:

Until and unless it is mentioned about electronic theodolite, we should consider the property of Vernier theodolite only.

• A food chain shows how each living thing gets its food. Some animals eat plants and some animals eat other animals.

• The food chain shows the path of energy through organisms. Organisms that use the Sun's energy to turn water and carbon dioxide into food molecules are called producers.

• Plants are called producers because they are able to use light energy from the sun to produce food. Animals cannot make their own food so they must eat plants and/or other animals. They are called consumers.

We are aware that normally rainwater has a pH of 5.6. When the pH of the rainwater drops below 5.6, it is called acid rain.

Acid rain refers to the ways in which acid from the atmosphere is deposited on the earth’s surface. Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur that are acidic can be blown by the wind and solid particles in the atmosphere and finally settle down either on the ground as dry deposition or in water, fog, and snow as wet deposition.

Acid rain is a byproduct of a variety of human activities that emit the oxides of sulphur and nitrogen in the atmosphere. As mentioned earlier, burning fossil fuels (which contain sulphur and nitrogenous matter) such as coal and oil in power stations and furnaces or petrol and diesel in motor engines produce sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.

SO₂ and NO₂ after oxidation and reaction with water are major contributors to acid rain because polluted air usually contains particulate matter that catalyzes the oxidation.

2SO₂ (g) + O₂ (g) + 2H₂O (l) → 2H₂SO₄ (aq)

4NO₂ (g) + O₂ (g)+ 2H₂O (l) → 4HNO₃ (aq)

The bad effects of acid rain

• When acid rain falls and flows as groundwater to reach rivers, lakes, etc, it affects plants and animal life in the aquatic ecosystem.

• Acid rain is harmful to agriculture, trees, and plants as it dissolves and washes away nutrients needed for their growth.

• It causes respiratory ailments in human beings and animal

• It may also cause corrosion in many buildings, bridges, monuments, fencing, etc

• It causes irritation in the eyes and skin of human beings

• This rain reduces the lustre of the metals too

• Acid rain damages buildings and other structures made of stone or metal

• The Taj Mahal in India has been affected by acid rain

Important Point:

Eutrophication: It is an enrichment of water by nutrient salts that causes structural changes to the ecosystem.

Compounds that contain nitrogen and phosphorus (fertilizers) drives the eutrophication. These nutrients are generally not toxic.

Effects: They can have a large impact on the health of rivers and estuaries, such as increased production of algae and aquatic plants, depletion of fish species, general deterioration of water quality.

• Reliance Jio Infocomm Ltd has overtaken Bharti Airtel to become the second-largest operator in terms of mobile subscriber base.

• The data was given by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India.

• As of May end, Jio had 322.98 million users as against Airtel’s 320.38 million users.

• Vodafone Idea continues in the top position with 387.55 million users.

• Sun Temple, Konark (Odisha) is also known as the ‘Black Pagoda.’ The temple is attributed to king Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty about 1250 CE.

• Trimbakeshwar Temple, Nasik (Maharashtra), is dedicated to the god Shiva and is one of the twelve Jyotirlinga. Origin of the sacred Godavari rivers near Trimbak.

• Ramanathaswamy Temple, Rameswaram (Tamil Nadu) one of the twelve Jyotirlinga temples.

• Banke Bihari Temple, Vrindavan – Dedicated to Lord Krishna.

The trends followed in the modern periodic table is:

Across Period:

• Atomic radius decreases in moving from left to right along a period.
• This is due to an increase in nuclear charge, which tends to pull the electrons closer to the nucleus and reduces the size of the atom.

Down the Group:

• Atomic size increases down the group. This is because new shells are being added as we go down the group.
• This increases the distance between the outermost electrons and the nucleus so that the atomic size increases in spite of the increase in nuclear charge.

Application:

The modern periodic table is shown:

Moving from left to right, the trend in size is

C > O > F

Moving from top to bottom, the trend is:

Cl > F

Overall Trend:

F < o="" />< c="" />< />

M = h/(?)

h' = Height of the image

h = Height of the object

Oil paints are nothing but normal paints which usually contains a base and vehicle.

Base constituents used for making oil paints are white lead, zinc white, lithopone, red lead and titanium oxide.

General vehicles used in oil paints are linseed oil, tug oil etc.

Solvent commonly used for oil paint is Turpentine.

For e.g.

1. IS 516 – Specification for preparation, curing and testing of concrete cubes.

2. IS 1786 – Specification for high strength deformed steel bars to be used in R.C.C.

3. IS 4031 – Specification for testing of concrete test blocks.

4. IS 9103 – Specification for concrete admixtures.

There are three types of earth pressure depending on three possible conditions:

1. Earth pressure at rest

2. Active earth pressure

3. Passive earth pressure

When the base of the wall is assumed to be rigidly fixed, and the wall does not move, the pressure exerted by the backfill on the back of the wall is referred to as earth pressure at rest ((p_o)).

When the base of the wall yields and the wall moves away from the fill, the earth pressure decreases to a certain minimum value. This minimum value of earth pressure is referred to as active earth pressure ((p_o)).

When the base of the wall yields and the wall moves towards the fill, the earth pressure increases to a certain maximum value. This maximum value of earth pressure is referred to as passive earth pressure ((p_p)).

Thus, in the case of a bridge abutment, there is no tendency of wall movement, and the base of the wall is assumed to be rigidly fixed. Therefore, the earth pressure behind a bridge abutment is at rest.

As can be observed in the figure, the splayed shoulder of the King post truss has principal rafters and its head.

The Inverse Square Law:

The Inverse Square Law states that for every doubling of the distance from the sound source in a free field situation, the sound intensity will diminish by 6 decibels.

The intensity of sound = Source Power(P)/4πR²

Where R = distance from the source.

• Krishna Sobti was a famous Hindi writer and essayist.

• She had won the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1980 for her novel Zindaginama.

• She was awarded the Jnanpith in 2017 for her contribution to Indian literature.

• Some of her celebrated works include Daar Se Bichudi, Mitro Marjani, Zindaginama, Dil-o-Danish, etc.

• Candela (Cd) is the SI unit of luminous intensity.

• Luminous intensity is a measure of the amount of visible light emitted from a point source per unit time per unit solid angle.

With the increase in temperature viscosity of fluid decreases (Soil contains water inside its pores), the overall viscosity of soil reduces.

Further, the Viscosity of soil is inversely proportional to its permeability from the above relation. Therefore, with the decrease in viscosity of soil, permeability increases.

• The Ramon Magsaysay Award is an annual award established to perpetuate former Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay's example of integrity in governance, courageous service to the people, and pragmatic idealism within a democratic society.

• The prize was established in April 1957 by the trustees of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund based in New York City with the concurrence of the Philippine government.

Basic capacity: The basic capacity is the maximum numbers of passenger cars that can pass a given point on a lane or a roadway during one hour under the most ideal roadway and traffic conditions that can possibly be attained.

Possible capacity: It is the maximum number of vehicles that can pass a given point on a lane or roadway during one hour under the prevailing roadway and traffic conditions.

Practical Capacity: It is the maximum number of vehicles that can pass a given point on a lane or roadway during one hour with creating unreasonable delay under the prevailing roadway and traffic conditions.

Design capacity: it is the practical capacity or a smaller value determined for use in designing the highway to accommodate the design hourly volume.

Theoretical Capacity: It is the number of vehicles passing any point in one hour per lane.

• Square or circular in shape

• Thickness >= 25 mm

• Size may vary from 300 to 750 mm

• For clayey and silty soils and for loose to medium dense sandy soils with N<15, 450 mm square plate is used

• For dense sandy or gravelly soils(15< N < 30) three plates of sizes 300 mm to 750 mm is used depending on reaction loading and maximum grain size

• Side of plate = 4× size of particles

The full of VIRUS is Vital Information Recourse Under Siege, because they replicate and multiply and use up computer memory processing power with fake repetitive commands. It causes the system to become slow and keeps hanging.

The maximum spacing of shear reinforcement measured along the axis of the member shall not exceed 0.75 d for vertical stirrups where d is the effective depth of the section under consideration. In no case shall the spacing exceed 300 mm.

Velocity component can be written as

Therefore, the velocity component will be

u=4 units

v=16 units

Base Lines:

It is main and longest line, which passes approximately through the center of the field.

All the other measurements to show the details of the work are taken with respect of this line.

Check Line:

A check line also termed as a proof line is a line joining the apex of a triangle to some fixed points on any two sides of a triangle.

A check line is measured to check the accuracy of the framework. The length of a check line, as measured on the ground should agree with its length on the plan.

Tie or subsidiary lines:

A tie line joints two fixed points on the main survey lines.

It helps to checking the accuracy of surveying and to locate the interior details.

The position of each tie line should be close to some features, such as paths, building etc.

• A web browser is a software application for accessing information on the World Wide Web

• URL is an acronym for Uniform Resource Locator, It is a reference to the resource on the internet

• A client is a computer that connects to and uses the resources of a remote computer, or server

• The server handles the request from the web browser and sends back a response to build a connection to provide web services

• Cookies are messages that web servers pass to the web browser when user visit Internet sites

1) To work from whole to the part

2) To fix the positions of new stations by at least two methods

(a) to minimise the seepage losses through the bed and sides of the canal.

(b) to prevent scouring and erosion of bed and sides of the canal due to high velocity of flood water at the time of heavy rainfall.

(c) increase the discharge in the canal section by increasing the velocity.

(d) to prevent the growth of weeds along the bed and sides of the canal.

(e) to increase the command area

This 90o parking angle obstructs the road traffic, particularly if the road width is less. But, it can accommodate the maximum number of vehicles for a given kerb length.

Settling of BOD and other wastes due to gravity – Primary Settling

Settling of biomass – Secondary Settling

Biochemical degradation - Activated Sludge

The settling of biomass is generally done in the secondary settling tank.

• Kevlar is used for making bulletproof jackets.
• Kevlar is a synthetic fiber and heat-resistant.
• It absorbs the energy of a bullet and extends it over a larger area.
• It consists of many application which includes racing sails, bicycle tyres, bulletproof jackets, and vests.
• It was developed by an American scientist Stephanie Kwolek in the year 1965.

• Carbon dioxide is responsible for trapping heat energy from the Sun within the Earth's atmosphere by preventing the rays of the Sun from escaping into the atmosphere.

• This leads to an increase in the overall temperature, and this phenomenon is called global warming.

An illness that begins when large amounts of nitrates in water are ingested by an infant and converted to nitrite by the digestive system. The nitrite then reacts with oxy-haemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying blood protein) to form methemoglobin, which cannot carry oxygen. If a large enough amount of methemoglobin is formed in the blood, body tissues may be deprived of oxygen, causing the infant to develop a blue coloration of their mucous membranes and possibly digestive and respiratory problems. This condition is also known as methemoglobinemia.

Erosion of soil material can work its way back into the embankment, creating voids in the form of channels or ‘pipes,’ thus impairing the dam’s stability.

This form of soil erosion from the structure’s foundation is referred to as piping and occurs when water flows upwards, resulting in zero effective stress.

The phenomenon is seen in cohesionless soil, which loses its shear strength due to a high upward hydraulic gradient.

The piping failure in a hydraulic structure can be prevented by-

1. Increasing the stress due to the weight of the structure

2. Increasing the creep length of the flow of water

3. By introducing an inverted filter on the downstream side

If the sum is more than 180°, deduct 180°

If the sum is more than 540°, deduct 540°

If the sum is less than 180°, add 180°

FB of line BC = 50 + 240 = 290°. Sum is more than 180°, hence deducting 180°, we get FB of line BC = 290- 180 = 110°.

1. Renewable source (Non-conventional energy)

2. Non-Renewable source (Conventional energy)

Renewable energy resources are natural resources that can be regenerated continuously and are inexhaustible. Therefore, they can be used again and again in an endless manner. Examples are Wood, Solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, tidal energy, geothermal energy, Biomass Energy, etc.

• Biomass Energy: Energy produced by organic matter like plants and animals are called Biomass Energy

• Examples of biomass are wood, crop residues, seeds, cattle dung, sewage, agricultural wastes, etc.

• Biogas and biofuel are examples of biomass energy

Non-Renewable energy resources are natural resources that cannot be regenerated once they are exhausted. They cannot be used again. Examples are Oil, Coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear fuels, etc.

L_s = V³/CR

C= rate of change of radial acceleration = 30m/sec³

L_s = 14³/(0.3*200) = 45.73m

• Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air.

• These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain.

• Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides dissolve very easily in water and can be carried very far by the wind.

• As a result, the two compounds can travel long distances where they become part of the rain, sleet, snow, and fog that we experience on certain days.

To avoid the operational problem of mud ball formation in rapid sand filter, the filter is properly cleaned with caustic soda.

To avoid Air Binding:

Proper cleaning of filter should be done when

1. head loss becomes 2.5 to 3.5 m or

2. Negative head becomes 1.2 m.

1. Greenhouse gases consists gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour, nitrous oxide and ozone.

2. These gases absorbs heat which produced from the Sun.

3. A greenhouse is called so because it is a house which contains green things such as plants and beneficial gasses.

Dimensions are measured in meters, centimetres etc.

Force is measured in Newtons

Luminous intensity is measured in candela.

Reason for the bulking of sand

• The reason is that moisture causes a film of water around sand particles which results in the increase of the volume of sand
• For a moisture content percentage of 5 to 8, there will be an increase in volume up to 20 to 40 per cent depending upon the sand
• If the sand is finer there will be more increase in volume

Maximum Principal stress theory (Rankine’s Theory)

Maximum shear stress theory (Guest – Tresca’s Theory)

Maximum Principal strain (Saint Venant’s Theory) Theory

Total strain energy per unit volume (Haigh’s Theory) Theory

Shear strain energy per unit volume Theory (Von – Mises & Hencky’s Theory)

Rounded aggregates have the minimum surface area for a given volume.

However, concrete prepared from rounded aggregates is relatively weaker than that prepared from angular aggregates.

1. Denoted by n, the principal quantum number is always an integer and describes the electron's state.

2. The Orbital quantum number / azimuthal quantum number is denoted by l and is associated with the angular momentum (L) of the electron due to its orbital motion. It is given by

   l = n - 1

3. The energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom is affected by a strong magnetic field and the quantum number which describes this magnetic effect is called magnetic quantum number. It is denoted by ml.

4. Denoted by ms, the spin quantum number is associated with the intrinsic angular momentum of the electron.

10° on the broad gauge,

16° on the meter gauge, and

40° on the narrow gauge.

• p₁V₁/T₁=p₂V₂/T₂ is a representation of the Combined Gas Law.

• This law is obtained by combining Gay-Lussac's Law, Boyles's Law and Charles's Law.

• Boyle's Law is represented as P₁V₁ = P₂V₂, P is pressure and V is the volume.

• Charles' Law is represented as V₁T₂ = V₂T₁, V is the volume whereas T is the temperature.

• Graham's Law states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of its particles.

• Richard Southwell Bourke, 6^th Earl of Mayo also known as Lord Mayo in India was the only viceroy to be assassinated in India.

• Sher Ali Afridi on 8^th Feb 1872, assassinated Lord Mayo, the then viceroy of India, in Port Blair.

• TRICK: "Mayo" sounds like "maaro" (to kill) similar to assassination.

Mat thickness, which is controlled by the screed or the screed can be tied to a specified grade using sensor tracing a straight line.

These slabs are more flexible, light in weight, floor depth is very thin, excellent vibration control, good thermal insulation can be achieved, durable, acoustically insulated, and fire resistance. These slabs are generally used in a plain ceiling.

Therefore, all of the given options are correct.

Equivalent stiffness of spring for parallel combination:

S_eq = S₁ + S₂

The following minimum width provisions shall be made for each stairway

• Due to the equatorial bulge, i.e. the equator being more bulged towards the outside, the poles are nearer to the Centre of the earth, as compared to the equatorial region.

• And as the acceleration due to gravity is inversely proportional to the distance from the Centre of the earth, as the distance is less on poles, the acceleration due to gravity(g) is more at the poles.

• Acetic acid, commonly named ethanoic acid, is a colorless liquid organic compound with the chemical formula CH₃COOH.

• When undiluted, it is sometimes called glacial acetic acid.