SRMJEEE Biology Mock Test - 4 - JEE MCQ

Mitochondria and chloroplast contain theirown genetic material. Genetic material is mainly present in nucleus of the cell but these two cell organelles also contain own genetic material.

Topic in NCERT: CYTOKINESIS

Line in NCERT: "At the time of cytoplasmic division, organelles like mitochondria and plastids get distributed between the two daughter cells."

All cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane. The membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer arranged back-to-back. The membrane is also covered in places with cholesterol molecules and proteins. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable and regulates which molecules are allowed to enter and exit the cell.

Topic in NCERT: Phospholipids

Line in NCERT: "Phospholipids contain, in addition, a phosphorylated nitrogenous compound."

• Ovarian follicles are the essential units of the female reproductive biology of mammals, each of which is packed with roughly spherical aggregations of cells found in the ovary.
• A Graafian follicle, or ovarian follicle, is present inside an ovary and is a minute cyst within which an egg, or ovum, develops.
• A Graafian follicle is a follicle that ruptures and releases its ovum when stimulated. Generally, women are born with many undeveloped follicles, each containing an immature ovum.
• As soon as puberty is attained and menstruation commences, one ovum matures each month inside its containing follicle.
• The follicle grows bigger and breaks at around day 14 of the cycle, discharging the ovum in a process known as ovulation.

The Miller-Urey experiment simulated early Earth conditions and demonstrated that organic molecules, including amino acids, could be synthesized abiotically. This experiment is crucial for understanding the chemical origins of life.

Streptococcus is a bacteria which is included under Kingdom Monera. Monerans have prokaryotic cell organisation in which membrane bound organelles like mitochondria, E.R., Golgi bodies, etc., are absent. All the other three i.e., Saccharomyces (a fungus), Chlamydomonas (an algae) and Plasmodium (a protozoan protist) are eukaryotes containing true membrane bound organelles.

Anaphase II of meiosis is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids, similar to anaphase in mitosis. During Anaphase I, homologous chromosomes are separated, but the sister chromatids remain attached. It is not until Anaphase II that these chromatids are finally pulled apart and move towards opposite poles, leading to the formation of haploid daughter cells.

The diagram is of  salvinia (Pteridophyte)
Option d is incorrect : it has sporophytic plant body

Some roots, called adventitious roots, arise from an organ other than the root—usually a stem, sometimes a leaf. They are especially numerous on underground stems, such as rhizomes, corms, and tubers, and make it possible to vegetatively propagate many plants from stem or leaf cuttings.

Line in NCERT: "In some plants, like grass, Monstera and the banyan tree, roots arise from parts of the plant other than the radicle and are called adventitious roots."

• Over-exploitation: The Passenger pigeon (ii) was over-exploited to extinction.
• Ex-situ conservation: Botanical gardens (iii) are used for ex-situ conservation, preserving species outside their natural habitats.
• Alien species invasions: Nile perch (iv) is an example of an alien species that invaded Lake Victoria, affecting local biodiversity.
• In-situ conservation: Sacred groves (i) represent in-situ conservation, where areas are preserved within their natural habitats, often due to cultural reasons.

Progesterone is a steroid hormone that is responsible for preparing the endometrium for uterine implantation of the fertilized egg.

- The Assertion is correct because competitive inhibitors indeed bind to the active site of an enzyme, which prevents the substrate from binding.

- The Reason is also correct as increasing the substrate concentration can outcompete the inhibitor for the active site, thereby restoring enzyme activity.

- Additionally, the Reason effectively explains the Assertion as it describes how competitive inhibition can be mitigated, confirming that both statements are true and that the Reason is the correct explanation for the Assertion.

Posterior pituitary releases vasopressin which stimulates reabsorption of water in the distal tubules in nephron.

.The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in thermoregulation, the process of maintaining the body's core internal temperature. It acts as the body's thermostat, detecting changes in temperature and initiating responses to heat or cool the body as necessary. The hypothalamus receives input from temperature receptors in the skin and other parts of the body and then activates mechanisms to adjust the temperature, such as sweating, shivering, and altering blood flow to the skin. An interesting fact about the hypothalamus is that it also regulates many other vital bodily functions, including hunger, thirst, sleep, and emotional activity.

Line in NCERT: "The hypothalamus contains a number of centres which control body temperature, urge for eating and drinking."

Parathormone, also known as parathyroid hormone (PTH), is primarily involved in the regulation of blood calcium levels. It increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption and increasing the absorption of calcium in the intestines and kidneys.

Line in NCERT: "Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases the Ca2+ levels in the blood."

Centrioles play a crucial role in cell division in animal cells by organizing the mitotic spindle. These cylindrical structures help in the formation of spindle fibers that separate chromosomes during cell division.

Bony fish and aquatic amphibians are ammonotelic because this method of excretion uses the least energy.

The assertion and reason are both true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. The sliding filament theory describes how the actin (thin) and myosin (thick) filaments slide past each other, shortening the sarcomere and causing muscle contraction.

Line in NCERT: "These cross bridges pull the actin filaments causing them to slide over the myosin filaments and thereby causing contraction."

The S phase (Synthesis phase) of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication and chromosome duplication. During this phase, each chromosome is replicated to produce two sister chromatids, effectively doubling the genetic material in preparation for cell division. This ensures that each daughter cell will receive an identical set of chromosomes.

Foreskin is a double-layered fold of smooth muscle tissue, blood vessels, neurons, skin, and mucous membrane that covers and protects the glans penis and the urinary meatus when the penis is not erect.
The foreskin is mobile, fairly stretchable, and acts as a natural lubricant.

Thyroxine, secreted by the thyroid gland, is responsible for regulating the metabolic rate of the body. It influences how fast or slow the cells in your body convert nutrients into energy, affecting overall metabolism.

Line in NCERT: "Thyroid hormones play an important role in the regulation of the basal metabolic rate."

Epinephrine or adrenaline, norepinephrine or noradrenaline and acetylchloline are the neurotransmitters. These are released by the nerve fibres to transmit the impulse to the next neuron. Cortisone is not the neurotransmitter.

bioactive molecule, cyclosporin A, that is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patients, is produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum.
Primary treatment : These treatment steps basically involve physical removal of particles – large and small – from the sewage through filtration and sedimentation

In a diploid, p and q represent the frequency of allele A and allele a. The frequency of AA individuals in a population is simply p2 . This is simply stated in another ways, i.e., the probability that an allele A with a frequency of p appear on both the chromosomes of a diploid individual is simply the product of the probabilities, i.e., p² . Similarly of aa is q² , of Aa 2pq. Hence, p ²+2pq+q²=1. This is a binomial expansion of (p+q)²

A-ii: Amoeba moves and feeds using pseudopodia.
B-iii: Euglena contains chlorophyll and can perform photosynthesis.
C-i: Plasmodium is the parasite responsible for malaria.
D-iv: Yeast is utilized in the fermentation process for making bread and beer.

Surgical intervention blocks gamete transport and thereby prevent conception. Sterilisation procedure in the male is called ‘vasectomy’ and that in the female, ‘tubectomy’. In vasectomy, a small part of the vas deferens is removed or tied up through a small incision on the scrotum whereas in tubectomy, a small part of the fallopian tube is removed  or tied up through a small incision in the abdomen or through vagina. These techniques are highly effective but their reversibility is very poor

The pelvic girdle is formed by two innominate bones consists of three separate bones ilium, ischium and the pubis.

Option A: Buthus (scorpion)

• Description: It has six pairs of appendages, book lungs for respiration, and the statement claims it is viviparous (gives birth to live young).
• Fact Check: Scorpions do have six pairs of appendages and use book lungs for respiration. However, while some scorpions give birth to live young, they do not have eggs that hatch within the female body as typical viviparous organisms do; instead, the young are born alive. This description mixes up terms but is essentially correct about scorpions being viviparous.

Option B: Pila (apple snail)

• Description: Body covered by a coiled calcareous shell, unsegmented with a distinct head, muscular foot, and visceral mass. The mouth contains a radula.
• Fact Check: This description is accurate for Pila, which is an apple snail with these characteristics.

Option C: Asterias (starfish)

• Description: Presence of water vascular system, development includes free-swimming larva, sexes are separate.
• Fact Check: Starfish do have a water vascular system which is a hydraulic system used for locomotion and feeding. They also have free-swimming larval stages and are generally gonochoric (having separate sexes), although some are hermaphroditic.

Option D: Octopus (devil fish)

• Description: Radula present, larva absent, ink glands present, shell is absent.
• Fact Check: Octopuses do have ink glands and lack an external shell. They do not have a radula (which is a feeding structure found in snails and other mollusks), and they do not produce larva; they hatch as miniature adults.