Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 2

In 1831, Dwarkanath Tagore had established the “Landholders Society” along with Prasanna Kumar Tagore, Radhakanta Deb, Ramkamal Sen and Bhabani Charan Charan Mitra. It was followed by British India Society in 1839. Then the Madras Native Association was formed in 1849. The British Indian Association was established on 31 October 1851. Its formation was a major event of 19th century India.  After this The East India Association was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866, in collaboration with Indians and retired British.

The correct chronological order will be as follows - 
(2) Appointment of the first Famine Commission
(4) Passing of the first Indian Factory Act
(1) Repeal of the Vernacular Press Act.
(3) Passing of the Ilbert Bill
 

A is the correct option.

• Dada bhai Nauroji was the president of the second session of the Congress at Calcutta.
• Badruddin Tyyabdin was the president of the third session of the Congress at Madras.
• George Yule was the president of the fourth session of the Congress at Allahabad. 
• Sir William Bedderbum was the president of the fifth session of the Congress at Bombay.
• Pherozeshah Mehta was the president of the sixth session of the Congress at Calcutta.
   

The correct option is C.
Jamia Millia Islamia is a Central University located in Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India.Originally established at Aligarh, United Provinces (present day Uttar Pradesh, India) during the British Raj in 1920, it moved to its current location in Okhla in 1935. It was given the deemed status by University Grants Commission in 1962. On 26 December 1988, it became a central university.

Mahatma Gandhi met Lord Irwin on 17th February, 1931 and after the prolonged discussions, they came into an agreement. As per the terms of Gandhi – Irwin pact, the Indian National Congress agreed to withdraw the Civil disobedience movement and to participated in the second round table conference and the most important terms agreed by the British Indian Government.
1. To withdraw all the orders and the pending petition.
2. To release all the political prisoners except those who were guilty of violence.
3. To restore the confiscated properties of the satyagrahis.
4. The government agreed to permit the peaceful picketing of liquor, opium and foreign cloths shop.
5. Abolition of the Salt law and the monopoly of Salt making etc.

B is the correct option.

• Motilal Nehru - Date of death: 6 February 1931
• Lajpat Rai - Date of death: 17 November 1928
• CS Das - 16 June 1925
• Rabindranath Tagore - died August 7, 1941

I.Suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement:

The tragedy at Chauri Chaura, a village in Gorakhpur district in Uttar Pradesh, occurred on February 5, 1922. A procession of about 3,000 peasants marched to the police station to protest against the police officer who had beaten some volunteers picketing a liquor shop. The police fired at the peasants. This infuriated the demonstrators and they set the nearby police station on fire, killing 22 policemen who were inside the police station. There were a few violent incidents in other parts of the country. Gandhiji, a believer in 'Ahimsa' was greatly shocked at these incidents and he withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement on February 12, 1922.

II.During the Madras Session in December 1927, young leaders like Jawahar Lal Nehru had proposed the resolution for complete independence which was however defeated and the action of Jawahar Lal was not appreciated by Gandhi.

III. Gandhi returned to active politics afters 
Iv.The annual session of the Congress was held at Lahore 1929 where Jawaharlal Nehru was elected the president. As per the Poorna Swaraj resolution passed at the Lahore Congress the word Swaraj in the Congress Constitution would mean complete independence
v.The Congress met at Karachi in March 1931 to endorse the Gandhi-Irwin or the Delhi Pact.It was presided over by Sardar Patel. This session became memorable for its resolution on the Fundamental Rights and the National Economic Programs.In short , It set the parameters of the Swaraj was reflected the then dominant leftwing ting of the national movements.It was drafted by the Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.
 

The Government of India Act 1935 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It originally received Royal assent in August 1935. Until 1999, it was the longest Act of (British) Parliament ever enacted. Act led to- Bicameralism in 6 provinces (Bombay, Madras, Bengal, Bihar, Assam and United Provinces) out of 11 provinces.

The correct option is D.
On December 17, 1927, Bhagat Singh and Shivaram Rajguru shot and killed assistant superintendent of police John Saunders.
Gopi Nath Saha shot dead another Englishman Mr. E. Day on 12 January, 1924. Later he was arrested and sentenced to death.
Dhingra shot Sir Curzon-Wyllie, an India Office official, at close range.
In Pune, it resulted in a completely different monument: one that commemorates the Chapekar brothers ( Damodar Hari , Balkrishna Hari and Vasudeo Hari) who killed WC Rand, an Indian Civil Service officer and the chairman of the Special Plague Committee.

The correct option is B.
Between the years 1870 and 1880, Indian people had become politically conscious and by the year 1885, there was a platform ready for establishment of a political organization on a national basis. The credit for giving a definite structure to the all India organization goes to a retired British officer A.O. Hume. He was a liberal minded person. Hume had been feeling a need for a political organization which would bridge the gap between the rulers and the people being ruled. Hume wanted the people to adopt the path of valid politics instead of violence and aggression. With the efforts of Mr. Hume, "Indian National Union" was formed.
Hume obtained the permission from Lord Dafrin to convene a meeting of "Indian national Union" between 25th December and 313st December in Pune. The objective of the meeting was to acquaint the work force with one another, which was working for the national development and define a political agenda for the development.
Although the place of convention was decided to be Pune, the venue was changed to Mumbai in the last minute. The convention was held at Mumbai on 28th December 1885 in Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College. At the suggestion of Sir Hume the meeting was named "Indian national Congress" and thus, Indian National Congress was born. There were 72 representatives in this convention of the Indian National Congress. Vyomesh Chandra Benarjee was the president of the first convention of Indian National Congress.
The Objectives of establishment of Indian National Congress- Historians believe that, with the direction from British Government Huma and his colleagues had founded Indian National Congress as a protective shield for British Government. Hume did not want the people of India to adopt violent and aggressive measures to register their discontent and anger against British Rule. Hume wanted to encourage people to take a legitimate path of protest like-appeals, memorandum, delegations to influence the British Government, in order to fulfil the demands.
The leaders of Congress accepted the leadership of A.O. Hume in the foundation of Indian National Congress because they were not in the position of having an open conflict with the British Government in the existing circumstances. This was more sensible to cooperate with Hume, in order to have a common platform wherein they could discuss the problems of the country.

The character act of 1833 had provided for the holding of the competitive exams in London for thr recruitment to higher sevice under the company. Yhe british bureaucracy in india was opposed to the entry of Indians into the civil services. Lord Lytton was also one of the same and wanted to close the doors of convenanted services to the indian altogether. Having failed to do so he took steps calculated to discourage Indians from competing for the said examination by lowering te maximum age from 21 to 19 years in 1878.

In 1838, to protect the interests of the landlords, the Zamindary Association (popularly known as the Landholders' Society) was established by Dwarkanath Tagore in Bengal.