TS SET Paper 2 Mock Test - 1 (Political Science) - TS TET MCQ

Both Assertion- In the first three general elections, India produced a 'one party dominance' model, which is different from one party system and Reason- Till 1967, the Congress party had exclusive control over governmental power both at the Centre and also in most of the states of India are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

It consists, for Plato, in Ideas. Plato explains the extra-mental reality of Ideas in another way: Our soul is immortal; it carries its knowledge of Ideas from birth to birth. Ideas of perfect straight line or perfect beauty were in the mind from our previous lives. 

The correct answer is Option C.

• While imprisoned at Andaman V.D.Savarkar wrote Hindutva: Who Is a Hindu? (1923), coining the term Hindutva (“Hinduness”), which sought to define Indian culture as a manifestation of Hindu values; this concept grew to become a major tenet of Hindu nationalist ideology.
• Hindutva (“Hindu-ness”), an ideology that sought to define Indian culture in terms of Hindu values, and it was highly critical of the secular policies and practices of the Indian National Congress (Congress Party).
• VD Savarkar wrote that Hindutva is more expansive than the religious aspects of Hinduism, encompassing the cultural, linguistic, political, and social aspect of the Hindu people — which he thought of as those people living within the historical boundaries of India, not strictly those who we’d describe as Hindus today.
• The BJP has advocated in favour of Hindutva and has adopted it as its political philosophy. hence the correct answer is option 3.

Assertion (A): "Even Swadeshi, like any good thing, can be ridden to death if it is made a fetish."

• In this statement, Gandhi is cautioning against an unthinking, dogmatic, or fetishistic application of Swadeshi.
• Swadeshi was a movement that was part of the broader Indian independence struggle, which encouraged the Indian populace to use goods produced domestically in India as a means to promote local economies and reduce reliance on foreign goods.
• This was not just an economic strategy but also a form of peaceful protest against British goods.
• While Gandhi was a major proponent of the Swadeshi movement, he is warning here that if it's made into a strict rule or 'fetish' without considering context or pragmatism, it can become counterproductive or harmful, as can any good idea if applied without thought to circumstance.

Reason (R): "Swadeshi is a doctrine that has its roots in the purest Ahimsa i.e. love."

• Here, Gandhi is connecting the principle of Swadeshi to his broader philosophy of Ahimsa, which is a doctrine of non-violence and love towards all living beings.
• According to Gandhi, Swadeshi was not only an economic or political strategy but also a moral and ethical principle that springs from a sense of love and duty towards one's community and country.
• Buying locally made goods was a way to support local industries and communities, which is a form of love and non-violence, as it helps to build and sustain the local economy and prevent the harm that comes from economic exploitation.
• ​

​However, while both these statements express Gandhi's views on Swadeshi, the Reason (R) doesn't directly explain or elaborate on the Assertion (A). The Reason (R) provides a philosophical underpinning of the concept of Swadeshi but doesn't explain why making Swadeshi a 'fetish' could lead to its 'death'. Thus, while both statements are true, (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

The correct answer is 2 only.

• India Internet Governance Forum (IIGF) event will be conducted jointly by the Ministry of Electronics and IT, NIXI and Multi-stakeholder Group from 8th to 11th of November, 2021.

Max weber was considered as the founding father of the "Theory of bureaucracy".

• Weber's theory of bureaucratic management also has two essential elements.
  • First, it entails structuring an organization into a hierarchy.
  • Secondly, the organization and its members are governed by clearly defined rational-legal decision-making rules.
• He gave the six characteristics of Bureaucracy.
  • Fixed jurisdictional areas are managed by rules and laws of administrative regulations.
  • Hierarchy of graded authorities where lower offices are supervised by higher ones.
  • Management is done by official documents.
  • Officials are having expert training.
  • It requires full time working of officials.
  • Management follows the rules.

Muhammad Iqbal was a poet and philosopher who was known for his influential efforts to direct his fellow Muslims to the establishment of Pakistan.

• He was born November 9, 1877, in Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 
• Iqbal was a fervent advocate for the political and spiritual resurrection of Islamic civilisation.
• Iqbal was elected to the Punjab Legislative Council in 1927 and served in the All India Muslim League in several capacities.
• Works of Mohammad Iqbal are: 
  • The Development of Metaphysics in Persia (1908)
  • The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam(1930)
  • Tarana-e-Hind (1905)
  • The Bang-e-Dara (1924)

​​Thus, Tarana-e-Hind, The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in ISLAM and The Bang-e-Dara are writings that were associated with Muhammad Iqbal. 

In the absence of the speaker Deputy Speaker performs the duties of transacting the business in Lok Sabha.

Environmental Green parties originated from new social movements started in 1970s in Europe. This parties are developed due to rise of environmental awareness and the development of new social movements. The famous 1972 Club of Rome Report, Limits of Growth, is symbolic for the larger and long-term problems associated with environmental destruction caused by governmental environmental policies, that have often succumbed to economic pressures.
Thus, the Correct answer is D.

Features of the presidential system are: single executive, non-responsibility, political homogeneity may not exist, the domination of president, no dissolution power of the lower house, and separation of powers.
A presidential system is a form of government in which ahead of government (president) leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch. This head of government is in most cases also the head of state.

Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha was the first chairman (temporary) of Constituent Assembly. Later Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the president and Its vice-president was Harendra Coomar Mookerjee, a Christian from Bengal and former vice-chancellor of Calcutta University.

The correct answer is ​1, 2 and 3 only.

Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) is celebrated on 9th January every year to strengthen the engagement of the overseas Indian community with the Government of India and mark the contribution of the Overseas Indian community in the development of India. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

• January 9 was chosen as the day to celebrate this occasion since it was on this day in 1915 that Mahatma Gandhi, the greatest Pravasi, returned to India from South Africa, led India’s freedom struggle and changed the lives of Indians forever.

PBD conventions are being held every year since 2003.

• PBD Convention is the flagship event of the Ministry of External Affairs and provides an important platform to engage and connect with overseas Indians. Hence, statement 4 is incorrect.
• Since 2015, its format has been revised to celebrate the PBD once every two years and to hold theme-based PBD Conferences during the intervening period with participation from overseas diaspora experts, policymakers and stakeholders.

It is in the PBD convention, Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Awards are presented by the President of India.

• The Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award is the highest honour conferred on a Non-Resident Indian, Person of Indian Origin; or an organisation or institution established and run by Non-Resident Indians or Persons of Indian Origin, who have made a significant contribution in better understanding of India abroad, support India's causes and concerns in a tangible way, community work abroad, the welfare of local Indian community, philanthropic and charitable work, etc. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

'Non-resident Indian' is an individual who is a citizen of India or a person of Indian origin and who is not a resident of India.

• Thus, in order to determine whether an individual is a non-resident Indian or not, his residential status is required to be determined under Section 6. As per section 6 of the Income-tax Act 1961, an individual is said to be a non-resident in India if he is not a resident in India and an individual is deemed to be resident in India in any previous year if he satisfies any of the following conditions:
  • If he is in India for a period of 182 days or more during the previous year; or
  • If he is in India for a period of 60 days or more during the previous year and 365 days or more during 4 years immediately preceding the previous year.
• However, in respect of an Indian citizen and a person of Indian origin who visits India during the year, the period of 60 days as mentioned in above shall be substituted with 182 days.
  • A similar concession is provided to the Indian citizen who leaves India in any previous year as a crew member or for the purpose of employment outside India. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

The correct answer is Rajni Kothari.

• Rajni Kothari was an Indian political scientist, political theorist, academic and writer.
• He was the founder of the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS) in 1963, a social sciences and humanities research institute, based in Delhi.

Defects in the Regulating Act 1773:
The act rendered the Governor General powerless before his colleagues because he had no veto power. This brought difficult times for Warren Hastings.

India is no committed judiciary, The Supreme Court of India could not remain aloof to this idea of committed judiciary.
Committed Judiciary refers to the judiciary which is committed to uphold the policies of the government in power by interpreting the laws and the Constitution in a way palatable to the Government in power.

A good bureaucracy is expected to avoid giving classified information to a political executive,
In a bureaucracy that is run successfully, the impersonal nature of the relationships that are formed create unique advantages. It creates a structure where equality is a point of emphasis. Friendships don't influence the outcomes that are created.

The correct answer is the Principle of social justice.

• The principle of social justice does indeed emphasize the importance of considering the special needs of individuals in distributing rewards or duties.
• Social justice is a concept rooted in fairness and equality, aiming to address and rectify social inequalities and promote a just society.
• In the context of distributing rewards, social justice recognizes that different individuals may have diverse circumstances, abilities, and needs.
• It acknowledges that equality does not necessarily mean treating everyone exactly the same, but rather taking into account the unique challenges and requirements of individuals in order to ensure fairness.
• For example, in an educational setting, the principle of social justice would advocate for providing appropriate support and resources to students with disabilities or special needs, such as accommodations, assistive technologies, or individualized education plans.
• This recognizes that these individuals may require additional assistance to access the same educational opportunities as their peers.
• Similarly, in the distribution of duties or responsibilities, social justice considers factors such as individual capabilities, limitations, and circumstances.
• It acknowledges that individuals may have different capacities to contribute to society due to factors beyond their control, such as disabilities, socioeconomic background, or systemic disadvantages.
• Social justice seeks to ensure that burdens and responsibilities are allocated in a way that is fair, taking into account these special needs and circumstances.

So we conclude that the Principle of social justice emphasizes the importance of considering the special needs of individuals in distributing rewards or duties.

The one obligation placed upon individuals by rights is to defend and promote actions that benefit everyone.

Rajni Kotliari argues that the party system in India evolved from an identifiable political centre, which was primarily comprised of educated, urban, upper-caste individuals belonging to the middle and upper classes. This socio-economic background was influential in shaping the early political landscape in India during the nationalist movement.

In a parliamentary system of government, such as the United Kingdom, the executive branch (the government) is typically formed by the political party or coalition that has the majority in the legislative branch (parliament). The executive, led by the Prime Minister, derives its authority from the legislature. Therefore, the judiciary's primary means of exerting control over the executive branch in a parliamentary system is through judicial review.

The correct answer is (Inclusive representation of diverse groups and protection of minority rights)

The correct answer is Public Accounts Committee.

Public Accounts Committee

• Public Accounts Committee was introduced in 1921 after its first mention in the Government of India Act, 1919.
• The chairman of the Public Accounts Committee is appointed by the Lok Sabha speaker.
• It consists of 22 members(15 from Lok Sabha and 7 from Rajya Sabha).
• ​It scrutinizes the appropriation and finance accounts of the Government of India and reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India.

Those three reports submitted by CAG are:

• Audit report on appropriation accounts
• Audit report on finance accounts
• Audit report on public undertakings

The Vice-President of India position is covered in Part V of the Indian Constitution.

• According to Article 64, the Vice-President is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
• His authority and responsibilities in this role are comparable to those of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
• Article 66, The members of an electoral college made up of representatives from both Houses of Parliament will choose the vice president. 
• When the President's position becomes vacant owing to his resignation, dismissal, death, or any other reason. 
• He may only serve as President for a maximum of six months until a new President must be chosen.

Thus, for Six months can the Vice-President act as President, when the office of the President falls vacant.

• On the basis of his study of 158 constitutions, Aristotle has given a classification of governments.
• The rule of one and for the interest of all is monarchy in normal form and its perverted form is tyranny. 
• The rule of the few and for the interest of all is aristocracy in normal form, and its perverted form is oligarchy.
• The rule of many and for the interest of all is polity in normal form, and its perverted form is democracy.

Hence, we can say that Aristotle's three normal forms of Governments are:

• Monarchy,
• Aristocracy 
• Polity

Hegel was inspired by Socrates, Aristotle, Rousseau, and Kant. He borrowed his dialectical method from Socrates. For Hegel, State is the highest manifestation of Reason because it emerges as a synthesis of family (thesis) and civil society (anti-thesis). He rejected Kant’s notion of perpetual peace. Hegel had no doctrine of just war.
Thus, option C is correct.

G.C.Field said that a 'political party is a voluntary association of people for the purpose of attaining political power':

Antonio Gramsci a renowned Italian philosopher was also a founding member of the Italian Communist Party. During his prison life he wrote on several topics which were published later as ‘Prison Notebooks’. His notion of hegemony is considered to be the most significant and original contribution. Gramsci talks about two categories of intellectuals- traditional intellectuals and organic intellectuals.
For Gramsci, philosophy of praxis is an interaction of theory and practice. In ‘Prison Notebooks’, he wrote that his philosophy of praxis is a reformed and developed form of Hegelianism. He treated Marxism as the philosophy of praxis.
Thus, option D is correct.

Richard Glenn Gettell (March 3, 1912 – August 14, 1988)[1] was an American educator who served as the 13th President of Mount Holyoke College from 1957 to 1968.believed that a 'political party consists of a group of citizens more or less organised who act as a political unit'.

The correct answer is Article-51

• Article 51 of the Indian Constitution ensure that the State shall endeavour to promote and maintenance of international peace and security, just and honourable relations between nations, respect for international law and treaty obligations, as well as settlement of international disputes by arbitration.
• India is the only country in the world which has a specific article for international peace and harmony in its constitution.

Six months is given to the present Lokpal to complete its enquiry.

 The following are the powers of Lokpal:

• The Lokpal would have the authority to supervise and direct any investigation agency, including the CBI, for cases that the Ombudsman refers to them.
• According to the Act, even before an investigating agency (like vigilance or CBI) has started the investigation, the Lokpal may summon or examine any public servant if there is a prima facie case against the individual.
• No CBI officer may be transferred without the Lokpal's consent while they are working on a matter that has been submitted to them by the Lokpal.
• It takes six months to finish an investigation. However, if the need for such extensions is justified in writing, the Lokpal or Lokayukta may grant six-month extensions at a time.

Therefore, the time given to the present Lok Pal to complete its inquiry six months