TS TET Paper 2 Mock Test - 4 (Science and Mathematics) - TS TET MCQ

Erikson's (1959) theory of psychosocial development has eight distinct stages. Like Freud, Erikson assumed that a crisis occurs at each stage of development. For Erikson (1963), these crisis are of a psychosocial nature because they involve psychological needs of the individual (i.e. psycho) conflicting with the needs of society (i.e. social).
Industry (competence) vs. Inferiority
It is the 4th stage out of eight. It is at this stage that the child's peer group will gain greater significance and will become a major source of the child's self esteem. The child now feels the need to win approval by demonstrating specific competencies that are valued by society, and begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments.

Assessment refers to the process of obtaining information about a learner’s learning and achievement in a course, with a view to bringing improvement in his learning. Assessment is considered a part of the teaching-learning process and is often categorized as assessment of learning, assessment for learning, and assessment as learning.

Development refers to qualitative changes in an individual such as a change in personality or other mental and emotional aspects.

• The term individual development is the process of maturation of a child up to a stage where he\she can independently make their own decisions about their life.
• Individual development caters to the overall development of the child in terms of its physical, mental, emotional, and psychological growth.

​As we live in a society, we come across persons who are followers of different cultures which allows us the opportunity to understand and expose our minds to the different customs and cultures of the society.
When individual experiences and interacts with different persons he is influenced by them and this influence plays an important role in the psychological development of a person.
It not only affects psychological development, but it also affects the other factors of development as the kind of society we grow up in, makes an impact on our lifestyle.
Such as if a person grows up in a family of sportspersons he is also going to be affected and influenced to participate in sports which will impact his physical and mental development.
Thus, it is concluded that there is cultural diversity in the process of development is correct for the process of development of an individual.

Enquiry-based learning starts by posing questions, problems or scenarios—rather than simply presenting established facts or portraying a smooth path to knowledge. The process is often assisted by a facilitator.

According to Kohlberg the pre-conventional level of moral development of a child shows no internalization of moral values. In this level, the moral reasoning of the child is controlled by external rewards and punishment.
Pre-conventional Level:

• Obedience and Punishment: Based on avoiding punishment, a focus on the consequences of actions, rather than intentions; intrinsic deference to authority
• Individualism and Exchange: The “right” behaviours are those that are in the best interest of oneself, tit for tat mentality.

Constructivism is centered on the idea that human knowledge and learning are actively constructed by the teacher, not passively received from the environment. It is based on the theory of constructivism which holds that learning always builds upon the knowledge that a student already has.

Hearing impaired learners, sign language is the most appropriate.
A hearing-impaired person is the one who has difficulty in hearing. For such people, sign languages are used to show them what one is saying. The first person credited with the creation of a formal sign language for the hearing impaired was Pedro Ponce de León, a 16th-century Spanish Benedictine monk.

• A language that employs signs made with the hands and other movements, including facial expressions and postures of the body is called sign language.
• But people with disabilities including Autism, Apraxia of speech, Cerebral Palsy, and Down Syndrome may also find sign language beneficial for communicating.
• Sign language may be as coarsely expressed as mere grimaces, shrugs, or pointings; or it may employ a delicately nuanced combination of coded manual signals reinforced by facial expression and perhaps augmented by words spelt out in a manual alphabet.

The theory of Maslow's hierarchy of needs basically talks about how all humans have different levels of needs for survival and they work to make money to fulfill those needs. Thus, the news of 'a woman selling her child to obtain food' may be understood best on the basis of theory of hierarchical needs.

A child always sympathizes with other children, is an emotional habit. Sympathy is an emotional response characterized by feelings of compassion, concern, or sorrow for someone else's situation or emotions. It involves understanding and sharing the emotions of others, which is a key aspect of empathy.

Curiosity and Creative ideas are considered a sign of being gifted. Fighting is a confrontation in which two or more people compete for dominance and respect to satisfy their own egos. Thus, it cannot be regarded as a sign of being gifted. Curiosity is a valuable agent in education when it is rightly valued and employed. Curiosity is highly important because it is a starting point of interest. Creative ideas are concerned with a holistic approach to education, focusing upon the learner becoming part of a professional community, involving the dimensions of knowledge, performance and identity formation.

कुमार किसी पठन सामग्री में से किसी शब्द विशेष की पहचान कर लेता है या जब कुछ बोला जाए तब भी शब्द विशेष की पहचान कर लेता है परन्तु स्वयं की भाषा में इसका प्रयोग नहीं कर पता है। आप इस शब्द संपदा को निष्क्रिय शब्द-संपदा कहेंगे।
शब्द संपदा (शब्दकोश, शब्दावली) शब्दों का एक सेट है जो एक व्यक्ति अपने भाषण में समझता है और उपयोग करता है।
शब्द संपदा आमतौर पर दो प्रकारों में विभाजित होती है: सक्रिय और निष्क्रिय।

• सक्रिय शब्दावली - ये ऐसे शब्द हैं जो एक व्यक्ति नियमित रूप से मौखिक भाषण और लेखन में उपयोग करता है।
• निष्क्रिय शब्दावली - यह उन शब्दों का सेट है जो एक व्यक्ति कान से या पढ़ते समय जानता और समझता है, लेकिन खुद उनका उपयोग नहीं करता है।
• जॉन रेनॉल्ड्स और पेट्रीसिया एकर्स के अनुसार, "आपकी निष्क्रिय शब्दावली में सक्रिय से अधिक शब्द होने की संभावना है। अपने लेखन में शब्दावली की सीमा में सुधार करने का एक तरीका है अपने निष्क्रिय से सक्रिय शब्दावली में शब्दों को स्थानांतरित करने का प्रयास करना"

उपर्युक्त पद्यांश के अनुसार जब सूरज की किरणें चमकती है तो ऐसा लगता है जैसे किसी ने चांदी का जाल बिछा दिया हो।
पद्यांश से

• "लिपटी जिससे रवि की किरणें...चांदी की सी उजली जाली"

महानता शब्‍द में उपसर्ग का प्रयोग नहीं किया गया है।

• महान + ता = महानता
• 'महान' मूलशब्द और 'ता' प्रत्यय 
• अर्थ: महान होने का भाव, श्रेष्ठता, बड़प्पन।

मुदिता आठवीं कक्षा में हिन्दी भाषा पढ़ाती हैं। कविता के भाव के बारे में बातचीत करते समय आप उन्हें कविता का एक निश्चित भाव, अर्थ नहीं हो सकता बात के प्रति सचेत रहने की सलाह देगें।

• कविता में सौंन्दर्य तथा भावना की सहज अभिव्यक्ति होती है। 
• कविता पाठक के मन को आसानी से छु जाती है।
• कविता में भाव तत्व की प्रधानता होती है।
• कल्पना के मिश्रण से सौंन्दर्य चित्रण को कविता में सहज और ग्राह्य बनाया जाता 
• कविता की लयात्मकता शब्दावली को पढ़ने के लिए सस्वर पठनअनिवार्य है। 
• कविता के द्वारा बिंब-विधान किया जाता है। बिंब एक प्रकार का शब्द चित्र होता है, जो कविता में ही उपस्थित होता है। इसी कारण कविता का अर्थ स्थिति की लाक्षणिता के आधार पर ग्रहण किया जाता है।

'Santa' refers to 'Santa Claus'.

• "Immersion" in the given passage refers to being deeply involved or fully engaged in something.
  Ex - John's immersion in his work allowed him to produce exceptional results." 
• "Involvement," means actively participating or being engaged in a particular activity or situation. 
  Ex -  School officials say they welcome parental involvement.

So, it is clear that 'immersion' and 'involvement' are similar in meaning. 
Thus, the correct answer is Option 3. 

Some dinosaurs had feathers although they could not fly, but birds have feathers that help them to fly. In the context of evolution, this means that feathers are homologous structures in both the organisms.

Given:
The given values =  a + 4, a – 3.5, a – 2.5, a – 3, a – 2, a + 0.5, a + 5 and a – 0.5
Concept used:
If n is odd
Median = [(n + 1)/2]^th observations
If n is even
Median = [(n/2)^th + (n/2 + 1)^th observations]/2
Calculation:
a + 4, a – 3.5, a – 2.5, a – 3, a – 2, a + 0.5, a + 5 and a – 0.5
Arrange the data in ascending order
⇒ a – 3.5, a – 3, a – 2.5, a – 2, a – 0.5, a + 0.5, a + 4, a + 5
Here, the n is 8, which is even
Median =  [(n/2)^th + (n/2 + 1)^th observations]/2
⇒ [(8/2) + (8/2 + 1)/2] term
⇒ 4^th + 5^th term
⇒ [(a – 2 + a – 0.5)/2]
⇒ [(2a – 2.5)/2]
⇒ a – 1.25
∴ The median of the data set is a – 1.25.

The reason behind preparing a frequency distribution is to provide a systematic way of “looking at” and understanding data. To understand, the information contained in a frequency distribution often is displayed in a graphic and/or diagrammatic form.
Pictographs are also known as picture grams, which are very frequently used in representing statistical data. They are drawn with the help of pictures usually and diagrams indicate the nature of the represented facts. Pictograms are attractive and easy to comprehend.

The greatest fraction is 9/10 and the smallest fraction is 6/7.
If we add same number to the numerator and denominator of an improper fraction, then the value of the fraction will increase.
Now, difference between the fractions = (9/10 - 6/7) = (63 - 60)/70 = 3/70.

If x, y, z are any three rational numbers and if x > y, y > z, then x > a. This is known as transitive property.

• The acid present in an ant sting is Formic acid.
• Formic acid (systematically called methanoic acid) is the simplest carboxylic acid.
• Molecular formula: HCOOH
• It is quite fatal for those ants as after stinging, their stinger is lost after which formic acid is forcibly released from their poison gland.

A pinhole camera is a simple camera without lens and with a single small aperture. Light from a scene passes through this single point and projects a real and inverted image on the opposite side of the box.

• Food preservation is the method of preventing food such as fruits and vegetables from spoiling.
• Food spoilage is caused by microbial growth.
• Food preservation allows one to extend the life of food and store it for a lengthy period of time.
• Food preservation plays an important role in businesses.
• The most commonly used preservatives are common salt, sugar, vinegar, vegetable oils, etc.

A goiter is a swelling in the neck resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland.

The evaluation card which assesses the standard of the textbook is Hunter's score card.

Teaching method: Different teaching methods are used by teachers as per the requirements of students. For choosing the one, the teacher may classify students based on their abilities (ability grouping) or he can choose it based on the compatibility of the topic.

• To connect Mathematics with real life, field trip, survey, and projects are more helpful. By involving students actively in learning interesting Mathematics, they will be more successful than more conventional courses in promoting a positive attitude toward Mathematics. 

A phase named 'Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)' is a part of the strategy of reciprocal teaching. Reciprocal teaching refers to an instructional activity in which students become the teacher in small group reading sessions. Teachers model, then help students learn to guide group discussions using four strategies: summarising, question generating, clarifying, and predicting.

In the preparation of the Herbartian lesson plan, the stage after generalisation is application.

Given:
The ratio of two numbers is 5 ∶ 6
The product of their HCF and LCM is 270
Formula used:
Product of two numbers = HCF × LCM
Calculation:
Let the numbers be 5x and 6x
Product of them = 5x × 6x = 30x²
⇒ 30x² = 270
⇒ x² = 9
⇒ x = 3
Now, the sum of them = (5x + 6x) = 11x
After putting the value of x
⇒ 11 × 3
⇒ 33
∴ The sum of the two numbers is 33