Test: Basic Features of The Constitution of India- 2 - Humanities/Arts MCQ

The Constitution of India under Articles 32 and 226 empower the Supreme Court and the High Courts respectively to issue 5 kinds of prerogative writs for upholding fundamental rights guaranteed to persons under Part III of the Constitution. Writ of mandamus is one of such writs. The term 'mandamus' has been derived from the Latin word meaning 'we command'. In common law jurisdictions the superior court issues this writ to lower courts or a government official to order them to perform a mandatory duty in the correct manner. It was issued for the first time in 1615 in England against a mayor to restore a person removed illegally from office, to his position. The writ was introduced in India through the Letters Patent creating the Supreme Court in Calcutta in 1773 and has gained immense importance with time.

Universal suffrage implies that every adult man or woman, rich or poor, literate or illiterate has the right to vote. Universal means everyone, adult means 18 and above and suffrage means the right to vote. When a country grants universal adult suffrage to all its citizens without any discrimination of caste, religion, race, sex, etc. the country has granted political equality to all its citizens.

The Constitution consists of 395 Articles (many articles were added subsequently and some were repealed by way of amendments). The additions have been given alpha numeric enumeration alongside the original article. Originally the Constitution consisted of 8 schedules; now it consists of 12 Schedules.

Indian constitution has adopted the concept of prerogative writs from English common law. Writs was first used to describe a written command of the King. Whereas, these writs are now available to a person aggrieved by the decision of the inferior courts or administrative body in England. 
 

Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States. (1) Notwithstanding anything in clauses (2) and (3), Parliament has exclusive power to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List I in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the “Union List”).

Article 123 of the Constitution of India empowers the President to promulgate ordinances(official rules or order) when any one or both the houses of the Parliament are not in session. 
Every ordinance so issued must be presented before Parliament when it meets. 
The Parliament can approve the ordinance and it will become an Act or if parliament takes no action then ordinance ceases to operate on the expiry of 6 weeks from the meeting of the Parliament.
Hence, B is the correct option.

Elections to the Constituent Assembly were held in July 1946. Its first meeting was held in December 1946. Soon after, the country was divided into India and Pakistan. The Constituent Assembly was also divided into the Constituent Assembly of India and that of Pakistan. The Constituent Assembly that wrote the Indian constitution had 299 members. The Assembly adopted the Constitution on 26 November 1949 but it came into effect on 26 January 1950. 

The Constitution consists of 395 Articles (many articles were added subsequently and some were repealed by way of amendments). The additions have been given alpha numeric enumeration alongside the original article. Originally the Constitution consisted of 8 schedules; now it consists of 12 Schedules 

A Writ means a command of the Court to another person or authority by which such person/authority has to act or abstain from acting in a certain way. Thus, writs are a very essential part of the judicial power of the Courts.
Quo Warrano is one such writ and literally means an order issued by the court to prevent a person from holding office to which he is not entitled and to oust him from that office. 

Constitution of a country seeks to establish its fundamental or basic or apex organs of government and administration, describes their structure, composition, powers and principal functions, defines the inter-relationship of these organs with one another, and regulates their relationship with the people, more particularly the political relationship. 

Universal Adult Franchise is the right to vote of all adults, irrespective of caste, creed sex etc. Through this, the leaders of the country are elected by people itself. It makes the government more responsive. 

The Fundamental Rights are defined as basic human freedoms that every Indian citizen has the right to enjoy for a proper and harmonious growth and development of personality. These rights universally apply to all citizens, irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste or gender. Aliens (persons who are not citizens) are also considered in matters like equality before law. They are enforceable by the courts, subject to certain restrictions.

The Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949 and signed by. The Constitution came into force on 26 January 1950 which is the date of commencement of the Constitution.

The framers of the constitution of India while framing the fundamental rights, took caution as to what fundamental rights have to be applied to foreigners and what rights have to be specifically reserved for the citizens of India. And accordingly, only a few are available to non-citizens.

The right to property is not a Fundamental Right but it is a constitutional right. In the original Constitution, the right to property was listed as a fundamental right. By the 44th Amendment to the Constitution, the right to property was removed as a fundamental right and instead, a new provision was added to the Constitution i.e. Article 300-A making it a constitutional right.