Test: Beams- 1

Beam is a structural member subjected to transverse loads that is loads perpendicular to its longitudinal axis. The mode of deflection of beam is primarily by bending.

Structural members subjected to bending accompanied by large axial compressive loads at the same time are known as beam-column. A beam-column differs from column only by presence of eccentricity of load application, end moment, transverse load.

Girt is horizontal member fastened to and spanning between peripheral column of industrial buildings. It is used to support wall cladding such as corrugated metal sheet.

Lintels are beam members used to carry wall loads over wall openings for doors, windows, etc.

The load transfer by beam is primarily by bending and shear. The mode of deflection of beam is primarily by bending.

Spandrels are exterior beams at floor level of buildings, which carry part of floor load and exterior wall.

Stringers are members used in bridges parallel to traffic to carry the deck slab. They will be connected by transverse floor beams.

Joist is a member supporting roof in a building. Girder is a major floor beam in building. Tie is tension member in roof truss and rafter is a member supporting purlin.

Beams may be termed as simply supported beams when end condition do not carry any end moments from any continuity developed by connection. A beam is called continuous beam when it extends continuously across more than two supports. A fixed beam has its ends rigidly connected to other members, so that moments can be carried across the connection.

Complex stresses may arise when loads are inclined to principal axes, when unsymmetrical sections are used or when large values of shear and bending moment occur at section.