Test: Biological Cell - UPSC MCQ

Golgi apparatus is also known as  Golgi complex or Golgi body. It is an organelle that serves as a primary packaging area for molecules that will be distributed throughout the cell.  It is located in the cytoplasm next to the endoplasmic reticulum and near the nucleus of the cell. 

Endocytosis is the process in which the ingestion of material by the cells is done through the plasma membrane. Or we can say that it is the process of actively transporting molecules into the cell by engulfing it with its membrane.

Osmosis is the process in which the passage of water goes from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.

Exocytosis is the process in which the membrane of a vesicle can fuse with the plasma membrane and extrude its contents to the surrounding medium.

Blue-green Algae or Cyanobacteria are Prokaryotes. They lack membrane-bound organelles and nuclei. 

In 1665, the cell was first discovered by Robert Hooke. The cell has a rich and interesting history that has ultimately provided the way to various scientific advancements of today.

Plasma Membrane is the outermost boundary of the cell. It is also known as the cell membrane. It is the membrane found in all cells that separate the interior of the cell from the outside environment. A cell wall is attached to the plasma membrane on its outside surface in bacterial and plant cells.

Organelles are found in all Eukaryotic cells. They coordinate to produce the cell. They are small-sized and mostly internal. Organelle, any of specialised structures inside a cell that perform a specific function (e.g. mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum). Organelles in unicellular organisms are the equivalent of organs in multicellular organisms.

Prokaryotes: contain a single chromosome and cell division occurs through fission or budding. The usual method of prokaryote cell division is termed binary fission. The prokaryotic chromosome is a single DNA molecule that first replicates, then attaches each copy to a different part of the cell membrane. 
Bacteria: Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They are considered primitive because they have an incipient nucleus and divide similarly to amitosis.
Primitive: Primitive means characteristic of an early state, especially in being crude or uncivilized. In science, primitive can also mean characteristic of an early stage of development or evolution.

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance present inside the cell and contains other organelles. It is a thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane.