Test: CLAT Mock Test - 1 - CLAT MCQ

Directions: Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.

Another man might have thrown up his hands—but not Nawabdin. Nawab of course knew that he must proliferate his sources of revenue—the salary he received from K. K. Harouni for tending the tube wells would not even begin to suffice. He set up a little one-room flour mill, run off a condemned electric motor—condemned by him. He tried his hand at fish-farming in a little pond at the edge of his master's fields. He bought broken radios, fixed them, and resold them. He did not demur even when asked to fix watches, though that enterprise did spectacularly badly, and in fact earned him more kicks than kudos, for no watch he took apart ever kept time again. K. K. Harouni rarely went to his farms, but lived mostly in Lahore. Whenever the old man visited, Nawab would place himself night and day at the door. Nawab tended the household machinery, the air conditioners, water heaters, refrigerators, and water pumps. By his superhuman efforts he almost managed to maintain K. K. Harouni in the same mechanical cocoon, cooled and bathed and lighted and fed, that the landowner enjoyed in Lahore. Finally, one evening at teatime, gauging the psychological moment, Nawab asked if he might say a word. The landowner, who was cheerfully filing his nails in front of a crackling rosewood fire, told him to go ahead.

"Sir, as you know, your lands stretch from here to the Indus, and on these lands are fully seventeen tube wells, and to tend these seventeen tube wells there is but one man, me, your servant. In your service I have earned these gray hairs and now I cannot fulfill my duties as I should. Better a darkened house and proud hunger within than disgrace in the light of day. Release me, I ask you, I beg you."

"What's the matter, Nawabdin?" "Matter, sir? O what could be the matter in your service. I've eaten your salt for all my years. But sir, on the bicycle now, with my old legs, and with the many injuries I've received when heavy machinery fell on me—I cannot any longer bicycle about like a bridegroom from farm to farm, as I could when I first had the good fortune to enter your employment. I beg you, sir, let me go." "And what's the solution?" asked Harouni, seeing that they had come to the crux. He didn't particularly care one way or the other, except that it touched on his comfort—a matter of great interest to him. "Well, sir, if I had a motorcycle, then I could somehow limp along, at least until I train up some younger man." The crops that year had been good, Harouni felt expansive in front of the fire, and so, much to the disgust of the farm managers, Nawab received a brand-new motorcycle, a Honda 70. He even managed to extract an allowance for gasoline.

[Extracted with edits and revisions from "Nawabdin Electrician" ©2009 by Daniyal Mueenuddin]

Q. What was Nawabdin's primary role in K. K. Harouni's household when the landowner visited?

Directions: Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.

Another man might have thrown up his hands—but not Nawabdin. Nawab of course knew that he must proliferate his sources of revenue—the salary he received from K. K. Harouni for tending the tube wells would not even begin to suffice. He set up a little one-room flour mill, run off a condemned electric motor—condemned by him. He tried his hand at fish-farming in a little pond at the edge of his master's fields. He bought broken radios, fixed them, and resold them. He did not demur even when asked to fix watches, though that enterprise did spectacularly badly, and in fact earned him more kicks than kudos, for no watch he took apart ever kept time again. K. K. Harouni rarely went to his farms, but lived mostly in Lahore. Whenever the old man visited, Nawab would place himself night and day at the door. Nawab tended the household machinery, the air conditioners, water heaters, refrigerators, and water pumps. By his superhuman efforts he almost managed to maintain K. K. Harouni in the same mechanical cocoon, cooled and bathed and lighted and fed, that the landowner enjoyed in Lahore. Finally, one evening at teatime, gauging the psychological moment, Nawab asked if he might say a word. The landowner, who was cheerfully filing his nails in front of a crackling rosewood fire, told him to go ahead.

"Sir, as you know, your lands stretch from here to the Indus, and on these lands are fully seventeen tube wells, and to tend these seventeen tube wells there is but one man, me, your servant. In your service I have earned these gray hairs and now I cannot fulfill my duties as I should. Better a darkened house and proud hunger within than disgrace in the light of day. Release me, I ask you, I beg you."

"What's the matter, Nawabdin?" "Matter, sir? O what could be the matter in your service. I've eaten your salt for all my years. But sir, on the bicycle now, with my old legs, and with the many injuries I've received when heavy machinery fell on me—I cannot any longer bicycle about like a bridegroom from farm to farm, as I could when I first had the good fortune to enter your employment. I beg you, sir, let me go." "And what's the solution?" asked Harouni, seeing that they had come to the crux. He didn't particularly care one way or the other, except that it touched on his comfort—a matter of great interest to him. "Well, sir, if I had a motorcycle, then I could somehow limp along, at least until I train up some younger man." The crops that year had been good, Harouni felt expansive in front of the fire, and so, much to the disgust of the farm managers, Nawab received a brand-new motorcycle, a Honda 70. He even managed to extract an allowance for gasoline.

[Extracted with edits and revisions from "Nawabdin Electrician" ©2009 by Daniyal Mueenuddin]

Q. Why did Nawabdin ask for a motorcycle from K. K. Harouni?

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given beside.

Two recent studies have provided new insights into the melting of Antarctica's Thwaites Glacier, which is one of the largest and most concerning ice formations in the region. It is often referred to as the "[1]" and contains enough ice to potentially raise global sea levels by about 2 feet on its own. The latest research presents some concerning findings. On one hand, Thwaites may be melting at a slower rate than previously estimated. However, it is still retreating rapidly inland from the sea, suggesting that it may require less melting to destabilize the glacier than scientists initially believed.

These two studies are based on data from the MELT project, which aims to comprehend how warm ocean waters are contributing to the glacier's melting at its grounding line. The grounding line is the point where the ice is connected to the bedrock, effectively anchoring it to the Earth's surface. Beyond this grounding line, the ice detaches from the ground and extends forward in the form of a floating ice shelf.

These aspects of seaside glaciers are of critical importance. Ocean water can infiltrate beneath the ice shelves and reach the glacier's edge at the grounding line, causing the ice to melt from the bottom. This process can result in the glacier moving backward over the bedrock, causing it to retreat inland and discharging more ice into the ocean in the process.

[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: “Antarctica’s ‘[1]’ May Be More Prone to Melting Than Expected, by Chelsea Harvey, Scientific American]

Q. Which term has been replaced with ‘[1]’ in the passage above?

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given beside.

Two recent studies have provided new insights into the melting of Antarctica's Thwaites Glacier, which is one of the largest and most concerning ice formations in the region. It is often referred to as the "[1]" and contains enough ice to potentially raise global sea levels by about 2 feet on its own. The latest research presents some concerning findings. On one hand, Thwaites may be melting at a slower rate than previously estimated. However, it is still retreating rapidly inland from the sea, suggesting that it may require less melting to destabilize the glacier than scientists initially believed.

These two studies are based on data from the MELT project, which aims to comprehend how warm ocean waters are contributing to the glacier's melting at its grounding line. The grounding line is the point where the ice is connected to the bedrock, effectively anchoring it to the Earth's surface. Beyond this grounding line, the ice detaches from the ground and extends forward in the form of a floating ice shelf.

These aspects of seaside glaciers are of critical importance. Ocean water can infiltrate beneath the ice shelves and reach the glacier's edge at the grounding line, causing the ice to melt from the bottom. This process can result in the glacier moving backward over the bedrock, causing it to retreat inland and discharging more ice into the ocean in the process.

[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: “Antarctica’s ‘[1]’ May Be More Prone to Melting Than Expected, by Chelsea Harvey, Scientific American]

Q. In what year did India join the Antarctic Treaty, which was signed by twelve countries in 1959 and came into effect in 1961?

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given beside.

Two recent studies have provided new insights into the melting of Antarctica's Thwaites Glacier, which is one of the largest and most concerning ice formations in the region. It is often referred to as the "[1]" and contains enough ice to potentially raise global sea levels by about 2 feet on its own. The latest research presents some concerning findings. On one hand, Thwaites may be melting at a slower rate than previously estimated. However, it is still retreating rapidly inland from the sea, suggesting that it may require less melting to destabilize the glacier than scientists initially believed.

These two studies are based on data from the MELT project, which aims to comprehend how warm ocean waters are contributing to the glacier's melting at its grounding line. The grounding line is the point where the ice is connected to the bedrock, effectively anchoring it to the Earth's surface. Beyond this grounding line, the ice detaches from the ground and extends forward in the form of a floating ice shelf.

These aspects of seaside glaciers are of critical importance. Ocean water can infiltrate beneath the ice shelves and reach the glacier's edge at the grounding line, causing the ice to melt from the bottom. This process can result in the glacier moving backward over the bedrock, causing it to retreat inland and discharging more ice into the ocean in the process.

[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: “Antarctica’s ‘[1]’ May Be More Prone to Melting Than Expected, by Chelsea Harvey, Scientific American]

Q. The management of the complete Indian Antarctic program falls under the jurisdiction of whom?

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given beside.

Two recent studies have provided new insights into the melting of Antarctica's Thwaites Glacier, which is one of the largest and most concerning ice formations in the region. It is often referred to as the "[1]" and contains enough ice to potentially raise global sea levels by about 2 feet on its own. The latest research presents some concerning findings. On one hand, Thwaites may be melting at a slower rate than previously estimated. However, it is still retreating rapidly inland from the sea, suggesting that it may require less melting to destabilize the glacier than scientists initially believed.

These two studies are based on data from the MELT project, which aims to comprehend how warm ocean waters are contributing to the glacier's melting at its grounding line. The grounding line is the point where the ice is connected to the bedrock, effectively anchoring it to the Earth's surface. Beyond this grounding line, the ice detaches from the ground and extends forward in the form of a floating ice shelf.

These aspects of seaside glaciers are of critical importance. Ocean water can infiltrate beneath the ice shelves and reach the glacier's edge at the grounding line, causing the ice to melt from the bottom. This process can result in the glacier moving backward over the bedrock, causing it to retreat inland and discharging more ice into the ocean in the process.

[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: “Antarctica’s ‘[1]’ May Be More Prone to Melting Than Expected, by Chelsea Harvey, Scientific American]

Q. The International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration (ITGC) is investigating one of the most unstable glaciers in Antarctica. ITGC is a joint initiative of –

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given beside.

Two recent studies have provided new insights into the melting of Antarctica's Thwaites Glacier, which is one of the largest and most concerning ice formations in the region. It is often referred to as the "[1]" and contains enough ice to potentially raise global sea levels by about 2 feet on its own. The latest research presents some concerning findings. On one hand, Thwaites may be melting at a slower rate than previously estimated. However, it is still retreating rapidly inland from the sea, suggesting that it may require less melting to destabilize the glacier than scientists initially believed.

These two studies are based on data from the MELT project, which aims to comprehend how warm ocean waters are contributing to the glacier's melting at its grounding line. The grounding line is the point where the ice is connected to the bedrock, effectively anchoring it to the Earth's surface. Beyond this grounding line, the ice detaches from the ground and extends forward in the form of a floating ice shelf.

These aspects of seaside glaciers are of critical importance. Ocean water can infiltrate beneath the ice shelves and reach the glacier's edge at the grounding line, causing the ice to melt from the bottom. This process can result in the glacier moving backward over the bedrock, causing it to retreat inland and discharging more ice into the ocean in the process.

[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: “Antarctica’s ‘[1]’ May Be More Prone to Melting Than Expected, by Chelsea Harvey, Scientific American]

Q. What is India's most recent research station operation in Antarctica since 2012?

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given beside.

The Supreme Court has expressed concern regarding the availability of "protection officers" for handling domestic violence cases within the context of Mission Shakti, a comprehensive initiative aimed at ensuring the safety, security, and empowerment of women. This concern arises from the potential shortage of protection officers to address domestic violence cases.

According to a government document presented in the top court, there are approximately 4.4 lakh pending cases of domestic assault spread across a sample of 801 districts. Although most of these districts have established "one-stop centers" as part of the Mission Shakti program to assist victims, there remains uncertainty about how many of these centers have appointed protection officers to effectively assist survivors of domestic violence.

The appointment of protection officers is mandated by Section 8 of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005. These officers, who are ideally female, play a crucial role under the law. Their responsibilities include assisting victims in filing complaints, providing information to the police, offering immediate protection and support, informing victims of their legal rights, and supporting them throughout legal proceedings.

In light of the government's data, a Bench of Justices S. Ravindra Bhat and Dipankar Datta recently calculated that, with 4.4 lakh pending cases across 801 districts, each protection officer would be burdened with more than 500 cases. This situation underscores the urgent need for an increase in the number of protection officers; otherwise, the effectiveness of anti-domestic violence laws could be compromised, as indicated by the court.

[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: “Supreme Court intrigued by the lack of ‘protection officers’ for domestic violence cases, by Krishnadas Rajagopal, The Hindu”]

Q. India achieved its first-ever Anti-Satellite (ASAT) Missile Test success as part of which mission?

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given beside.

The Supreme Court has expressed concern regarding the availability of "protection officers" for handling domestic violence cases within the context of Mission Shakti, a comprehensive initiative aimed at ensuring the safety, security, and empowerment of women. This concern arises from the potential shortage of protection officers to address domestic violence cases. According to a government document presented in the top court, there are approximately 4.4 lakh pending cases of domestic assault spread across a sample of 801 districts. Although most of these districts have established "one-stop centers" as part of the Mission Shakti program to assist victims, there remains uncertainty about how many of these centers have appointed protection officers to effectively assist survivors of domestic violence. The appointment of protection officers is mandated by Section 8 of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005. These officers, who are ideally female, play a crucial role under the law. Their responsibilities include assisting victims in filing complaints, providing information to the police, offering immediate protection and support, informing victims of their legal rights, and supporting them throughout legal proceedings. In light of the government's data, a Bench of Justices S. Ravindra Bhat and Dipankar Datta recently calculated that, with 4.4 lakh pending cases across 801 districts, each protection officer would be burdened with more than 500 cases. This situation underscores the urgent need for an increase in the number of protection officers; otherwise, the effectiveness of anti-domestic violence laws could be compromised, as indicated by the court.

[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: “Supreme Court intrigued by the lack of ‘protection officers’ for domestic violence cases, by Krishnadas Rajagopal, The Hindu”]

Q. Every year, National Girl Child Day is celebrated nationwide on which date?

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given beside.

The Supreme Court has expressed concern regarding the availability of "protection officers" for handling domestic violence cases within the context of Mission Shakti, a comprehensive initiative aimed at ensuring the safety, security, and empowerment of women. This concern arises from the potential shortage of protection officers to address domestic violence cases. According to a government document presented in the top court, there are approximately 4.4 lakh pending cases of domestic assault spread across a sample of 801 districts. Although most of these districts have established "one-stop centers" as part of the Mission Shakti program to assist victims, there remains uncertainty about how many of these centers have appointed protection officers to effectively assist survivors of domestic violence. The appointment of protection officers is mandated by Section 8 of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005. These officers, who are ideally female, play a crucial role under the law. Their responsibilities include assisting victims in filing complaints, providing information to the police, offering immediate protection and support, informing victims of their legal rights, and supporting them throughout legal proceedings. In light of the government's data, a Bench of Justices S. Ravindra Bhat and Dipankar Datta recently calculated that, with 4.4 lakh pending cases across 801 districts, each protection officer would be burdened with more than 500 cases. This situation underscores the urgent need for an increase in the number of protection officers; otherwise, the effectiveness of anti-domestic violence laws could be compromised, as indicated by the court.

[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: “Supreme Court intrigued by the lack of ‘protection officers’ for domestic violence cases, by Krishnadas Rajagopal, The Hindu”]

Q. The Indian government has initiated 'Mission Shakti,' which is a comprehensive program aimed at ensuring the safety, security, and empowerment of women. This initiative is designed for implementation during the duration of the 15th Finance Commission. What is the timeframe covered by the 15th Finance Commission?

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given beside.

The Supreme Court has expressed concern regarding the availability of "protection officers" for handling domestic violence cases within the context of Mission Shakti, a comprehensive initiative aimed at ensuring the safety, security, and empowerment of women. This concern arises from the potential shortage of protection officers to address domestic violence cases. According to a government document presented in the top court, there are approximately 4.4 lakh pending cases of domestic assault spread across a sample of 801 districts. Although most of these districts have established "one-stop centers" as part of the Mission Shakti program to assist victims, there remains uncertainty about how many of these centers have appointed protection officers to effectively assist survivors of domestic violence. The appointment of protection officers is mandated by Section 8 of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005. These officers, who are ideally female, play a crucial role under the law. Their responsibilities include assisting victims in filing complaints, providing information to the police, offering immediate protection and support, informing victims of their legal rights, and supporting them throughout legal proceedings. In light of the government's data, a Bench of Justices S. Ravindra Bhat and Dipankar Datta recently calculated that, with 4.4 lakh pending cases across 801 districts, each protection officer would be burdened with more than 500 cases. This situation underscores the urgent need for an increase in the number of protection officers; otherwise, the effectiveness of anti-domestic violence laws could be compromised, as indicated by the court.

[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: “Supreme Court intrigued by the lack of ‘protection officers’ for domestic violence cases, by Krishnadas Rajagopal, The Hindu”]

Q. What are the two components or initiatives under 'Mission Shakti,' which is an overarching program aimed at enhancing the safety, security, and empowerment of women?

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given beside.

The Supreme Court has expressed concern regarding the availability of "protection officers" for handling domestic violence cases within the context of Mission Shakti, a comprehensive initiative aimed at ensuring the safety, security, and empowerment of women. This concern arises from the potential shortage of protection officers to address domestic violence cases. According to a government document presented in the top court, there are approximately 4.4 lakh pending cases of domestic assault spread across a sample of 801 districts. Although most of these districts have established "one-stop centers" as part of the Mission Shakti program to assist victims, there remains uncertainty about how many of these centers have appointed protection officers to effectively assist survivors of domestic violence. The appointment of protection officers is mandated by Section 8 of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005. These officers, who are ideally female, play a crucial role under the law. Their responsibilities include assisting victims in filing complaints, providing information to the police, offering immediate protection and support, informing victims of their legal rights, and supporting them throughout legal proceedings. In light of the government's data, a Bench of Justices S. Ravindra Bhat and Dipankar Datta recently calculated that, with 4.4 lakh pending cases across 801 districts, each protection officer would be burdened with more than 500 cases. This situation underscores the urgent need for an increase in the number of protection officers; otherwise, the effectiveness of anti-domestic violence laws could be compromised, as indicated by the court.

[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: “Supreme Court intrigued by the lack of ‘protection officers’ for domestic violence cases, by Krishnadas Rajagopal, The Hindu”]

Q. Who currently holds the position of Chief Justice of India among the following individuals?

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given beside.

A Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court has ruled that the appointment of Election Commissioners will be carried out by the President of India based on the recommendations of a Committee. This procedure will be enforced until the Parliament enacts a law governing this matter, as stated by Justice KM Joseph while reading out the judgment.

The bench observed that various political parties have come to power, yet none of them has established a legal framework or process for appointing Election Commissioners. It deemed this as a "gap" in the law and stressed the urgent need to create legislation under Article [1] of the Constitution.

The bench emphasized that the Election Commission is obligated to operate impartially and in accordance with the Constitution and court directives. It asserted that the Election Commission must maintain its independence from any form of influence by the executive branch.

The court also highlighted the importance of all stakeholders working together to preserve the integrity of the electoral process, ensuring that it accurately represents the will of the people. However, it expressed concern about the continuous misuse of the electoral process over time and made comments about the impartiality of the media in the current era, stating that "a significant portion of the media has abandoned its role and taken sides."

[Adapted from: "Supreme Court Directs Appointment of Election Commissioners on Advice of Committee Comprising Prime Minister, Leader of Opposition, and CJI," Live Law]

Q. Which article of the Indian Constitution has been replaced with ‘[1]’ in the passage above?

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given beside.

A Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court has ruled that the appointment of Election Commissioners will be carried out by the President of India based on the recommendations of a Committee. This procedure will be enforced until the Parliament enacts a law governing this matter, as stated by Justice KM Joseph while reading out the judgment.

The bench observed that various political parties have come to power, yet none of them has established a legal framework or process for appointing Election Commissioners. It deemed this as a "gap" in the law and stressed the urgent need to create legislation under Article [1] of the Constitution.

The bench emphasized that the Election Commission is obligated to operate impartially and in accordance with the Constitution and court directives. It asserted that the Election Commission must maintain its independence from any form of influence by the executive branch.

The court also highlighted the importance of all stakeholders working together to preserve the integrity of the electoral process, ensuring that it accurately represents the will of the people. However, it expressed concern about the continuous misuse of the electoral process over time and made comments about the impartiality of the media in the current era, stating that "a significant portion of the media has abandoned its role and taken sides."

[Adapted from: "Supreme Court Directs Appointment of Election Commissioners on Advice of Committee Comprising Prime Minister, Leader of Opposition, and CJI," Live Law]

Q. According to the 2021 Democracy Index by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), India held the 46th position. In terms of this ranking, India was categorized as ___

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given beside.

A Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court has ruled that the appointment of Election Commissioners will be carried out by the President of India based on the recommendations of a Committee. This procedure will be enforced until the Parliament enacts a law governing this matter, as stated by Justice KM Joseph while reading out the judgment.

The bench observed that various political parties have come to power, yet none of them has established a legal framework or process for appointing Election Commissioners. It deemed this as a "gap" in the law and stressed the urgent need to create legislation under Article [1] of the Constitution.

The bench emphasized that the Election Commission is obligated to operate impartially and in accordance with the Constitution and court directives. It asserted that the Election Commission must maintain its independence from any form of influence by the executive branch.

The court also highlighted the importance of all stakeholders working together to preserve the integrity of the electoral process, ensuring that it accurately represents the will of the people. However, it expressed concern about the continuous misuse of the electoral process over time and made comments about the impartiality of the media in the current era, stating that "a significant portion of the media has abandoned its role and taken sides."

[Adapted from: "Supreme Court Directs Appointment of Election Commissioners on Advice of Committee Comprising Prime Minister, Leader of Opposition, and CJI," Live Law]

Q. Which article in the Indian Constitution grants the President the authority to request the Supreme Court's opinion on matters of significant public interest or specific laws deemed necessary for the Constitution's functionality?

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given beside.

A Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court has ruled that the appointment of Election Commissioners will be carried out by the President of India based on the recommendations of a Committee. This procedure will be enforced until the Parliament enacts a law governing this matter, as stated by Justice KM Joseph while reading out the judgment.

The bench observed that various political parties have come to power, yet none of them has established a legal framework or process for appointing Election Commissioners. It deemed this as a "gap" in the law and stressed the urgent need to create legislation under Article [1] of the Constitution.

The bench emphasized that the Election Commission is obligated to operate impartially and in accordance with the Constitution and court directives. It asserted that the Election Commission must maintain its independence from any form of influence by the executive branch.

The court also highlighted the importance of all stakeholders working together to preserve the integrity of the electoral process, ensuring that it accurately represents the will of the people. However, it expressed concern about the continuous misuse of the electoral process over time and made comments about the impartiality of the media in the current era, stating that "a significant portion of the media has abandoned its role and taken sides."

[Adapted from: "Supreme Court Directs Appointment of Election Commissioners on Advice of Committee Comprising Prime Minister, Leader of Opposition, and CJI," Live Law]

Q. A Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court has ruled that the appointment of Election Commissioners will require the President of India to follow the advice of a Committee. This Committee is composed of__

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given beside.

A Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court has ruled that the appointment of Election Commissioners will be carried out by the President of India based on the recommendations of a Committee. This procedure will be enforced until the Parliament enacts a law governing this matter, as stated by Justice KM Joseph while reading out the judgment.

The bench observed that various political parties have come to power, yet none of them has established a legal framework or process for appointing Election Commissioners. It deemed this as a "gap" in the law and stressed the urgent need to create legislation under Article [1] of the Constitution.

The bench emphasized that the Election Commission is obligated to operate impartially and in accordance with the Constitution and court directives. It asserted that the Election Commission must maintain its independence from any form of influence by the executive branch.

The court also highlighted the importance of all stakeholders working together to preserve the integrity of the electoral process, ensuring that it accurately represents the will of the people. However, it expressed concern about the continuous misuse of the electoral process over time and made comments about the impartiality of the media in the current era, stating that "a significant portion of the media has abandoned its role and taken sides."

[Adapted from: "Supreme Court Directs Appointment of Election Commissioners on Advice of Committee Comprising Prime Minister, Leader of Opposition, and CJI," Live Law]

Q. The largest-ever bench in the Supreme Court of India was assembled in 1973. This significant bench was convened for which specific case?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

The Union Cabinet has given its approval for the PM SHRI scheme, which aims to transform existing government schools into exemplary institutions for the implementation of the National Education Policy, 2022. This initiative will function as a centrally sponsored scheme, with a total project cost of Rs. 27,360 crore. Out of this amount, the Central government's contribution will be Rs. 18,128 crore over a five-year period from 2022-23 to 2026-27, targeting the improvement of approximately 14,500 schools nationwide. However, schools will only be selected if the respective state governments commit to fully implementing the NEP. The Centre will lay down specific commitments to support these schools in achieving predefined quality standards required to become PM SHRI schools. The Ministry of Education's press statement emphasizes that these schools will undergo rigorous monitoring to evaluate their progress in NEP implementation. It is noteworthy that the scheme has been introduced at a time when certain states, such as Tamil Nadu, are opposing the NEP due to concerns about centralizing education and enforcing a three-language policy that requires students to learn two native Indian languages alongside a third language.

Q. What is the full form of SHRI?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

The Union Cabinet has given its approval for the PM SHRI scheme, which aims to transform existing government schools into exemplary institutions for the implementation of the National Education Policy, 2022. This initiative will function as a centrally sponsored scheme, with a total project cost of Rs. 27,360 crore. Out of this amount, the Central government's contribution will be Rs. 18,128 crore over a five-year period from 2022-23 to 2026-27, targeting the improvement of approximately 14,500 schools nationwide. However, schools will only be selected if the respective state governments commit to fully implementing the NEP. The Centre will lay down specific commitments to support these schools in achieving predefined quality standards required to become PM SHRI schools. The Ministry of Education's press statement emphasizes that these schools will undergo rigorous monitoring to evaluate their progress in NEP implementation. It is noteworthy that the scheme has been introduced at a time when certain states, such as Tamil Nadu, are opposing the NEP due to concerns about centralizing education and enforcing a three-language policy that requires students to learn two native Indian languages alongside a third language.

Q. Which of the following features is not emphasized in the National Education Policy, 2022?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

The Union Cabinet has given its approval for the PM SHRI scheme, which aims to transform existing government schools into exemplary institutions for the implementation of the National Education Policy, 2022. This initiative will function as a centrally sponsored scheme, with a total project cost of Rs. 27,360 crore. Out of this amount, the Central government's contribution will be Rs. 18,128 crore over a five-year period from 2022-23 to 2026-27, targeting the improvement of approximately 14,500 schools nationwide. However, schools will only be selected if the respective state governments commit to fully implementing the NEP. The Centre will lay down specific commitments to support these schools in achieving predefined quality standards required to become PM SHRI schools. The Ministry of Education's press statement emphasizes that these schools will undergo rigorous monitoring to evaluate their progress in NEP implementation. It is noteworthy that the scheme has been introduced at a time when certain states, such as Tamil Nadu, are opposing the NEP due to concerns about centralizing education and enforcing a three-language policy that requires students to learn two native Indian languages alongside a third language.

Q. Which state has the greatest female literacy rate, according to the 2011 Census?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

The Union Cabinet has given its approval for the PM SHRI scheme, which aims to transform existing government schools into exemplary institutions for the implementation of the National Education Policy, 2022. This initiative will function as a centrally sponsored scheme, with a total project cost of Rs. 27,360 crore. Out of this amount, the Central government's contribution will be Rs. 18,128 crore over a five-year period from 2022-23 to 2026-27, targeting the improvement of approximately 14,500 schools nationwide. However, schools will only be selected if the respective state governments commit to fully implementing the NEP. The Centre will lay down specific commitments to support these schools in achieving predefined quality standards required to become PM SHRI schools. The Ministry of Education's press statement emphasizes that these schools will undergo rigorous monitoring to evaluate their progress in NEP implementation. It is noteworthy that the scheme has been introduced at a time when certain states, such as Tamil Nadu, are opposing the NEP due to concerns about centralizing education and enforcing a three-language policy that requires students to learn two native Indian languages alongside a third language.

Q. Which of the following is/are NOT the justification(s) for state opposition to the National Education Policy's implementation?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

The Union Cabinet has given its approval for the PM SHRI scheme, which aims to transform existing government schools into exemplary institutions for the implementation of the National Education Policy, 2022. This initiative will function as a centrally sponsored scheme, with a total project cost of Rs. 27,360 crore. Out of this amount, the Central government's contribution will be Rs. 18,128 crore over a five-year period from 2022-23 to 2026-27, targeting the improvement of approximately 14,500 schools nationwide. However, schools will only be selected if the respective state governments commit to fully implementing the NEP. The Centre will lay down specific commitments to support these schools in achieving predefined quality standards required to become PM SHRI schools. The Ministry of Education's press statement emphasizes that these schools will undergo rigorous monitoring to evaluate their progress in NEP implementation. It is noteworthy that the scheme has been introduced at a time when certain states, such as Tamil Nadu, are opposing the NEP due to concerns about centralizing education and enforcing a three-language policy that requires students to learn two native Indian languages alongside a third language.

Q. The Academic Collaboration between Indian and Foreign Higher Education Institutions to Offer Joint Degree, Dual Degree, and Twinning Programs Regulations, 2022, were published by _____________.

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the newly renovated Central Vista Avenue in Delhi, which now encompasses the lawns on both sides of Rajpath, renamed as Kartavya Path. This revitalized area spans approximately 101 acres and received approval for the name change from the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) during a special council meeting. During his speech at the inauguration, Prime Minister Narendra Modi emphasized that in addition to advancing social and digital infrastructure, India is also focusing on cultural infrastructure. He praised Kartavya Path as an outstanding example of cultural infrastructure, offering a glimpse of India's future and instilling a fresh perspective and belief. The planning, design, and lighting of Kartavya Path were carefully executed with this vision in mind, he added, concluding his address with the patriotic slogan, "Bharat Mata ki Jai." Prime Minister Modi also highlighted that Kartavya Path is not merely a path constructed with bricks and stones; it will serve as an inspirational site with the presence of the National War Memorial, inspiring visitors who come to the area.

Q. Identify the freedom fighter whose statue PM Modi inaugurated in 2022 to coincide with the launch of the "Central Vista Project."

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the newly renovated Central Vista Avenue in Delhi, which now encompasses the lawns on both sides of Rajpath, renamed as Kartavya Path. This revitalized area spans approximately 101 acres and received approval for the name change from the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) during a special council meeting. During his speech at the inauguration, Prime Minister Narendra Modi emphasized that in addition to advancing social and digital infrastructure, India is also focusing on cultural infrastructure. He praised Kartavya Path as an outstanding example of cultural infrastructure, offering a glimpse of India's future and instilling a fresh perspective and belief. The planning, design, and lighting of Kartavya Path were carefully executed with this vision in mind, he added, concluding his address with the patriotic slogan, "Bharat Mata ki Jai." Prime Minister Modi also highlighted that Kartavya Path is not merely a path constructed with bricks and stones; it will serve as an inspirational site with the presence of the National War Memorial, inspiring visitors who come to the area.

Q. What year did the 'Central Vista Redevelopment Project' begin?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the newly renovated Central Vista Avenue in Delhi, which now encompasses the lawns on both sides of Rajpath, renamed as Kartavya Path. This revitalized area spans approximately 101 acres and received approval for the name change from the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) during a special council meeting. During his speech at the inauguration, Prime Minister Narendra Modi emphasized that in addition to advancing social and digital infrastructure, India is also focusing on cultural infrastructure. He praised Kartavya Path as an outstanding example of cultural infrastructure, offering a glimpse of India's future and instilling a fresh perspective and belief. The planning, design, and lighting of Kartavya Path were carefully executed with this vision in mind, he added, concluding his address with the patriotic slogan, "Bharat Mata ki Jai." Prime Minister Modi also highlighted that Kartavya Path is not merely a path constructed with bricks and stones; it will serve as an inspirational site with the presence of the National War Memorial, inspiring visitors who come to the area.

Q. Who of the following was awarded the new contract for building the new Parliament?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the newly renovated Central Vista Avenue in Delhi, which now encompasses the lawns on both sides of Rajpath, renamed as Kartavya Path. This revitalized area spans approximately 101 acres and received approval for the name change from the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) during a special council meeting. During his speech at the inauguration, Prime Minister Narendra Modi emphasized that in addition to advancing social and digital infrastructure, India is also focusing on cultural infrastructure. He praised Kartavya Path as an outstanding example of cultural infrastructure, offering a glimpse of India's future and instilling a fresh perspective and belief. The planning, design, and lighting of Kartavya Path were carefully executed with this vision in mind, he added, concluding his address with the patriotic slogan, "Bharat Mata ki Jai." Prime Minister Modi also highlighted that Kartavya Path is not merely a path constructed with bricks and stones; it will serve as an inspirational site with the presence of the National War Memorial, inspiring visitors who come to the area.

Q. Rashtrapati Bhavan to the __________ is connected by the about 101-acre Kartavya Path.

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the newly renovated Central Vista Avenue in Delhi, which now encompasses the lawns on both sides of Rajpath, renamed as Kartavya Path. This revitalized area spans approximately 101 acres and received approval for the name change from the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) during a special council meeting. During his speech at the inauguration, Prime Minister Narendra Modi emphasized that in addition to advancing social and digital infrastructure, India is also focusing on cultural infrastructure. He praised Kartavya Path as an outstanding example of cultural infrastructure, offering a glimpse of India's future and instilling a fresh perspective and belief. The planning, design, and lighting of Kartavya Path were carefully executed with this vision in mind, he added, concluding his address with the patriotic slogan, "Bharat Mata ki Jai." Prime Minister Modi also highlighted that Kartavya Path is not merely a path constructed with bricks and stones; it will serve as an inspirational site with the presence of the National War Memorial, inspiring visitors who come to the area.

Q. Please choose the correct option based on the following statements:

Statement I: The Amar Jawan Jyoti at India Gate was incorporated into the National War Memorial.
Statement II: Jawaharlal Nehru inaugurated the iconic Amar Jawan Jyoti.